Category: Society and people's livelihood
Problem description:
From the economic, political and cultural aspects! ! !
Analysis:
The social function and role of tea culture
Author/Source: Chinese Artwork Date: [1970-01-01]
Written by Cheng Qikun
Guohua tea culture is an important part of Chinese cultural education. It has a long history and rich connotations and plays a great role in the progress of social civilization and economic development. As we are about to enter the 21st century, how to further promote tea culture and play its positive role in the tea industry is also an important issue worthy of consideration.
1. Historical review
1. When talking about the discovery of tea, people will naturally think of the legend of Shennong tasting hundreds of herbs. However, taking tea as a beverage and a spiritual enjoyment, The real historical records should be counted from the Western Han Dynasty. In Wang Bao's "Children's Yue", "all the utensils for cooking tea" and the purchase of tea in Wuyang are recorded, which fully proves the formation of tea drinking customs and the existence of the tea market at that time. Chang Can of the Eastern Jin Dynasty recorded in "Huayang Guo Zhi. Ba Zhi" that many people in the Bashu region even gave tea as tribute. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it became a custom for some knowledgeable people to "use tea to nourish one's modesty". For example, Lu Na, the prefect of Wuxing in the Jin Dynasty, had developed the habit of only serving tea. This is perhaps the best example of this.
2. The Tang Dynasty was a relatively prosperous dynasty in history. Lu Yu's "Tea Path" systematically summarized the experience of tea production and drinking in the Tang Dynasty and before its development, and also proposed a tea ceremony that practiced thrift and morality. Spirit. Lu Yu and some of his contemporaries paid great attention to the spiritual enjoyment and moral norms of drinking tea, and they also paid great attention to tea drinking utensils and the art of making tea. It can be said that the Chinese tea ceremony and tea art emerged from this time. At that time, the folk custom of drinking tea everywhere, even the luxurious and grand royal tea banquets, as well as the tea poems, tea calligraphy and paintings of literati, were all concentrated expressions of the formation and development of tea culture.
3. In the Song Dynasty, tea production developed further, tea drinking became more popular, and the Jianzhou Longtuanfeng cake as a tribute was even more innovative. Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Zhao She, wrote "Daguan Tea Theory". He was the only emperor in Chinese history who personally wrote a tea book. Many literati who followed him also wrote poems and tea paintings. At the same time, the art of tea drinking has also developed further, the "tea ordering" technique has been further standardized, the "tea fighting" style has become popular, the Buddhist tea ceremony has flourished, and the tea drinking technique has also spread rapidly across the country and abroad with the spread of Buddhism.
4. Loose leaf tea developed rapidly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the structure of multiple tea categories gradually formed. The method of drinking tea also developed from ordering tea to making tea, and tea making utensils became more and more sophisticated and the craftsmanship was exquisite. Modern purple clay pots, tureens, porcelain tea sets, etc. also emerged. The custom of serving tea and entertaining guests with tea has become more popular. There are many teahouses in cities. It is common to use teahouses for leisure and business discussions. Teahouse culture and education have been developed.
2. The connotation, form and social function of Chinese tea culture
1. In the long history, the Chinese nation has continuously transformed nature to create material wealth, and also created a splendid The culture has made great contributions to the progress and development of mankind in the world, and its significance is far-reaching. Tea culture is an important part of Chinese cultural education. Its connotation is extremely rich, including all aspects of tea production and consumption and its impact on people’s spiritual life. In short, tea culture education is the most important part of Chinese cultural education. 袢PUв肷缁奥PUШ多芎定R虼袼 play? 淠谌谌荻? 宇?ú璧木? Trafficking ⒄傂⑾八荂管璧拉枰铡⒉枋椴杌?枋? real-term curtain? Escape? 2. The expression and existence of tea culture education include both material and spiritual forms. It is manifested in material form, such as historical tea relics, relics, tea books, tea paintings, various famous teas, teahouses, tea sets, tea singing and dancing, tea art performances, etc. It manifests itself in spiritual form, such as tea virtue, tea ceremony spirit, treating guests with tea, nourishing integrity with tea, nourishing character with tea, etc.
3. Since the connotation of tea culture is extremely rich, both material and spiritual, the social functions and roles played by Chinese tea culture in the process of development must also be multi-faceted. The relationship between traditional tea culture and people's social life has always been very close. Whether it is "tea with music, chess, calligraphy, painting and poetry" in the life of historical literati, or "tea with firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar" in the life of ordinary people, tea is indispensable. missing. With the development of tea culture into modern times, the social function of tea has become more prominent. There are roughly 21 important aspects: meeting friends with tea, socializing with tea, showing courtesy with tea, replacing wine with tea, promoting integrity with tea, expressing virtue with tea, Use tea as a model, use tea to nourish your nature, use tea as a matchmaker, use tea as a sacrifice, use tea as a Zen, use tea as a poem, use tea as a painting, use tea to sing and dance, use tea to perform arts, use tea to travel, use tea to cook, use tea to Tea is used for food, tea is used for banquets, tea is used for fitness, and tea is used for medicine.
Meeting friends with tea: It has always been a fine tradition of the Chinese nation to offer tea to guests. Meeting friends, drinking tea and telling stories, new and peaceful.
Socializing over tea: Various social activities are held in the form of tea parties, which are both solemn and lively.
Tea as a gift: When relatives and friends meet or interact with each other, no matter how solemn a high-level talk or important meeting is, having a cup of tea for each person shows a respectful etiquette. In modern society, those who take work as a gift appear noble.
Substituting tea for wine: From ancient times to the present, there are many people who use tea instead of wine. In modern interpersonal communication, it is indeed a noble move to advocate tea instead of wine.
Promoting integrity with tea: A cup of tea to show integrity is an important measure to oppose extravagance and waste and promote integrity.
Tea represents virtue: The spirit of Japan’s Sen no Rikyu tea ceremony is “harmony, respect and purity”. The Chinese tea virtue advocated by Mr. Zhuang Wanfang, a famous tea expert in contemporary Chinese tea culture, is “honesty, beauty and respect”.
Take tea as a model: Take the dedication of tea as a model, and advocate being an upright and honest "tea person".
Use tea to nourish the mind: From ancient times to the present, many literati have advocated the use of tea to cultivate the mind and improve people's moral standards.
Using tea as a matchmaker: Tea has been closely related to marriage in Chinese history. The tradition of using tea for marriage and using tea for weddings has been passed down to this day and has become a custom.
Tea sacrifices: Many Chinese folk funeral activities still have the habit of using tea as sacrifices.
Using tea as Zen: Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "tea is the only taste of Zen". Zen tea, ordinary tea, and serving tea in temple tea ceremonies are all important rituals for enlightenment through tea.
Writing poems with tea: Many poets in the past dynasties have written poems about tea, with a wide range of contents and various forms.
Painting with tea: There are many paintings and calligraphy depicting tea parties, cooking tea, drinking tea, etc. in the past dynasties, and they have high artistic value.
Tea singing and dancing: There are many lively and lively singing and dancing about tea picking and tea drinking.
Presenting art with tea: Tea art performances of various schools have appreciation value. The tea drinking customs of many tea types, regions and ethnic groups have strong appeal after being turned into art.
Tea tourism: Tea town tourism is a special tourism project in the modern tourism industry. It is a very popular combination of visiting famous mountains, visiting famous temples and drinking famous tea.
Cooking with tea: Many ethnic minority areas have the custom of cooking with fresh tea. In places where tea culture activities are frequent, the recipes of tea-based dishes are also rich and colorful.
Eating tea: Adding tea to food and beverages has gradually become popular. Tea chewing gum, tea cakes, tea noodles, tea wine, etc. have been accepted by people.
Banquets with tea: morning tea and night tea in various places, combining drinking tea with eating snacks, are universally welcomed.
Tea for fitness: Tea is known to have many effects on human health. Drinking tea for fitness is a personal experience of many tea drinkers.
Using tea to make medicine: Separating and extracting substances with medicinal functions in tea leaves to make medicines for preventing and treating diseases. This is a new contribution of tea to human health.
Based on the above-mentioned main social functions of tea, it can be considered that tea has a great impact on social life and social development. Its impact can be summarized as follows:
1. Tea party friends use tea to socialize, guests come to offer tea, and tea is used as a courtesy, advocating "harmony in Guiyang City", and the bimonthly publication further enhances friendship and regulates social interpersonal relationships.
2. Using tea instead of sprinkling, using tea to promote integrity, promoting tea ethics and the spirit of tea people, using tea to nourish nature can improve people's ideological level and promote the construction of social spiritual civilization.
3. Tea is the main mediator, tea is used as a sacrifice, and tea Zen is combined to give full play to the mediating role and spiritual sustenance role of tea.
4. Use tea to write poems and paintings, use tea to sing and dance, use tea to perform arts, and travel to tea towns, advocate elegant artistic enjoyment, and beautify people and life.
5. Cook with tea, eat with tea, hold banquets with tea, advocate tea as the national drink, and enrich people's dietary life.
6. Drink for fitness and use tea to make medicines to give full play to the health-care effects of tea and improve people's health.
7. Promote tea culture, promote social progress and the development of the tea industry in the 21st century.
The overall purpose of promoting tea culture is to contribute to the civilization and progress of human society. Specific to the tea industry itself, promoting tea culture should promote the development of the tea industry. Therefore, as we are about to enter the 21st century, the goal of promoting Chinese tea culture is to promote the growth of tea consumption, benefit human physical and mental health, and promote the construction of spiritual civilization. Focusing on this goal, the work that should be carried out now and at the beginning of the next century is mainly in the following aspects:
1. Excavate and organize tea historical materials and establish a treasure house of Chinese tea culture
Thousands Tea people of all ages have written books about the development history of tea. There are many accumulated historical materials on tea, including tea books, tea poems, tea calligraphy, tea paintings, tea songs and dances, tea historical documents, and local chronicles. The records of tea are very extensive. If efforts can be made to sort them out, it will be an important treasure trove of Chinese tea culture education and an important task that must be done to promote tea culture.
2. Discover and protect the historical relics of Chinese tea culture and education, and develop tea culture tourism
my country’s tea area is vast and has a long history, and tea-related resources need to be excavated and protected in various places. There are many historical relics, such as cliff carvings, buildings, ancient tombs, utensils, monuments, pavilions, wells, gardens, trees, etc. Everything that has preservation value should be protected and managed well. Moreover, where conditions permit, tea culture tourism can be developed in a supporting manner, which can not only expand publicity but also increase economic income.
3. Give full play to the publicity role of various media and popularize tea culture knowledge
Promoting tea culture should not be limited to small circles in the tea and cultural circles, but should use Widely publicized by various media, tea drinkers and consumers have continuously increased their knowledge of tea culture, thus promoting tea consumption.
4. Advocate the spirit of tea people and tea ethics and promote the construction of spiritual civilization
China’s tea people’s spirit and tea spirit should be summed up in one word or a few sentences , there is no unified statement yet. Lu Yu proposed "frugal virtue" and Zhuang Wanfang advocated "honesty, beauty and respect". The author once suggested and "reason, respect, purity and harmony". Although the formulations have different emphases, the basic spirit is the same. We should carry forward the spirit of these tea people and tea virtues, purify people's ideologies, improve moral standards, and promote the development of spiritual civilization.
5. Restoring and developing famous historical teas and enriching the tea product market
The work of restoring and developing famous historical teas has been widely carried out in various places. This work must be based on the laws of market economy. , do not pursue high-quality and sophisticated tea one-sidedly, do not only use single-bud tea, but should be oriented to mass consumption, create famous brands, and take high quality and high efficiency as the goal.
6. Train and standardize tea art and tea ceremony, and guide the healthy development of tea houses
China is a multi-ethnic country. Each ethnic group has different customs and habits, and the tea-drinking skills vary from place to place. At present, various teahouses and teahouses are springing up all over the country. Although the grades are different, they should all aim to meet the legitimate needs of various consumer groups. Therefore, consumers should be guided on how to brew a pot (cup) of tea scientifically. How to appreciate and drink it and give full play to the drinking value of tea is the focus of our work. As for the tea ceremony and tea art performance, as an art form, it can be standardized and retained, but we should not encourage everyone to drink tea slowly. The Chinese people have long followed the easy-going way of drinking tea, which is still the best way for the people.
7. Expand international tea culture exchange activities, enhance friendship, and promote the development of tea trade
Chinese tea culture is not only the traditional culture of the Chinese people, but also has a profound impact on world tea culture. Positive impact. Further expanding international tea culture and education exchange activities will help enhance friendship and promote the development of the cause of peace. It will also help more international friends understand China's diverse tea products and promote the development of international tea trade. 8. Strengthen scientific research on tea and health and promote tea consumption
People know that drinking tea is good for health. However, how much health-care function tea has, how to drink it correctly and scientifically to achieve the effect, different consumers have different physical conditions, how to choose tea, etc., all need to be strengthened in scientific research. Only by disseminating this scientific knowledge gained through research to ordinary consumers through various channels can tea consumption be truly promoted.
Chinese tea culture is extensive and profound, and giving full play to its functions and effects will surely promote the development of the tea industry, promote human civilization and progress, and make positive contributions to social development.