Generally speaking, Li Yu's ci is divided into two periods, because there are great differences in style and content between the two periods. ..... It is generally believed that his early works are full of pleasure and debauchery. Later works, because of the pain of national subjugation, can have deeper content and higher artistic expression, but they also ridicule their emotions as "sad" and "unhealthy". This statement seems quite reasonable to the outside world. But in fact, the reason why Li Yu is Li Yu, the reason why Li Yu is Li Yu and the reason why Li Yu is Li Yu are basically the same, and they are all pure and profound feelings that he dares to devote himself wholeheartedly. Before the national subjugation and genocide, the songs, dances, banquets and happy words written by Li were of course devoted to his pure and deep feelings; After the destruction of the country and the death of the family, the mourning speech written by Li was also a kind of dedication to his pure and deep feelings. In vain, our descendants made different comments on it. In fact, Li Yu said that when he devoted himself to an object with pure and sincere feelings, he didn't care about the reputation of the world at all. Of course, from the ideological point of view, some of Li Yu's ci poems are hedonistic and some are sad. We should still admit this difference, because it exists objectively. However, Ye Jiaying's opinion still raises an important question: If Li Yu's ci is divided into two periods, will it hinder readers from fully and systematically understanding and appreciating the lyrical features of these words, and prevent readers from deeply understanding the consistent leading role of Li Yu's personality characteristics in his ci? It is generally acknowledged that Li Yu's ci poems are different in content. If it is to be classified, what criteria should it be based on? Now let's talk about the latter problem first, because this is the premise to solve the former problem.
From the time point of view, because there are few records about the chronology of Li Yu's poems in Shicheng, it is difficult to find a sufficient and reliable basis for what words were written before and after the national subjugation, which brings congenital disadvantages to the division of the early and late periods. According to the available information, Li Yu wrote few works after his death, such as Yu Meiren, When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon, Forty Years of My Motherland, Sand Waves, Rain Outside the Curtain, etc. Although there are some words recorded in history, it is still controversial whether they were written when Jinling City was broken or when soldiers surrounded Jinling. Such as [Linjiang Xian] and "Cherry Leaves in Spring". Some words, mentioned by predecessors in comments, have been classified as works after the national subjugation by some works, such as Night Cry and Going to the West Building without saying a word. But "the voice of national subjugation" is often used as a descriptive word, not just a work after national subjugation. Sometimes it refers to soft poetry or music, and sometimes it is used to describe sad tunes. Of course, the sad poems or songs written after the national subjugation can also be called "the voice of national subjugation", but that needs historical evidence to prove. Therefore, if we take the break of Jinling City and the death of Southern Tang Dynasty as the time point and rigidly divide the periods before and after his ci works, it will be difficult for many ci works without historical records to belong to which period.
Some critics regard the content and style of Li Yu's ci as the basis for dividing the early and late periods, and there are also difficulties in judgment. Among Li Yu's poems, only a few clearly mentioned nostalgia for the motherland and memories of old court life. For example, the midnight song How Can I Avoid the Sorrow of Life, Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, How Much I Hate, and Sorrow about the Past, as well as the aforementioned Yu Meiren, Broken Array and another song, Rain Outside the Curtain. Although the contents of other ci poems are nostalgic, they also refer to the life and past events in the south of the Yangtze River, but because they are not so specific and realistic, the opinions of various schools are not very consistent whether they are written before or after the national subjugation. For example, Wang Jiangmei's dream is far away, the south is full of spring flowers, Wang Jiangmei's dream is far away, the south is clear in autumn, and Qingpingle's "spring and a half don't come".
There are different opinions about the content and style of Li Yu's ci. One of the important reasons is that critics have different understandings of Li Yu's personality and experience. Li Yu, the king of national subjugation, has the temperament of a poet in talent. Huai Yu said that he was a "romantic genius, but he was mistaken for a master". His father Li J ǐ ng @ 2 was one of the few poets in the Southern Tang Dynasty. He lived in a literary environment since childhood and was deeply influenced by the artistic atmosphere. Since he succeeded to the throne, his situation has been in jeopardy. His talent and circumstances merged into his unique personality and complex mood. He also wants to do something to revive the national prestige. Ma Ling's Book of Southern Tang Dynasty said that he was "conceited in fame and fortune and resisted Julian Waghann". However, the country is poor and weak, and no one helps him. His ministers are all mediocre people who "behave themselves", so he once lamented: "Without Duke Zhou and Zhong Ni, my road is not feasible." As a romantic genius, he is good at melody, singing and dancing, and addicted to wine and color. He can't concentrate on rectifying state affairs, but spends a lot of time writing lyrics and composing music. He also knows that doing nothing like this is wrong, but he can't help himself and can't correct it. He has a clear mind, but a weak character; Willing to cheer up, but unable to take action, can only do some good things that can't fundamentally save the crisis, such as "paying interest to serve the people" (4). Therefore, some critics believe that before his national subjugation, he only knew "indulge in debauchery and lavish feasts" and lived a "life of singing and dancing day and night", so his works can only be "infatuated with the luxurious life of the court". This view is a bit absolute.
As for his "respect for the central plains, not afraid of humility", in order to secure the world [6]. This is a survival attitude that he has to adopt in the face of too powerful enemies. In fact, he is willing to do so in his heart. For example, his younger brother was detained by Song Taizu in Beijing, and he was very sad and angry. He said, "All banquets are held at four o'clock", climbed to the top of the mountain and wrote, "The original Lí ng @ (4) flew to Xiang Fei, and did not return this season." This kind of poem, if it reaches Song Taizu's ears, is likely to lead soldiers to the south. This is not a "soft luxury" remark.
Nostalgic memories don't have to be written after national subjugation. A person who is frustrated and sad when he meets where you are going in this life can also write such works. Li Yu met many such things before her national subjugation. For example, his death a week later has always made him feel sad and grateful. For example, "Picking Mulberry Seeds" and "Flowers in Spring in front of Pavilion" are probably works of this period, perhaps for the funeral of Da Zhou. Some critics classify it as a work after the national subjugation, because it is nostalgic, without much basis, at least it should not be so sure. Another example is [Yu Meiren]' s "The Wind Blows huí @ [5] Yard Grass is Green", and most articles on Li Yu's Ci also classify it as written after the national subjugation, probably because the last sentence of the Ci talks about "full of frost and snow". In fact, there are many examples of young poets who think they are old. In some cases, they have some white hair in their thirties, and they exaggerate it as full of frost and snow. So don't take one or two sentences in poetry too seriously. As far as the mood and moral of this poem are concerned, words like "Crying at night", "Last night's storm", "Picking mulberry seeds", "Spring in front of the pavilion is full of red flowers" and "Don't come in the spring" have all changed over the years, which is very important for a person who is in adversity and getting worse. As for his two poems, they are both envy and descriptions of fishing career. This kind of recluse thought may have originated before and after the national subjugation, and it is even more difficult to determine which period it belongs to.
In a word, it is not necessary to divide all Li Yu's words into early and late stages, no matter according to a hard time limit or according to the content and style of his words. Because of this practice, it is not conducive to distinguish the diverse styles of Li Yu's ci, and it also lacks sufficient scientific basis. The reasonable way is: from the time point of view, according to reliable basis, every word he said was written; If there is no reliable basis, there is no need to force its ownership in time. From the perspective of style, his more than 30 poems, whether they are sadness, sorrow, resentment, joy or detachment from the world, should be properly returned to their own appearance, and can not be summarized by the two styles of "decadent voice" and "the pain of national subjugation"
Li Yu, formerly known as Jia Cong, whose real name is Shigemitsu and whose real name is Zhong Yin, is the sixth son of Li Jing. He was born in 937 and was made a prince in 959. 96 1, acceded to the throne without year number.
When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. Facing the pressure of Song Dynasty, he resigned himself to stealing peace. In 975, Song Jun entered Jinling, captured the queen, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished.
Li Yu is a bad king in politics and a writer and poet in literature. His main achievements are in poetry. His early works mainly reflect court life, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Huanxisha. After being captured, there was a great breakthrough compared with the previous period, and his representative works included Yu Meiren, Breaking the Array, Waves on the Sand and so on.
Li Houzhu reigned in 14 and was captured in 975. Song Taizu said he was disobedient. In 978, 42-year-old Li Houzhu was poisoned.