Answering methods and skills of narrative poems
Reading Liu Kezhuang's poem "People from the North" (two poems), A: What are the narrative characteristics of these two poems? Try to make a brief analysis.
Try to talk about things in Du Dong, which adds a lot of white hair.
The garden is full of stone horses and the temple is full of weeping bronze camels.
Hu is difficult for a long time, but Huang Lao is easy to listen to.
Desolate old Beijing girl, makeup bun still xuanhe ②.
Ten people walked together, and now they fly alone.
Hunger hoes wild temple food, poverty fragrant clothes.
The first song rang, and the battlefield was sparse.
Die of old age in Fujian, and never see Cui Luan return.
Note (1) Dongdu: The Northern Song Dynasty became the capital of the Song Dynasty. ② Xuanhe: the year number of Song Huizong.
The characteristic of narrative poetry is "narrative with poetry". There is a fundamental contradiction here: "poetry" should be simple, and what is important is to save words and articles, which are intended to be beyond words; "Things" should be detailed, and the beauty lies in clarity, concreteness and vividness. There are two effective ways to solve this contradiction: one is to be good at choosing points (or cutting); Second, the narrative combines praise, criticism, sadness and joy.
Let's talk about being good at choosing points first. The best way is to choose the most distinctive points, and it is even better if you choose both vivid and contrasting points. Generally speaking, if there are many people involved in a thing, in the process of development, different people and different times will have a sharp contrast (foil) before and after or between each other. For example, "Northerner" is about a man who fled south from the Jin people's ruling area (north), telling the desolation of his old capital and his own tragic experience. In the whole poem, "northerners" said, but the author didn't narrate events or insert any language of judgment, but the author's thoughts and feelings were reflected in the narration. Investigate its reason, the author chose two contrasting points: The first point is that "Hu Yun takes a long time and the situation is easily misunderstood." Sad old Beijing girl, the makeup bun is still proclaiming and the song "And" is boiling, and the battlefield is rare. "The former shows that the northern adherents have always maintained the belief of rejuvenating the country, so that the news from the border that is unfavorable to the Southern Song Dynasty is regarded as a rumor; Even the women in the old capital, although they are already on cloud nine, are still dressed as usual. The latter wrote that "people from the north" went through hardships. When they came to the Southern Song Dynasty, what they saw was that in the deep house compound, those in power were singing and dancing all day, without asking about borders or worrying about state affairs. The second point is that "ten people have been separated, and now they fly alone", that is, when they fled from the north, the "northerners" family of ten were complete, and now only one "lone goose" is left. These two contrasts set off each other, and the author's worries about the country and the people and the suffering of the people's displacement are vividly on the paper.
In addition, praise, criticism, sadness and joy are all included in the narrative. The phrase "Breaking the Stone and Sleeping in the Garden, Abandoning the Temple and Crying for the Bronze Camel" in "People Come from the North" describes the broken and desolate scene after the tombs and palaces in the Northern Song Dynasty were destroyed by the Jin people. A word "residual" tells the tragic changes in the cemetery; A word "cry" entrusted the pain of the adherents' national subjugation. In fact, this technique has been fully used in Du Fu's narrative of "three officials and three parting", and the word "independence" in "Leaving the old man alone tomorrow morning" reveals a desolate and bitter feeling.
In addition, the reasonable choice of "narrator" is also an element to be considered when writing narrative poems. One option is to let the "party" be the "narrator", which is natural and convincing. Of course, the "party" can be the author, such as Du Fu's Shi Qu Guan, Bai Juyi's Pipa Xing, or the party to the event, such as this song "People from the North". One option is to use the third person, such as Du Fu's "A Gift from Dan Qing to General Cao Ba". This is convenient for the author to make multi-angle narration and free discussion from an objective standpoint.
So, how to determine the answering strategy according to the characteristics of narrative poetry?
First, discuss "love" according to "things". When reading and appreciating, we should explore the category of "emotion" according to the attribute of "thing". In general, the happiness of "things" is the happiness of "feelings", and the sadness of "things" is the sadness of "feelings". For example, in The Northerner, the story is told in the tone of "Northerner": you see the "white hair" of the "East Capital" in the Northern Song Dynasty and the "desolate old Beijing girl" with makeup bun, and you experience the misery of a family of ten flying alone. Based on this, it is necessary to explore the situation according to the matter: "more white hair" or "old makeup bun" is nothing more than caring for the old country; From "ten mouths" to "single goose", of course, it is caused by drifting. The result is: what you see is what you get, which shows the pain of national subjugation; The calendar shows the pain of being displaced.
Secondly, press "point" to seek "skill". As mentioned above, the "points" recorded in narrative poems must be carefully selected. The author's brilliant skills are often reflected in the selection of points. If there is a contrast between the selected "points" and "points", then the methods such as setting off, bedding or contrast are adopted, such as "Northerners" (two songs). At the end of the first song, the author seems to inadvertently describe such a point that "the old Beijing girl is bleak and the makeup bun is still harmonious", but when he sees the sentence that "the first song in the first song is boiling, and the battlefield is sparse", if comments are interspersed in the narrative, it is the combination of comments and virtual reality. For example, Du Fu's Painting by Dan Qing to General Cao Ba is a long poem for Cao Ba, a famous horse painter in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The whole poem is 40 sentences. In addition to using contrast and contrast to show Cao Ba's superb painting skills, there are many sentences that the author comments on painting, such as "When you are a dragon horse, you were born from heaven, and you have banished the common horse for generations", which is full of the author's praise. Wait, and so on.
Third, see the strange in the ordinary. Narrative poems seem unremarkable, but the author's feelings are often hidden in an ordinary word. If you know it carefully, you will find waves under still water. Northerners (Song Dynasty) used the word "residual" before "stone horse" and "weeping" before "bronze camel" when describing the scene of "sleeping garden" and "abandoned temple". Here, we can ask: Why is "Stone Horse" disabled? Why does the "bronze camel" cry? It is not difficult to find that a sentence of "disability" and a sentence of "crying" tell the desolation and loneliness of the hero's country after its collapse. This is to control complexity with simplicity and hide feelings in things.
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