stretch
A new word, a glass of wine,
The weather was bad last year.
When will the sunset come back?
There is nothing to do. Flowers fall,
Deja vu, Yan returns,
Wandering alone in the small garden incense trail ②.
[Introduction to the author]
Yan Shu (99 1- 1055) was a statesman and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This word is the same as uncle. A native of Wengang Township (now Jinxian County) in Linchuan (now Jiangxi), Fuzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Yan Shu was clever since she was a child, and she could write at the age of seven. He is called a "child prodigy". At the age of fourteen, he entered the examination as a child prodigy, was given the background of Jinshi, and was appointed as the provincial orthographic secretary. Moved to Taichang Temple to serve, Guanglu Temple Cheng, Shangshu Hukou Yuanwailang, Prince Sheren, Hanlin Bachelor, Zuo Shu Zi, Renzong acceded to the throne, moved to the right to advise the doctor and serve the bachelor. Enter the Ministry of Rites and worship the Tang envoys. Yan Shu has successively held important positions, even promoted backward, such as Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and Ouyang Xiu. He writes poems in the literary world, especially short stories, with more than 30 Zhu Yu's poems/kloc-0, and his style is subtle and beautiful. His representative works include Huanxisha, Butterfly Loves Flowers, Walking on the Beach, Breaking the Array, Treading on Magpies and so on. Among them, Huanxisha is a famous sentence that has been passed down for generations. He is also good at poetry and prose. There are 240 volumes of his original poems, and there are not many existing ones. Most of them are good at elegance and splendor. For details of his life, see Song History Volume 3 1 1. There is a volume of Yan's posthumous work made up. His ci works are very successful, although the content is only a singer, romantic and rich, but the expression technique is very subtle, the wording and sentences are stable, the artistic conception is beautiful and elegant, and the style is fascinating.
[Notes]
(1) "Huanxisha", epigraph. Huan: voice
2 Xiangdao: A path with fragrant flowers.
Old Pavilion: Old Pavilion.
Stroll: To walk back and forth in one place.
[translation]
I filled in a new word and poured a glass of wine. At this time, the weather is the same as last year. When will the sun turn around after sunset? above reproach
Why, I saw the fallen flowers again; Deja vu, Chun Yanfei is back. Good things can't stay, just deja vu. Think of these.
Sadness. I wandered alone on the path and felt very sad.
[Appreciation]
This word expresses the sadness of the passage of time. Poets observe the infinite universe with limited life and think about life in the broad category of time and space, so this word has a certain heavy philosophical charm. The last three sentences seem to be understated, but they contain deep regret that time is eternal and life is short. The next film deepens the artistic conception outlined in the previous film through the most distinctive concrete things and life details: "There is no alternative but to spend it, and it seems like deja vu." This is a kind of "poetic" feeling that people have in mind but not at the bottom of the pen. Every time "falling flowers" and "returning from Yan" alternate, a year passes, and life gradually ages until death in this endless alternation. Although Yan Shu is a very important person, she can't recover the lost time, so she can only "helplessly" watch the footsteps of the years leave in a hurry. In the officialdom storm, Yan Shu will inevitably have ups and downs. In the mediocre and boring entertainment of officialdom, sensitive poets will certainly feel the meaningless consumption of life from time to time. This is the "leisure worry" that the poet can't avoid in the comfortable living environment, and it is a kind of faint sorrow that can't be rid of.
[Attached]
Yan Shu is a learned man, who knows the roots and the whole process of governing the country. Since the age of thirty-five, Liu Shu, an official, has been studying Bo at a young age. "Calling on politics is more important than morality, making him talk about the Spring and Autumn Period" and "handsome officials are listening" ("Song Shi Liu Shu Chuan"); Since the Five Dynasties, all schools in the world have been abandoned, so I went to Daxing School in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in Nanjing to invite Fan Zhongyan. At that time, scholars from all directions spoke in succession, and most of the people who appeared in the court and the court later did so. Learning in the Song Dynasty also began at different times. At that time, Yan Shu was the most powerful in emphasizing talents, selecting talents and cultivating talents. Fan Zhongyan, Daofu Kong, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Song Yao, Song Qi, Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi. , are all from his home. In this way, Renzong dynasty was called the dynasty with the most talents in the Song Dynasty, which resulted in the prosperity of the political situation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhen said in his eulogy: "If you want to serve the country for a lifetime, you must know people." This comment on Yan Shu is really to the point.
When Yan Shu was in power, it was just like "Taiping" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was also the time when he was most loyal to his ancestral law. It is difficult to make a difference politically, although it is Zaifu. But in some important matters or critical moments, he dared to promote reform, and promoting learning was just one example. Another example is: "Renzong ascended the throne, and Empress Xianming Zhang listened to the government under the testamentary edict. Ding Wei, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, and Cao Liyong, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, both wanted to see things alone, but no one dared to decide. Special advice:' the minister plays the queen mother, and I listen to it, but I don't see it.' Make a decision after discussion. "
When Yuan Hao of Xixia was in the frontier fortress, "Shaanxi is fighting, so please stop the minister from supervising the soldiers, and don't give the general a plan to make the enemy take the offensive and defensive, and recruit archers to teach him to prepare for the war." Please also ask the palace official to help the border customs, and those who receive property from his company will return it. Know its implementation. " All these reflect Yan Shu's wisdom, simplicity and integrity, as well as his talent.
Yan Shu has made many achievements and contributions in literature. He can write poems and good words. The article is beautiful, and calligraphy is all works. Author of 240 volumes of anthology. (See Gong Yan Tombstone by Ouyang Xiu) But most of this system has been lost. Up to now, only one volume (about 130), more than 100 poems and more than a dozen articles have been circulated. His poems, whether elegant and sentimental or lyrical, often contain profound meaning, sometimes philosophy and artistic conception are profound and broad. For example, Chunyang, Qixi, Mid-Autumn Festival, moral, collating and displaying temples, mourning for Su brothers, etc. All of them are excellent, among which "the pear flower courtyard dissolves the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind"; "butterflies in the wind are idle and spend Leng Xiang"; "It is not necessarily that Su E has no complaints, and the jade toad is cold and lonely." "Qiu Jiang is constantly right, and the world is sad"; "In nine days, the grass will be green, and everyone will cry for youth with wine" is a good word. However, his outstanding contribution is still between the lines.
In the early Song Dynasty, ci was not popular, there were few writers, and the ci world was still very lonely. Since the rise of Yan Shu, she likes to write fine print, which has a great influence. Ouyang Xiu, Yan (son of Shu) and other important poets at that time were deeply influenced by it. His ci inherited the legacy of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Huajian, and created the style of graceful ci in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the history of the development of Ci, he made great contributions to the Ci in Song Dynasty. Therefore, he was once called the "founder" of poets in the early Northern Song Dynasty. As far as ideological content is concerned, due to the limitation of aristocratic life, there are many words of praise and appreciation, which lack profound social significance; Small words that are good at expressing emotions on the spot are also based on traditional themes such as parting feelings, drinking and singing. Some of them combine their own feelings, not all of them are "moaning without illness". But the higher achievement is still in artistry. Quite a few works are romantic, gentle and clean, elegant and peaceful, implicit and euphemistic, full of charm and artistic conception. At the same time, the language is beautiful and the tone is harmonious. He abandoned the beauty of flowers and absorbed the beauty of spring, thus forming his own characteristics. For example, the well-known "Walking on the Sand": "The path is red and thin, with fragrant suburbs and high shade. The spring breeze is not lifted, and it is foggy and chaotic. The green leaves hide the warbler, the bamboo curtain separates the swallow, and the incense of the stove turns quietly. When I woke up from a sad dream, the sunset shone deeply in the courtyard. " Can represent its general style. His works such as Mountain Pavilion Willow, Butterfly Lovers, Bodhisattva Man and Huanxisha are all well-known works. Among them, "the mountains and rivers are far away, and the falling flowers and storms hurt spring more"; "I can't help but spend it, and I feel that Yan's return is deja vu"; "Under the leaves of sorghum in Qiu Guang at night, treasures turn into gold"; "Spring in the West last night" is a well-known proverb, some of which are often quoted by people today. This established the value and position of Yan Shu's Ci in Song Dynasty.
Yan Shu was deeply respected by people at that time because of his high literary and political expectations. Fan Zhongyan has a brilliant career and similar status, but he respects Yan Shu with teacher's courtesy all his life, and his title is like a door, so he must be called a "protege"; After visiting in his later years, he still gave him a pious poem: "I went to Huang Fei to accompany the country, but I came to be a teacher." (See Record of Fan Wenzheng's Words and Actions) Song Yu and Song Qi came out later. In the name of the text, "Although brothers are very expensive, they must copy and send them to the public for the text, begging for Zhou Run." (Yu Yin Cong Hua is quoted from Xi Qing Shi Hua) "The beautiful sentence of the public, Song Yu (that is, Song Yu) all talks about Zhai Bi." ("Blue Box Miscellaneous Notes") Han went to see the prince, who was over sixty years old. He gave advice to Yan Daoji, the son of Yan Shu, and called himself an "old servant" ("After Listening to Xiao"). When people saw this scene, people highly praised Yan Shu.
Yan Shu is an official and incorruptible.
Throughout the ages, all people with high moral character are honest and trustworthy.
Yan Shu, a famous writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, was recommended by local officials as a "prodigy" when he was 0/4 years old. He could have won the official position without taking part in the imperial examination, but he did not do so, but resolutely took the exam. As it happens, the topic of that exam was done by him and directed by several famous teachers. In this way, he stood out from more than 1000 candidates with no effort and was praised by the emperor. However, Yan Shu was not complacent. On the contrary, when he was interviewed by the emperor for the second time, he told the emperor the truth and asked to test him in class on another topic. After discussing with the ministers, the emperor proposed a difficult topic for Yan Shu to write in class. As a result, his article was praised by the emperor.
After Yan Shu became an official, she always went home to study behind closed doors after handling official business every day. Later, when the emperor learned of this situation, he was very happy and made him an official below the Crown Prince. When Yan Shu went to thank the emperor, the emperor praised him for studying hard behind closed doors. Yan Shu said, "It's not that I don't want to go to the banquet, but that my family is poor and has no money, so I won't attend. I am ashamed of the emperor's praise. " The emperor also praised him for his genuine material, simplicity and honesty, and he was a rare talent. A few years later, he was promoted to prime minister.
The story of Yan Shu being appreciated and reused by the emperor shows how important it is for a person to be honest and trustworthy and not to cheat and gain the trust of others!