Lu Sidao (531-583 AD) was named Zixing. A native of Fan Yang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). When he was young, he studied under Xing Shao (also known as Zicai), one of the "Three Talents of the Northern Dynasties". His talent and learning were more important than those of his time, and he served as an official in the Northern Qi Dynasty. When King Xuan of Qi died, the courtiers each composed 10 elegy, and they chose the good ones to use. Eight out of ten they were thought of, and they were called "Bami Lulang" at that time. At the end of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the imperial edict was issued to Wenlin Hall. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Qi Dynasty, he entered Chang'an and became a minister of Sanqi. The main literary activities in his life were in the Northern Dynasties. Lu Sidao's poem about joining the army
Lu Sidao was considered a great scribe in the Sui Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty. The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 AD and fell in 618 AD. The full calculation lasted for 39 years. During this period, there were only three generations of kings: Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian, Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty, and Emperor Gong of Sui Dynasty Yang You. In fact, the only two people in power are Yang Jian and Yang Guang, and Yang You is just in name. In terms of length of reign, Yang Jian was the longest, with 24 years in office; Yang Guang was second, with 13 years in office. Yang You's ability to serve as emperor for six months was entirely a result of a trap set up by Li Yuan, the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty. Yang Youben was the grandson of Yang Guang, born in 604 AD. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the warlords were separatist, the people were in dire straits, and civil strife broke out. Li Yuan took advantage of the chaos and occupied Chang'an in October 617. He cleverly carried out the strategy of "coercing the emperor to order the princes", and in November he raised 13-year-old Yang You to the throne. Respect Yang Guang as the Supreme Emperor. In March 618 AD, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty died in a mutiny. In May of the same year, the news reached Chang'an. Li Yuan had no scruples about the Yang Sui Dynasty and forced Yang You to abdicate and proclaim himself emperor. The land of China was then replaced by Li Yuan. The king's title of Tang Dynasty. Speaking of which, some people who claim to be kings and emperors are really ruthless. Although the fourteen-year-old Yang You was promoted to the throne, he was just a child. Even so, it was impossible to escape the "catastrophe of destiny" during that period. In May 619 AD, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, who had officially ascended the throne, finally sent someone to kill Yang You. Yang You was only 15 years old this year. Although the Sui Dynasty was short, several epoch-making contributions were indispensable. First, the division of north and south China was eliminated and the unified Sui Dynasty was established. Second, effective official reform was implemented. The feudal central government system that lasted for thousands of years began with the "three provinces (Shangshu Province, Neishi Province, and Menxia Province) and six ministries (Ministry of Officials, Ministry of Rites, Ministry of War, Ministry of Punishment, Ministry of Civil Affairs, and Ministry of Industry)" created by the Sui Dynasty. In today's terms, It can be regarded as a kind of "reform in the cadre system"! The third is to pioneer the imperial examination system and use examinations to recruit officials, which reduces errors in assessment and appointment, especially reducing a lot of man-made corruption. This item counts as "system reform in the assessment, appointment and removal of cadre systems." Fourth, it took five years to build the Grand Canal, which runs more than 4,000 miles from north to south, playing an important role in facilitating transportation and prospering the economy.
In such a short-lived dynasty with both merits and demerits, praise and blame, how did Lu Sidao cope with worldly affairs and show his literary talent? In fact, although Lu Sidao finally served and died in the Sui Dynasty, this was only the last three or five years of his 52-year-old life, and most of his life he served in the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. This special experience of his may be the interpretation of why he wrote this song "March on the Military March". Reading history shows that the last years of the Northern Dynasties were an era of constant war and grievances. As a conscientious feudal bureaucrat and literati, he should realistically reflect the people's miserable wishes for peace and safety, but he could not and did not dare to ridicule The war at that time can only be expressed by describing and commenting on the frontier wars of the Han Dynasty to express the hope for peace and stability. He hoped that the national reconciliation in the Han Dynasty would last forever, and that the tragedy of generals taking credit for war would never happen again. Wanting peace rather than war, stability rather than turmoil has become the main theme of the poet "Walking in the Army". It’s no wonder that some poetry reviews in the past have called “Military March” an anti-war poem.
"On the Military March" is an ancient Yuefu title with a total poem of 28 lines. This poem has good conception and new sentence structure. It is a masterpiece among seven-character Yuefu poems and is also known as Lu Sidao's representative work. The original poem is: "The beacon fire in Shuofang shines on the sweet spring, and the flying generals from Chang'an leave Qilian. The son of a good family in Xiqu has a jade sword, and the young knight with a white horse and gold guard. In the right land of Yanyue in the bright and early evening, the fish and beauties chase Zuo Xian at dusk. In the valley, the stone tiger sutra holds an arrow, The golden man on the mountain once worshiped the sky. The end of the world is gone, and the Jimen is three thousand miles away. Looking to the west, the clouds are rising in the dragon city, but the soldiers outside the wall have not yet returned. The white snow has just begun to fall outside the Tianshan Mountains, and the floating clouds are rising up to the five plains. Who can sit in front of the beautiful moon? Spring never stops. The wind blows across the water, and the returning geese are reflected in the sky. The army marches out of Longting. Now that Shanyu Weiqiao has been worshipped, where can the general find fame? "The general meaning of this poem is : The flames of war in the northern frontier have shone on Ganquan Mountain, the former home of the Qin and Han Dynasties. It seems that flying generals like Li Guang left Chang'an and then left the Qilian Mountain Pass. The soldiers holding rhinoceros skin shields and ice jade swords are all conscripted sons of good families, and those riding white horses and holding golden reins are all chivalrous young men. From early morning, they set up the "Yan Yue" formation at the frontier fortress, and when night approached, they used the "Fish Li" formation to defeat the officials of Zuo Xian who drove away the Huns. In the valleys where the battles have taken place, there are stories of Li Guang's infinite power, such as using stones as tiger arrows to pierce the rocks. On the mountains, there are legends of Han general Huo Qubing disarming the enemy's paraphernalia for worshiping heaven after defeating the enemy. The war was as endless as the end of the world, and the battlefield was three thousand miles away from Jimen (today's north of Beijing). What I saw in the morning was the rolling yellow sand at Maling Pass, and what I saw in the evening was the clouds of military formations at the King's Court of the Huns. (Before the expedition left) The beautiful trees planted in the courtyard have grown to the size of people, but their relatives who fought outside the Great Wall have not yet returned.
My heart follows my husband as far away as the Tianshan Mountains in central Xinjiang, and like floating clouds as far as Wuyuan City in western Inner Mongolia. And the mountains and passes thousands of miles away are impassable. How can we cope with the clear moonlight alone under the fragrance of flowers? The time after separation flies by like running water and makes people feel heartbroken. The hard battle and cold outside the Great Wall have repeatedly injured the bones of the war horses. The solar terms and phenology outside the Great Wall are very different from those in the mainland. Winter and autumn are long and spring is short. The ever-changing breeze can still accompany the river crossing, and the geese returning south can also continue to pass towards the horizon according to time. He left the army and went on an expedition thousands of miles away from the imperial city. Thinking about the fact that Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty in Weiqiao met the Xiongnu Chanyu and made peace and stopped fighting (this happened in 51 BC), where would the generals who wanted to fight but could not go to fight to win glory? The characteristics of Yuefu poems are that they are popular and straightforward, often full of folk song meanings, and they are easy to read and catchy. Obviously, the theme part of the whole poem is divided into three levels. From the beginning to the 12th sentence, "Looking west to the dragon city formation with clouds rising", it describes the war in the Han Dynasty; from the 13th sentence to the 24th sentence, "The returning geese reflect the sky one after another". The most important thing is that the family misses Zhengren. The last four sentences express the poet's position, attitude and feelings about war and peace by chanting the war in Han Dynasty. Playing and telling stories
Lu Sidao, a native of Fanyang in the early Sui Dynasty, was a native of Zhuozhou, Baoding City today, and was a fellow villager of Liu Bei. Speaking of which, he is probably the most qualified scholar in ancient China to receive the Guinness Award for "Most Officials". He first joined the army as Sikong Xing, served as chief minister and minister of foreign Sanqi, and went directly to the Secretariat of the Central Government; then he served as the Prime Minister's Xige Jijiu, served as the prince's minister and Situ Lushi and joined the army; a few years later, he resumed his duties as the governor of the capital and served as the chief guest. , I was given a job by Huangmen Shilang and waited for the imperial edict at Wenlin Hall. After Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty pacified the Northern Qi Dynasty, he was awarded the title of "Tongsansi". Later, in addition to being the chief sergeant, he moved to Wuyang to be the prefect. In his later years, Lu Sidao resigned and was recruited to work as an envoy in the suburbs. He finally died as a minister of Sanqi. , according to the internal history, the minister was appointed. From this point of view, just because of his overwhelming advantages in having so many official positions (although they are all minor officials) and being transferred frequently (although they are all at the same level), he is indeed the best candidate to win the award. So what was the reason that led to his lifelong failure to achieve his goals, and his life of wandering around and sinking into subordinates? Mainly because of his extreme stubbornness and arrogance in his character. Lu Sidao has been smart, eloquent, free and uninhibited since he was a child, but when he was sixteen years old, he encountered the first big bad luck in his life. One day, he met Liu Song, a native of Zhongshan, by a mountain stream. Liu Song was a man who worked at engraving inscriptions. When he saw Lu Sidao squinting at him and looking at him with his hands behind his back, he decided to ridicule him, so Liu Song He casually pointed to an engraved inscription and said to Lu Sidao: "Can you understand it, boy?" Lu Sidao held it up and stared at it for a long time but couldn't figure out what was going on. Then he walked away without saying a word with his head lowered. Of course, Liu Song's laughter came from behind. From then on, Lu Sidao closed the door and studied hard, and became a disciple of Xing Shao, a famous poet at that time. As expected, within a few years, he made great progress in knowledge and became proficient in philosophy.
Well, when the story ends here, all readers will naturally think of Han Xin, who dominated the Han Dynasty for four hundred years. Han Xin tolerated the people in the market with the attitude of "a man must be patient" He did not care about the humiliation of his crotch. Later, he showed his talents and assisted the great ancestor Liu Bang to conquer the four seas and pacify the world. He also supported his troops and became the king, dominated one side and accomplished great things. After returning home, Han Xin personally found the scoundrel who had humiliated him. Instead of punishing him, he gave him a large sum of money. Han Xin's behavior of repaying evil with kindness has been admired by people for thousands of years and became a full interpretation of "knowing shame". A good story about the spirit of "then be brave". But having said that, it would be a big mistake for readers to judge Lu Sidao with Han Xin's eyes, because what our brother did next will make everyone unbelievable.
After Lu Sidao returned from studying poetry and books, the first thing he did was to use all his talents to write a colorful article. The next step was to write a colorful article in the first chapter. Within a short time, he found the Liu Song who had broken his heart but now looked innocent. He threw the article in front of Liu Song and said, "Read it!" Now it was poor Liu Song's turn to be unlucky. Liu Song Song picked up the article from the ground with trembling hands, read it hard with his big head, and then shook his head, "Can't understand..." "Can't understand?" Lu Sidao let out a long sigh (it is recorded in the history books that He sighed and said, "This action is worth savoring." He said, "My study in the past few years is still useful. Is it a waste of time?" (Learning is useful, but it is not in vain.) Studying is certainly not a waste. Time, the implication of this sentence is that the reason why I, Lu Sidao, have been studying hard these past few years is not for anything else, but to avenge you, Liu Song, for the insults you made back then! Career In Tianbaozhong of the Northern Qi Dynasty (554), when Lu Sidao was 20 years old, he was recommended to the imperial court by Zuo Pushe Yang Zunyan. He joined the Sikong Mansion and joined the military. He also served as a minister of foreign cavalry (a minister who accompanied the emperor on horseback and in a carriage). Because of leaking confidential information, he was demoted to the prime minister's residence Xihe Jijiu. Later, he successively served as the prince's minister, the Situ Mansion's recorder and the army, the chief secretary of the capital, and the minister of Huangmen, waiting for the imperial edict of Wenlin Hall. In the seventh year of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (577), Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty Yuwen Yong destroyed Qi Dynasty and retained him in the court, granting him the title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi (equivalent to the first level of prime minister). Four years later, Yang Jianjiang, the Duke of the Sui Dynasty of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, replaced the Zhou Dynasty with the Sui Dynasty. Lu Sidao relied on his talent, but was bullied and slandered, and his official career was stagnant. Although he came back a year later and was sent as an envoy to the state of Chen, he encountered worries about his mother and had to observe mourning for three years. He came back again and was still the minister of Sanqi, doing the affairs of the minister of internal history. Soon after, he died in the capital at the age of 52.
The year of his death is said to be the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty, that is, 586 AD. He was a student of Xing Shao, one of the "Three Talents of the Northern Dynasties". It had a literary name during the Tianbao period of the Northern Qi Dynasty. His poems are longer than seven characters, good at using allusions, with neat dialogues, full of momentum, and fluent language. He was the pioneer of seven-character songs in the early Tang Dynasty and had a higher status in the late Northern Dynasties and early Sui Dynasty. His representative works include "Listening to the Singing Cicada" and "Walking in the Army". The most famous text is "Lao Sheng Lun", which is known as the most important work in the Northern Dynasties. He also has historical treatises such as "On the Rise and Fall of the Northern Qi Dynasty" and "On the Rise and Fall of the Northern Zhou Dynasty". A collection of 30 volumes has been lost. This is the first volume of "Lu Wuyang Collection". "Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" contains 27 of his poems, and "Quan Sui Prose" contains more than 10 of his articles. Introduction
Lu Sidao (about 531-582 or 535-586) was a poet of the Sui Dynasty. Zi Zixing. A native of Fanyang (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). During the Northern Qi Dynasty, he served as the minister of Huangmen. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was promoted to the third division of Yitong and moved to Wuyang as the prefect. After entering the Sui Dynasty, he became an official and became a minister of cavalry. Aged 52. The year of his death is said to be the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty, that is, 586 AD.
Lu Sidao was a student of Xing Shao, one of the "Three Talents of the Northern Dynasties". During the Tianbao period of the Northern Qi Dynasty, he was famous for his articles. After the death of Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the scribes of the dynasty each composed 10 elegy, choosing which ones to put to good use. Wei Shou, Zu Xiaozheng and others only got one or two poems, but Lu Sixidao got 8 poems, so he was called "Bami Lulang" at that time.
Lu Sidao's poems are longer than seven words, with neat dialogues, good use of allusions, full of momentum, and fluent language. They are the forerunners of seven-word songs in the early Tang Dynasty and had a high status in the late Northern Dynasties and early Sui Dynasty. The representative work "The Ming Cicada" expresses the homesickness of the visitors and satirizes the "prosperous and frivolous" life of Chang'an dignitaries. The lyrics are clear and profound, and were praised by Yu Xin. "On the Military March" describes the farewell mood of a soldier who misses his wife and satirizes the general's request for merit and reward, which is a better frontier fortress poem. Lu Sidao's most famous article is "Lao Sheng Lun", which vividly and vividly exposes the ugly behavior of the partisans in the official circles of the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. It was praised by the modern Qian Zhongshu as the most important work of Northern Dynasties literature. He also has historical treatises such as "On the Rise and Fall of the Northern Qi Dynasty" and "On the Rise and Fall of the Later Zhou Dynasty". Through personal experience, he also has insight into the reasons for the demise of the second generation. Comments
Throughout his life, Lu Sidao was clever, eloquent, and unruly; he had no integrity and was fond of insulting others. Therefore, his official career was not smooth, but his articles and poems were extraordinary. His masterpiece "Listening to the Singing Cicada" expresses the nostalgia of "listening to others for a while and your heart will break, and then you will shed tears when you hear the guests". It also satirizes the life of the Chang'an dignitaries who "have great wealth and fame, but are prosperous, frivolous and worry-free". The meaning of the words is clear and clear, which is valued by people of the time. His "Walking in the Army" is undoubtedly a masterpiece of ancient frontier fortress poetry. "The end of the world is endless, and this door is three thousand miles away." The sorrow of separation from a missing woman. His most famous article is "Lao Sheng Lun", which exposed the ugly behavior of the partisans in the officialdom of the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. It is quite vivid and vivid: "Those who do this are all well-dressed nobles, or have artistic skills, are not shameless, benevolent, and fearless." Unjust, shameful friends, don't be ashamed of your wife. On the outside, you have a handsome appearance, but inside you have a hundred hearts. Yao (preposition: interpreted as "自") is a green and purple man, in Dianjun, Muzhou, with a crown and a cap that robs people, and is thick. Self-proclaimed colonizer. He sings and dances, rows of cauldrons and bells, his ears are tired of silk and tung trees, and his mouth is full of truth. Literary writer Qian Zhongshu praised it as: the masterpiece of articles in the Northern Dynasties. Unofficial anecdotes Lu Sidao of the Northern Qi Dynasty went to Nanchen as an envoy. The king of Nanchen asked the dignitaries of the Manchu Dynasty to have a banquet and drink with Lu Sidao. At the banquet, Nanchen Guojun proposed to write poems in couplets. A minister from Nanchen read out a sentence first, taking the opportunity to ridicule the northerners. This poem is: The elm is born and the man is full, and the grass is growing and the donkey is fat. Because people in the north use elm money, elm leaves and bark powder to make noodles and eat them together, while Wu Chi in the south does not raise donkeys, so this poem is connected. After Lu Sidao heard this, he took up his pen and wrote a poem: rice is cooked in separate steamers, and fish are cooked in the same pan. Because southerners are ruthless and stingy, they cook on the same stove but everyone eats their own food, so Lu Sidao linked this poem. The people from Wu sitting there felt very embarrassed after hearing this couplet. Another time, Du Taiqing, a native of the Kyoto area, played a gambling game with Cui Wei, a native of Qinghe who joined the army, and agreed to only bet on a pheasant by throwing ten pieces. Lu Sidao said on the side: "It only takes one pheasant to cover Chengdu (note: this refers to Chengdu in Shu)!" Cui Wei once said to Lu Sidao: "The thunder was very loud last night, but I slept so hard that I couldn't sleep at all." I don't know." Lu Sidao said jokingly: "Such a loud thunder did not wake up a hibernating insect like you!" Lu Shuhu, a native of Fanyang, the prince, had ten sons, and the eldest was the most talented. Lu Sidao said to people: "My cousin has ten sons, but none of them can keep up with the beasts." Lu Shuhu was the grandson of Lu Zhongze, the king of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Xin Deyuan, a Longxi native who served Sanqi, said to Lu Sidao: "Yesterday I wrote a poem chanting about the old lady of the Qiang people. I thought about it for a day and only came up with one sentence: "The black scarf is hanging on the shoulder socket. ", is a misspelling of "帔".). Lu Sidao took over and said, "Why not write yellow ornaments next and insert them on your forehead." Lu Sidao once said to Feng Xiaoqian, a Bohai native of Tongzhilang, "Since your surname is Feng, you are probably a descendant of Big Pig." Feng Xiaoqian He replied: "Since your surname is Lu, you must be a descendant of the black dog." (Translated from "Tan Sou") Style of work Lu Sidao's poems can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and Yuefu, and the styles are also very different.
Most of the Yuefu poems imitated the erotic poems of the Southern Dynasty, and were obviously influenced by the gorgeous and charming poems of the Southern Qi Dynasty. However, "On the Military March" changed the traditional five-character short poem into a seven-character long poem, combining the lovesickness and parting of the soldiers and the long-term war. Life is combined together, the soft and graceful mood is blended into the strong and handsome momentum, the contrasts are neat, the allusions are appropriate, and the literary styles of the north and the south are better integrated. Most of the ancient poems are about farewells, entertainment, and chanting things. The content is not very new, but they are good at finding a strange and fascinating mood from the green and distant scenery; "Listening to the Chanting of Cicadas" uses the mournful cry of cicadas to correspond to the mournful cries of wanderers. The nobility of the cicada is used to contrast the vulgarity of the world, express the author's desire to be born, and create a writing method for later generations to chant things and express emotions in long essays. Lu Sidao's poetry had a great influence on the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty. The collection of Lu Wuyang is preserved today. Lu Sidao's poem Shuofang beacon fire shines on the sweet spring, Chang'an will fly out of Qilian. Xiqu is a son of a good family with a jade sword, and a young man with a white horse and a golden guard. In the bright moon of the day, I am stationed on the right side of the village. At dusk, the fish and the beautiful fish chase the virtuous man on the left. In the valley, a stone tiger holds an arrow, and on the mountain, a golden man once offered sacrifices to heaven. As soon as the end of the world goes to the end of the world, this door is three thousand miles away. In the morning, you can see the yellow sand and yellow sands of Maling. In the evening, you can see the clouds rising in the formation of Dragon City. The strange trees in the courtyard are already worth climbing, but the soldiers outside the fortress have not yet returned. The white clouds have just begun to descend outside the Tianshan Mountains, and the floating clouds are heading straight towards Wuyuan. The mountain is insurmountable for thousands of miles, who can sit facing Fang Fei Yue. Running water breaks people's intestines on its own, but hard ice hurts horse bones. The side courtyard is full of different objects and flowers, and the frost in winter and autumn never stops. The long wind blows across the water, and the returning geese reflect in the sky one after another. After joining the army, the army marched thousands of miles and came out of Longting. Now Shan Yu has worshiped at Wei Bridge. Where can the general find fame? ——Lu Sidao, Sui Dynasty, "Conong Jun Xing"
Conscript Jun Xing
Sui Dynasty: Lu Sidao The beacon fire in Shuofang shines on the sweet spring, and the Chang'an flying generals leave Qilian.
Xiqu Jade Sword is the son of a good family, and he is a young man with a white horse and a golden guard.
In the bright moon, I am stationed on the right side of the village, and in the dusk, the fish and the beautiful fish chase the wise man on the left.
In the valley, a stone tiger holds an arrow, and on the mountain a golden man once offered sacrifices to heaven.
As soon as the end of the world is gone, the door is three thousand miles away.
See the yellow sands of Maling in the morning, and watch the clouds rise in the formation of Dragon City in the evening.
The strange trees in the courtyard are already worth climbing, but the soldiers outside the fortress have not yet returned.
The white clouds have just begun to descend outside the Tianshan Mountains, and the floating clouds are heading straight towards Wuyuan.
The mountain is insurmountable, but who can sit facing Fang Fei Yue?
Running water breaks people's intestines on its own, but hard ice hurts horse bones.
The side courtyard is full of different objects and flowers, and the frost in winter and autumn never stops.
The long wind blows across the water, and the returning geese reflect in the sky one after another.
After joining the army, the army marched thousands of miles out of Longting. Chanyu Wei Bridge has now been worshipped. Where can the general find fame?
▲ Yuefu, frontier fortress, military, life lovesickness