Their ancestors have cut off almost all secrets about their origins, but their legends say they once had their own kingdom, and they seem to have some inexplicable connection with the same unsolved Sanxingdui culture; It has its own religion and Saba (priest and archmage), who master the witchcraft that makes all the local ethnic groups change their minds. This group of about 3,000 people living in the mountains seems to be incompatible with everything around them. According to legend, they are a tribe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They fled here after being defeated by Songtsan Pegumbu. The ancestors were afraid that their children would be harmed, so they hid the truth from their children and did not let them know why they were hiding in the Hengduan Mountains. deep. But is all this true?
In the newly compiled "Ganluo County Chronicle", the Ersu people are said to be the local indigenous people. From some word-of-mouth information and place names in the county, we can know that the Ersu people were incorporated into the local area during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. directly under the jurisdiction of the government. After the 1950s, residents speaking Jiarong, Ergong, Zhaba, Muya, Shixing and other languages ??in western Sichuan have been identified as Tibetan. Residents who speak Ersu, Guiqiong and Namuyi languages ??are called "Xifan". After China started the household registration system, some of them said they were Tibetan, some said they were Fan, and some were regarded as Han nationality.
The Ersu people have a close relationship with the Qiang. Since the Han and Jin Dynasties, history books have mentioned more than 20 names of Qiang tribes distributed in this area. In the past, apart from intra-ethnic marriages, the Ersu people only intermarryed with the Qiang people in Shimian and other places. This coincided with the fact that their ancestors were related to the Qiang.
In the Ersu language, Cuokuomamo is the name of the Milky Way, and it also means "the place to go to the mother". When the Ersu people build a house, Saba chooses the location and direction according to the direction of the Milky Way. But on the ground, where is the hometown of the Ersu people? Who are they?
The history of the Ersu people is divided. They have ancient history, and the records of the Han nationality show that they were included in the local administrative jurisdiction as Xifan people after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. For generations, they were only allowed to remember that they fled into the mountains to escape war and massacre. In addition, there are also legends that they once established a country. In their ancient history, the center is the Xiyi Empire (the country of the Ersu people), the east is the Han Empire, the north is Chuluobu (not yet an empire), the west is the Karak Kingdom, and the south is the red and black Luoluo (It is not an empire. Ruoluo was the name used by the Han and other foreigners for the Yi people before the 1950s. It was also written as Luoluo, Kuangang, etc. After the 1950s, it was abandoned because it contained discriminatory semantics).
It is also said that they have lived in the Chengdu Plain before. The place names such as Minjiang and Emei that must appear in every volume of Ersu people's poems and chants should be evidence. The Ersu people have preserved In the thirty-seven volumes of the Sutra, the beginning of each volume reads "Minjiang Tuotuo Hagushi". They firmly believe that their nation has a history full of secrets, and work hard to verify the relationship between the Ersu people and the mysterious disappearance of Sanxingdui on the Chengdu Plain. The relationship between civilized masters. The bronze sacred tree unearthed in Sanxingdui has a rooster with its head raised to the sky. This is no different from the rooster placed on the tree when the Ersu people worshiped the sky; the Sanxingdui Bronze Man Mask is very similar. The facial features of Ersu men are exaggerated, such as high noses, deep eyes, wide lips, etc. In addition, some figures representing the worship of the sun, moon, stars and time in the jade unearthed from Sanxingdui also appear in the pictures and texts of the Ersu people. .
The Ersu people are hospitable. When guests arrive, the whole village will become lively. Women participating in the banquet wear black or white cloth handkerchiefs on their heads and use a string of silver as big as a quail egg. Beads are embellished on the forehead, and the color of the clothes is mainly red, with green edges in between. The right hem of the top of the shirt is like the ancient Han Dynasty, and the collar, shoulders, sleeves, and front and back are all exquisitely embroidered. They took turns singing and toasting, and the guests would not put it down unless they could sing too. The men's singing was particularly beautiful, and its melody was very different from the folk songs of the southwestern ethnic minorities that they had heard in the past. The drawl sounded a bit like a Mongolian long tune. , Yang Delong reminded me that there are some turning points that are very similar to the folk songs of northern Shaanxi and Gansu.
The Ersu people worship stones, worship giant stones, and worship white stones, which is similar to the stone worship of other Tibetan areas and the Qiang people. Every Ersu person has a white stone used for sacrifice in their home. It can drive away evil spirits and attract good fortune. "Historical Records" once recorded that Dayu was a Qiang nationality and was born in Xiqiang. Xingxing may be where the Ersu people live now. According to the legend, Dayu was born on a big stone by the river, and his son Qi, the first king of the Xia Dynasty, was born from the stone. According to this theory, there have always been theories. This is how the stone worship of some tribes such as the Qiang people came to be. Later, a party of the Qiang people established the Xixia Kingdom. Is the name of this country related to the Xia Dynasty? Is it possible that the Ersu people are related to it? What about the Xiang Qiang people who fled here after the Western Xia Dynasty was destroyed?
There are too many unknown things, which can only be left to future ethnic, folklore, history, and linguists to conduct research. The hidden taboo behind the ancestral saying "You cannot find your roots" no longer scares the Ersu people. Whether it is the remnants of Xixia, the owners of Sanxingdui, or other reasons, they hope to find their roots in a peaceful world.
< p>The Ganluolsu people have lived in anonymity in the Hengduan Mountains for a long time. Their Saba pictures and characters are rare in China, and their embroidery is exquisite. They believe in primitive religion and called themselves the "Fan tribe" for more than 40 years after liberation. They were only classified 14 years ago. Tibetan.