Type: word
Time: Southern Song Dynasty
Brief introduction of the poet:
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty at the age of 67. The original word Tanfu, renamed You 'an and Jia Xuan, was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong), Han nationality. China is a great poet and patriot in history. The same name as Su Shi, also known as Su Xin, and Li Qingzhao are also called "Jinan Er 'an" in history. Someone once praised him like this: Jia Xuan is the crown of people and the dragon in words. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, which is aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. Before he was born in 13, Shandong was occupied by the nomads. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), two thousand people joined the northern anti-Jin army and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty the following year. Throughout his life, he insisted on fighting against nomadic people and recovering lost land. Zeng Jin played "Ten Theories on Meiqin", analyzed the situation of the enemy and ourselves, and put forward specific plans for Qiang Bing's rejuvenation; He also went to the Prime Minister's Ninth Meeting to further elaborate the idea of the Tenth Meeting. Has not been adopted and implemented. When serving in various places, he seriously eliminated the accumulated disadvantages, actively prepared for war, was restrained by capitulationists, and even was dismissed. He once lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time. The great ambition and talent of recovering the motherland were not displayed, and loyalty and resentment created a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Geng Jing massed troops in Shantung, restrained loyalty, and left the minister in charge. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, he ordered Feng Biao to return to the south, and Emperor Gaozong summoned him and awarded him the position of Cheng Wulang. Ning Zongchao was tired of being an official in eastern Zhejiang and added Long Ting and other systems. He entered parliament and was appointed as a pawn. He has lived in Shangrao and Buried Hill in Jiangxi for more than ten years. His writing is full of passion, generosity and tragic. Powerful brushwork, diverse artistic styles and uninhibited. And "Jia He's Short Sentence".
Throughout his life, he was proud of his integrity and made his own achievements, and advocated the war of resistance all his life. He once appeared in "Ten Treatises on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions", showing outstanding military talent and patriotic enthusiasm, and maintained a deep friendship with Song Zhishi and Neo-Confucianism Zhu, making great efforts to govern. Anti-gold and national rejuvenation are the main themes of his works, among which there are many laments of the lost direction of heroes and the idle resentment of the strong, which have distinct characteristics of the times. It also depicts the pastoral scenery, social customs and folk customs of the four seasons in the rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River with vivid and delicate brushstrokes. His ci has a wide range of subjects, and he also makes good use of predecessors' allusions. The style is heavy and heroic, and there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness. On the basis of Su Shi, he greatly developed the artistic conception of Ci and improved the literary status of Ci. Later generations called it "Su and Xin". His poems are also worthy of praise, especially his "powerful pen, ingenious convergence, correct and balanced theoretical style"
original text
Xijiangyue (1) travels in the yellow sand at night (2) and the clock is inverted.
The moon leaves the magpie, and the breeze cries at midnight. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, I suddenly saw ⑤ at the edge of Maodian Shelin (④) when the road turned to Xixi Bridge.
To annotate ...
① Xijiangyue: epigraph name.
② Huangsha: Huangshaling, in the west of Shangrao, Jiangxi.
3 "Bright Moon" sentence: Su Shi's poem "Er Yun Jiang Ying Shu" says: "The bright moon surprises the magpie." Other branches: oblique branches. Don't scare the magpie: scare the magpie away from the branches.
(4) Social forest: Woods near the Land Temple.
⑤ See: Same as "now".
The "other branches" in The Bright Moon Surprise Magpie are all marked as: other branches, lateral branches, opposite to the "trunk"; One says the other We think the word "no" should be used as a verb, which means "Shang". This sentence shows the following artistic conception: the poet walked on the mountain path in Huangshaling at night, when the moon rose into the air, but because the moonlight was blocked by mountains, the poet's position and the branch where the magpie was located were still dim. With the rise of the moon, the moonlight spilled over the top of the mountain and onto the poet, who suddenly felt his eyes shine. He looked up and saw that a bright moon had hung the branches, and the magpies on the branches were disturbed by the sudden stimulation of the moonlight.
translate
The bright moonlight startled the magpies in the branches, and the refreshing night wind attracted the cicadas' chirping.
Frogs are talking in the rice fields with fragrant rice, as if telling that this year is another bumper harvest year.
Seven or eight scattered stars were just far away from the horizon. In the blink of an eye, two or three drops of Mao Mao rain began to fall in front of the mountain, indicating that it was going to rain heavily.
In the past, the thatched cottage was still beside the Woods of the earth temple. Crossing the bridge and turning the stream source, a small thatched shop suddenly appeared in front of us.
Make an appreciative comment
This word was written by Xin Qiji when he was demoted to official residence in Jiangxi. Deliberately describe the night scene of Huangshaling. The moon is bright and the wind is cool, the stars are sparse and the rain is sparse, the magpies are startled and cicadas are chirping, the rice flowers are fragrant and the frogs are chirping. Ci describes the mountain village scenery in summer night from three aspects: vision, hearing and smell. Scenes blend, picturesque. Quiet and natural, vivid and realistic. It is a masterpiece of rural life in Song Ci.
Today's translator Jiang Ting is walking on a country road at night.
The moon came out and disturbed the sleeping magpies on the branches.
In the gently blowing night wind, cicadas are heard from time to time.
The smell of rice flowers is refreshing, ie indicates a bumper harvest.
Stop and listen to the frogs,
As if singing for people's harvest. ...
You see, there are seven or eight stars on the horizon occasionally.
In a blink of an eye, it rained two or three times in front of the mountain.
The heavy rain is coming, I want to take shelter from the rain, but I can't find a familiar Maodian.
Run to the corner of the stream,
Hey, isn't Maodian just around the corner?
Translation and reading
The bright moonlight woke up the birds and magpies, and they left the branches and flew away. A breeze blew in the middle of the night, and cicadas kept barking. In the fragrance of rice flowers, there are frogs, as if telling a story of a good year. Soon, dark clouds covered the moon. There are only seven or eight stars twinkling on the horizon in the distance, and it actually started to rain in front of the mountain. Pedestrians panic: there used to be a thatched shop next to the trees in the earth temple to shelter from the rain, but now it is gone. He hurried across the stream from the small bridge and turned a corner, and the Maodian appeared in front of him.
The original title of "Xijiang Moon" is "Huangsha Road at Night", which records the scenery and feelings the author saw when he walked in the countryside at night. After reading the first half, you must feel wonderful in silence. The word "don't" in this sentence is a verb, which means that the moon sets, leaves the branches and wakes up the black magpies on the branches. This sentence is very meticulous realism, and only those who have seen this scene in the middle of the night can understand the beauty of this poem. Black magpies are extremely sensitive to light. They will wake up during the solar eclipse, fly around, cry, and the moon sets. In fact, this sentence means "tears on the moon" (Tang Zhangji's "Sleeping near Fengqiao"), but it is more vivid than "tears on the moon". The key lies in the word "don't", which means that the magpie branches are reluctant to part with the bright moon. Magpies often crow when they are frightened. You can see yourself if you don't crow here. Literally, it can also avoid the accumulation of "cicadas". The phrase "the smell of rice flowers" means that the season is in summer. In the whole poem, these two sentences are the most vivid and profound, bringing the lively atmosphere and happy mood in the rural summer night to life. This is a typical environment. Each of these four sentences has a sound (the sound of magpies, cicadas, human voices and frogs), but each sentence also has a quiet night. These two flavors are reflected in Nightcrawler's feelings, and he is in a happy mood. The situation changed a little in the second half of the year. The rare stars in the sky indicate that time has progressed. It is clearly midnight and it is almost dawn. Rain in front of the mountain is a threat to Nightcrawler. This is a smooth wave, and you can imagine Nightcrawler's anxiety. With this wave, the conclusion is even more powerful. "The old road turned to a stream, and suddenly I saw it" is an inverted sentence, which shows the surprise of "suddenly seeing it". I was worried about the rain, walking through the stream head and turning the road, when I suddenly saw her resting in the thatched shop by the forest. The happiness at this time can be compared with the two poems that "there is no way to recover, and there is another village" (Lu You's "Traveling to Shanxi Village"). The original title of the poem is "Huangsha Road at Night". The first six of the first eight sentences are all about scenery, and only the last two sentences show that someone is walking at night. These two sentences played a role in reflecting the whole song, so every sentence was written at night. Hide the front first, hit the nail on the head at the end, and make the finishing touch at the end. This skill is worth learning.
This word has a vivid and concrete atmosphere (usually called scenery), expressing a sense of intimacy and interest (usually referred to as goodwill for short). This whole scene blending is an artistic image. The strength of artistic image lies not in the number of plots used, but in whether those plots are typical and can be used as analogies to extend around and go deep into the deepest part of real life. If we can do this, it will be endless. When we say that China's poetic language is concise, we mean this broad representativeness and rich suggestibility.