Du Fu analyzed the writing characteristics of the first four sentences of this poem.

Attention (1) Danger: the mast is high. One-night boat: A lonely boat spent the night on the river. (2) Ye Ping is vast: Yuan Ye is extremely vast. 3 write: famous. (4) Getting high: wandering around, helpless. The breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-masted boat is moored alone at night. The stars are hanging in the sky, and Ye Ping looks very broad; The moonlight is surging with the waves, and the river is rolling eastward. Is my article famous? You should be dismissed even if you are old and sick. What's it like to wander around alone? Like a lonely Sha Ou between heaven and earth. The first half of the poem describes the scene of "night tour": the breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-mast boat is moored alone on the moonlit night. At that time, Du Fu was forced to leave Chengdu. In the first month of 765 A.D., he resigned from our post, and in April, his good friend Yanwu died. In this remote place, I decided to leave East Sichuan. Therefore, this is not a vague description of the scenery, but a feeling of the scenery. Through the description of the scenery, his situation and feelings are expressed: small as grass on the river bank and lonely as a boat in the river. The third and fourth sentences write a vision: the stars are low and Ye Ping is vast; The moon surges with the waves, and the river flows eastward. These two sentences are magnificent, profound and have always been praised. Some people think that the poet's feelings in these two landscape poems are "broad-minded" (Pu Yin Long's Reading), while others think that he wrote "happy" feelings (see Five Laws of Du Fu, a Collection of Tang Poems). This poem is about the tragic situation of the poet wandering in his later years. The above two explanations only emphasize the literal meaning of the poem. In fact, the poet wrote about the vast Ye Ping, the mighty rivers and the splendid stars and moons just to reflect his lonely image and sad mood. This technique of writing sadness with joy is often used in classical works. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei": "I was not there in the past, Liu Yiyi." It is very touching to set off the sadness of the soldiers who went to war with the beautiful scenery of spring. The second half of the poem is "Shu Huai". The fifth and sixth sentences say, "I'm a bit famous. Where is it because my article is good? You should retire as an official because you are old and sick. " This is irony, and this idea is implicit. The poet is famous for his great political ambition, but he has been suppressed for a long time and cannot display it, so his fame is actually due to his articles, which is really not what he wants. Du Fu was really old and sick at this time, but his retirement was mainly due to being excluded, not being old and sick. This shows the injustice in the poet's mind and reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering loneliness. Regarding the meaning of this couplet, it is not appropriate to say that it is "the language of self-blame" ("Du Shi Shuo") and Qiu said that "five belong to self-modesty, and six belong to self-interpretation" ("Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection"). The last two sentences say, "You look like you're floating all over? Just like Europe in "The Universe". " Considering the situation at that time, the poet expressed his sadness. The water and sky are vast, and Sha Ou falls; People, like Sha Ou, move in the rivers and lakes. This couplet is lyrical, touching and touching. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Although there are differences between the heart and the object, the scenery gives birth to feelings, and the feelings give birth to the scenery, ... hiding each other's homes." Scenery, Tibet and mutual residence, that is, feelings in the scene, feelings in the scene. The former writes scenes suitable for expressing the poet's feelings, so that the feelings are hidden in the scenery; The latter does not write in abstraction, but hides the scenery in writing. Du Fu's poem "A Night Outside" is an example in classical poetry where scenes live next to each other and houses block each other. The loneliness of wandering is the evaluation of society. At that time, the imperial city was so big that there was no other place to live, but it was forced to leave because of Yanwu's death, because no one valued him and there was no other Bole. What kind of helplessness it is. In this way, the whole poem also highlights the corruption of imperial politics at that time, as well as the resentment and helplessness of one's inner talents.