Teaching material analysis and Reflection on the Lecture Notes of Hou Chi Bi Fu (1)
1, oral teaching material
This is a classic essay combining parallel prose with prose. Therefore, it has the beauty of rhyme, but it has more outstanding features: short and pithy essays, which focus on the complicated and contradictory thoughts and feelings reflected by the author through the text, which is just difficult for students to grasp, especially in the end, which is the difficulty of teaching an article, and it is nothing more than grasping the expression skills and thoughts and feelings, so I should stick to the text when analyzing the text. Grasp the words and expressions in the text to interpret the author's thoughts and feelings, and even have a * * * with the author. There are such requirements in the new curriculum standard: we should devote ourselves to improving students' Chinese literacy and comprehensive ability, pay attention to accumulation, perception and edification, and pay attention to the cultivation of Chinese application ability and language sense. Therefore, I designed the teaching focus of this course to grasp the changes and reasons of the author's feelings through reading, pay attention to cultivating students' appreciation ability, and take a Taoist crane with obscure meaning as the teaching difficulty.
2. Teaching ideas and concepts
The teaching idea of teaching this course is: autonomous learning before class, overall perception-classroom analysis and exploration-expansion and extension.
(1) Self-study before class This paper is short and pithy, so it is not too difficult to understand the superficial meaning of the text. It is planned to finish a class, so students should use the reference materials in the exercise book to dredge the meaning of the text and master some function words and real words in the text. Because the accumulation of function words and content words in classical Chinese teaching can't be ignored, a classroom quiz should be conducted before class to check the situation of students' self-study, which can urge students to preview and know the situation of students in time.
(2) The imported design is the familiar history of Su Shi's demotion to Huangzhou. So I don't need to elaborate on the background information of the undergraduate course. This paper briefly reviews the writing background of Qian Chi Bi Fu and the emotional changes of the author's "Music-Sadness-Music", and puts forward the question: Three months later, Su Shi revisited Chibi and faced the scene before him. So as to introduce new courses.
(3) The design of questions is very important for the breakthrough of important and difficult points. If a large number of questions are designed, it will easily become a full-fledged question type, which will not only dismember the text, hinder students' overall grasp of the text, but also confuse students. Therefore, according to the set teaching objectives, it is clear that this paper mainly solves two problems: the complexity of the author's thoughts and feelings and the implication of Taoist cranes. Based on this, I designed two questions: 1 What happened to the author's feelings? Find out the words that express the author's feelings in the text and understand how feelings change. 2. Why did the author write the last paragraph after the play? What does this paragraph say? Does it mean anything? By solving these two problems, the learning goal of this lesson has been achieved.
Students may be "stuck" when analyzing the article to discuss the above two issues, so when discussing these two issues, I designed several small questions to guide students to understand the text. Teachers handled these problems flexibly in the classroom, and mastered the students' analysis, and put forward these problems in a timely and appropriate manner, as follows:
(1) What does the author like before swimming?
② Why did the author feel sad when he visited Chibi? (Combined with Su Shi's noun "operator", "Who sees you alone? Vaguely lonely, I started but turned back. I hate that no one can save all the cold branches and refuse to live. "Lonely sandbar is cold" and "You Shan" say "If you are close, there will be more tourists; The risk is far away, but less comes ")
(3) On the contrary, "let it go and listen to it" when boarding the ship reflects the author's mood? (Combined with "Former Red Cliff Fu"
In the middle, "a reed is like a reed, at a loss")
(1) Why write cranes instead of other birds?
(2) The Taoist turned into a crane in his dream, and the Taoist finally disappeared. Is there an emotional connection with "letting go of listening to the stream"?
(The first three small questions come from the first question, and the last three small questions correspond to the second question. )
(4) Expand and extend: read Su Shi's works in the same period, grasp some words to understand the author's thoughts and feelings, analyze the author's feelings and images in Dingfengbo, and review Xijiangyue, Huanxisha, Night Travel with Poems Coming to Heaven and Jiangchengzi. Hunting in Mizhou, Nostalgia on Red Cliff and other works, compare the author's different moods and reasons when writing Fu on the Back of Red Cliff)
Besides, reading aloud can't be ignored. At the same time, we should feel the author's thoughts and feelings by reading aloud. There are many forms of reading in the whole class: reading with recorded music, reading freely, reading individually and reading together. Students are introduced into the situation and then read freely. As for individual reading and reading together, I design it to be interspersed freely in the teaching process.
teaching process
First, check the preview and implement the key words.
Second, import.
Third, read aloud.
A) Listen to the model essay and experience the beauty of prose rhythm.
B) read freely and feel the author's emotional changes.
Fourth, analysis and exploration.
1. What changes have taken place in the author's feelings? Find out the words and expressions that express the author's emotions in the text and understand how the emotions change.
The play is over. Why did the author write the last paragraph? What does this paragraph say? What's the point?
These two problems were discussed one by one. Students speak freely, the teacher guides students to ask appropriate questions, guides students to interpret the author closely in combination with the text, and helps students understand related poems after class.
Extension extension
1, read Ding Fengbo &; 8226; Don't listen to the sound of knocking leaves through the forest
What kind of image do you see of the poet through this word?
Reference: Whistling and walking, leaning on bamboo poles, wearing sandals, facing the wind and rain, not afraid of difficulties, calm and calm, broad-minded and optimistic image, linking the thoughts and feelings revealed in "the breeze on the river, the bright moon in the mountains, endless colors, is the endless treasure of the creator"
2. Read Xijiang Moon &; 8226; Qinghuangzhou and Huanxisha &; 8226; Qingquan Temple Tour "and" Teana Night Tour "
All the above works were made by Su Shi during his relegation to Huangzhou. This paper briefly analyzes the author's thoughts and feelings in his works, and makes a comparison with Hou Chibi Fu. What are the emotional differences? What are the reasons?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
On the surface, the full text is about the joys and sorrows of traveling in Chibi. In fact, it is a tortuous way to vent his depressed life, and it is also a vivid interpretation of his philosophy of life and contradictory thoughts. From the text, we can feel the author's helplessness to reality and confusion about the future, and we can also feel Su Shi's carefree mentality and broad-minded and cheerful mind.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1. Finish Exercise 4 and face-to-face exercises with famous teachers after class.
2. It is suggested to read the rest of Su Dongpo's Breakthrough, so as to get closer to the author and understand the poet's inner world.
blackboard-writing design
Houchibi mansion
Emotional clues: joy-sadness, fear-?
Crane: noble and elegant, extraordinary and refined, hermit style.
A Taoist becomes a crane in a dream-pursuing transcendence (Taoism)
"Laughter" and "Enlightenment" (Zen)
Missing: 1, separated
2. Confusion (Confucianism)
An empty life is like a dream.
Summary after class
Recently, the city's teaching and research activities have promoted the heterogeneous teaching method in the same class. Our senior two preparation group also tried to implement heterogeneous teaching in the preparation group when preparing lessons collectively. Teach the members of the preparation group of Houchibi Fu to study the textbook together, design a lesson plan for * * *, agree on the important and difficult points of the text and the basic steps of teaching, and then each teacher will modify and form his own case according to the students' situation in his own teaching class. For example, teacher Yu Liyuan taught a key liberal arts class. The students have a good foundation in Chinese, while Mr. Wei Li teaches science classes. Students' foundation is relatively weak and their interest in Chinese is not high. They are all appropriately modified according to the actual situation of their own students, each with its own characteristics.
Both teachers have highlighted the role of reading in the study of classical Chinese, so that students can experience the changes of the author's thoughts and feelings in reading. Teacher Wei's class pays attention to the implementation of student foundation. Just from a word quiz before class, we can see her careful choice of words. Choose students to answer questions and project comments in class, and give timely feedback. At the same time, the important and difficult points are also in place. For example, in understanding the image of crane, she mobilized students' original knowledge reserves and made a comparative understanding, so that students could understand the author's feelings more deeply. Teacher Yu pays attention to setting questions, expanding and deepening, guiding students to think and learn the text with questions, and pushing forward the difficulties one by one. Although the guidance forms and teaching methods for students are different, both teachers have completed the difficulties in teaching.
This is also a preliminary attempt to practice in the same class after learning the heterogeneous teaching method.
After "Fu on the Red Wall", lecture 2 I. Talking about teaching materials
1 teaching material analysis
Fu Bi in Houchi is a classic essay combining parallel prose with prose, and it is the basic reading item in Unit 4 of Selected Prose of Tang and Song Dynasties. How to appreciate this text better, that is, try to figure out the artistic conception, feel the emotion and explore the reason, has become a focus of this unit teaching. The sentence pattern of this poem is relatively neat, and reading is the best way to appreciate the beauty of language rhythm and grasp emotions. Therefore, the teaching focus of this course is to grasp the author's emotional changes through reading and cultivate students' appreciation level, which also reflects the requirements of the new curriculum standard "to improve students' Chinese literacy and comprehensive ability, pay attention to accumulation, perception and edification, and pay attention to the cultivation of Chinese application ability and language sense". "At the end of the article, the theme expressed by the story of the road flyover crane is obscure and difficult for students to understand, so it is the teaching difficulty of this course.
Judging from the goal of emotion, attitude and values, this article was written by Su Shi in the most difficult period of his life. The calm and philosophical attitude in the face of setbacks in the article is of great educational significance to today's middle school students. Therefore, this article can guide students and cultivate their optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life. In view of the above teaching material analysis, establish the following three teaching objectives:
2 teaching objectives:
(A) student analysis
After studying classical Chinese in the first three units, students have accumulated some intuitive experience in important notional words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese, and their ability to read classical Chinese independently has a certain foundation. Therefore, at this stage, students have the following three needs in the learning process of classical Chinese:
1. Continue to accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese.
2. Gradually shift the focus to the level of "appreciation".
3. Try the research study of classical Chinese reading.
(2) Target determination
According to the above analysis of teaching materials and students, the following three levels of teaching objectives have been established:
Knowledge and ability: Understand Fu's relevant knowledge; Accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese, read the text and grasp the content of the text as a whole.
Process and method: Appreciate the beautiful language in the text repeatedly to improve the language perception ability; Knowing people and discussing the world; Compared with other works created by the author at the same time, we can deeply understand the complex emotions and profound connotations contained in the article.
Emotional attitude and values: understand Su Shi's thoughts, learn from the open-minded and optimistic spirit of the ancients, and improve your life realm.
(3) Teaching emphasis:
The accumulation of notional words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese; Grasp the ideological content of the article as a whole; Understand the characteristics of the unity of situation, emotion and reason in this paper; Recite on the basis of full mastery and appreciation.
Teaching difficulties:
In-depth analysis of the philosophy contained in the article, how to understand the moral of Taoist cranes at the end of the article. And make an evaluation to stimulate students' spirit of inquiry.
Solution:
1. Introduce the author's life experience related to the text, and combine the word "Erfu" to understand it, so as to know people and discuss the world and deeply grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. Read the text repeatedly and experience the beauty of the language and artistic conception of the article.
(5) Teaching steps: three class hours.
Second, talk about teaching methods and learning methods.
1, general idea: from reading to learning; From the overall perception-depth evaluation; Starting from the perceptual-rational principle
2. In the first class, students should listen and watch more by using multimedia, and at the same time, they should read the whole perception repeatedly with emotion, and accumulate and master the content of the article by asking questions and communicating.
3. In the second class, teachers design questions to stimulate students' enthusiasm for independent inquiry, students discuss and deeply analyze the connotation of the article, and use the methods of "comparative reading" and "knowing others and discussing the world" to carry out research-based learning.
4. In the third class, explore, discuss and understand the meaning of Taoist cranes at the end of the text. This extends the traditional meaning of animal images in classical poetry.
5. Make rational use of learning plans and multimedia, create an atmosphere, expand classroom capacity and improve classroom efficiency.
Third, the teaching process
first kind
(1) import.
Su Shi's self-titled "Portrait of Jinshan" (the heart is as gray as a log, and the body is like a boat. Asked about Yu Yongsheng's achievements, this poem was introduced into the text. Let students understand the relationship between political gains and losses and literary creation, let students feel a real Su Shi, and better understand Su Shi's unique personality.
(2) Read the full text and feel the whole.
When reading aloud, pay attention to the changes of the author's feelings. Read aloud to understand the main content of the article. This link is designed because no matter how to appreciate an article, its premise is inseparable from the word "reading", which is an effective way to learn classical Chinese well and the basis for improving students' Chinese literacy. Make some flexible adjustments in reading methods. Teachers should demonstrate reading, first listen to the tape and then read by a student, a group and the whole class.
(3) Analyze the first paragraph.
1, read through the whole text, solve new words, and master the meanings of key content words and function words in the text.
2. Find out the sentences used flexibly in this paragraph.
3. Special sentence patterns in this paragraph
This link aims to make students understand that the essence of Chinese is surname "Yu", thus highlighting the instrumentality of Chinese and cultivating students' sentiment of loving their mother tongue. As for the specific meanings of words in the text, students can find out by themselves on the basis of familiar reading and combining with the text notes, and the teacher can make a little nudge.
(four) combined with notes, dredge the effect of the first paragraph. (completed by students' cooperation)
(5) Find out the sentences describing the scenery in the article and feel Su Shi's mood.
(6) assign homework.
Read the text and think about how the author's mood changes.
Second lesson
(1) Review old lessons, introduce new ones, and let students read the text together.
(2) Sort out the ideas of the article, master the key substantive words and function words, and grasp the author's emotional changes when he swims in Chibi at night.
(In the teaching of this link, we should embody the principle of combining the dominant position of teachers with the dominant position of students. According to this principle, the teacher gives a little guidance and puts forward representative questions related to the thinking of the article. )
(3) Projecting the pre-Chibi Fu, let the students find out the sentences describing the scenery of the pre-Chibi Fu and the post-Chibi Fu, and find out the differences.
Learning methods: Make a comparison with students from the aspects of travel mode, time sequence scenery, writing focus and author's mood, and understand why the author's mood has changed after three months.
The third category
(1) Review old lessons, introduce new ones, and let students read the text together.
(2) Sort out the ideas of the article, master the key real words and function words, and let the students know the general idea of the third paragraph.
(3) Focus on appreciating the sentences describing the scenery and the implication of Taoist cranes.
This teaching link is mainly designed to improve students' appreciation ability. On the basis of the instrumentality of Chinese, it also takes into account the humanity of Chinese, which also plays an important role in cultivating students' emotions and values. In the first and second paragraphs, there are sentences describing the scenery, and students may feel at a loss to appreciate these sentences. Teachers can let students appreciate the content and form, and they can also imagine developing paragraphs in prose language. It is also difficult for students to understand the original intention of the author's story about Taoist changing cranes. Students can say some idioms or idioms related to the word "crane" first, so as to extract the symbolic meaning of the crane. As for Taoists, what is the ultimate goal for students to know their occupation. Their ultimate goal is to pursue immortality and detachment, and these teachers only need to give instructions.
(4) Knowledge link: the traditional meaning of animal images in classical poetry.
The teaching of designing this link is mainly to let students accumulate the images of animals, so that they can learn China's classical poems and master this content in the future. I believe that students can answer better, faster and more accurately in the process of answering questions in the future.
(V) Summary of the full text:
This paper focuses on the changes of Su Shi's own feelings, from landscape to pleasure, to fish and wine, and then to revisiting Chibi. Be sad because of the scenery, scream with sadness, and be happy with it. The lonely crane in Crossing the River to the East leads to the dream of Taoist crane, thus implicitly expressing his desire to be beyond the world.
Blackboard design:
Have money and be happy
After ...
Sadness in red swimming
wall
award
Anxiety after swimming