The first couplet: "Overseas people hear about Kyushu, and he is uncertain about life and death." From Yang Guifei's death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty let people find his soul, implying the helplessness of Emperor Xuanzong. "Overseas" means that after Yang Yuhuan's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the alchemist to go overseas to find his soul. Legend has it that an alchemist met Yang Yuhuan in an overseas fairy mountain (Penglai Mountain), and Yang Yuhuan gave him a golden hairpin and promised to stick to his oath before he died. However, this is only a legend. Obviously, the wish of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei to be husband and wife forever is "uncertain", but in reality, Yang Guifei really has a long life. It is the emotionalization of human words, which shows the helplessness of Tang Xuanzong, but there is no lack of irony.
Zhuan Xu: "There is no news about the Tiger Brigade", followed by the first sentence, recalling the escape scene, alluding to Yang Yuhuan's trapped Ma Wei. At night, you can only hear the diaodou sound of "An Imperial Envoy", where can you hear the cock crow of the palace guards as always? These two sentences compare the life in exile with the life in the palace, and use the word "Kong Wen" to describe the loneliness and loss of Tang Xuanzong who lost his former palace and lived a carefree life, as well as the loneliness of tasting bitter wine after losing Yang Guifei.
Neck couplet: "Today, the six armies are stationed in Malaysia together, and they laugh at cows on Tanabata", which continues to write the love tragedy between Li and Yang from a comparative perspective. On that day, the imperial guards did not leave, and finally forced Tang Xuanzong to hang Yang Guifei. Previously, Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei also vowed to be husband and wife for life, and once laughed at the fact that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl could only meet once a year! There is a great leap in words, but there is a causal connection in content. It is precisely because Tang Xuanzong indulged in womanhood, abandoned politics for the country, and made repeated mistakes. The "Sixth Army stationed in Malaysia" forced him to commit suicide by giving him an imperial concubine, which led to the later tragic result. The sharp contrast between "today" and "then" made Xuanzong's initial rebellion and final abandonment mercilessly flogged. "Six Armies" and "Zhou Li" said that the Emperor had "Six Armies", and later poets used it to refer to the emperor's army. In fact, at that time, there were only about longwu and Yulin Fourth Army.
Tail couplet: "How to be a son of heaven in the four seasons is not as sad as the Lu family". At the end, in a tone of contrast and rhetoric, I pinned my feelings, pointed out the theme, alerted future generations, and pointed out the edge of criticism. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was the son of heaven, but he had to put his favorite concubine to death, while the common people, Lv Jia's husband, could grow old with Mo Chounv. Why? Although the language is straightforward, the feelings expressed are profound and painful, and the whip is powerful.
In terms of writing skills, flashback is first used in the work, which makes the work full of twists and turns and profound twists and turns, making it sad to read. At the same time, the contrast technique is used to make the work ironic and memorable. From the dual point of view, this poem is also praised by later generations. The two couplets in the middle, just four sentences and 28 words, are called chickens to drive away tigers and horses to keep cows. They are handy, natural and smooth, full of fun and no boring. In addition, taking the "Sixth Army" as the "Chinese Valentine's Day" and "stationed in Malaysia" as the "Petunia" are all wonderful uses of borrowing. The so-called borrowing duality refers to the duality that is relative in form, but not in the same category in content, and often far apart. For example, "stationed in Malaysia" refers to the garrison troops, while "Petunia" refers to the Altair, not the Petunia. In Du Fu's poems, there are many such metonymies, such as "the wild sun is barren and the spring is faint" (Mancheng), and "Qing" is opposite to "white". At this point, Li Shangyin is also learning from Du Fu, which is better than shine on you. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the antithesis of metrical poems is often based on borrowing, because it is not easy and full of humor. The ancients had different views on the antithesis of this poem. Fang Hui in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties thought that "the six armies, Chinese Valentine's Day, and horses and cattle were very clever" (Ying Kui Fa Jing), and Wu Qiao in the Qing Dynasty even praised: "It's just like a child's play to talk about what's going on in the world and make the six, seven and horses right." ("poetry around the furnace"). However, there are also different views. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Changqi thought that "one tiger, one chicken, one horse and one cow, all of which are used, are also ill" (Wu Changqi's comment in Tang Ruxun's Interpretation of Tang Poetry), and in the Qing Dynasty, Qu Fu thought that "Kong Wen, irrecoverable, familiar with his words, is frivolous in seven or eight" (Tang poetry became law). In our opinion, the latter negative view is too traditional. As long as the words are natural and appropriate, why can't they be written in poetry?