When it comes to "autumn", people's first reaction is the familiar and well-known "clear sand?" Qiu Si (Ma Zhiyuan). As we all know, there are many works about "Autumn" in Yuan Qu, and the most vivid one is Bai Pu's Jing Tian Sand? Autumn. If Ma Zhiyuan is called "the father of Qiu Si", then Bai Pu should be regarded as "the sage of autumn".
In the first two sentences of this song, Bai Pu skillfully juxtaposes six groups of nouns with a pen like a rafter, depicting a picture of harmony between the earth and the sky: the sun is in the west, the horizon is full of sunset clouds, and the village is tilted; The smoke curled up, the branches of the old tree did not move, and the feathers of the crow tree were particularly conspicuous.
The second sentence is a corner of the large-scale landscape described in the previous two sentences. In this quiet autumn scenery, a wild goose suddenly flew over the ground. The sudden appearance of this dynamic has broken the impression of static scenery and made people move. "A little" means that "Hong Fei" is far away, and "under the shadow" is faster!
The third sentence is the one that best conveys the meaning of autumn. The first is the combination of distance and perspective. There are mountains and water in autumn in the distance, and there are bright colors-green and green. Nearby are autumn plants: grass, leaves and flowers. White, red and yellow complement each other and are colorful, forming a beautiful "autumn picture scroll", which renders the autumn scenery and conveys a strong autumn meaning. Secondly, there is no word "autumn" in the whole sentence, but "autumn" is everywhere, which is the so-called "nothing, everything is romantic"! This is also the genius of the author!
Throughout the whole song, its structure is novel and unique, that is, "arranging static scenes-mediating Hong Fei moving scenes-arranging static scenes", which is standardized but not rigid; Secondly, the composition is dynamic and static, changing rather than monotonous; Thirdly, if autumn scenery in the first two sentences of this song can't help being quiet and cold, then in the third sentence, the transformation of artistic conception is more clear, generous and harmonious. All these show the author's superb skills in refining ideas and conceiving skills.
Ma Zhiyuan, whose word is thousands of miles, is called Dongli, and he is a cosmopolitan in Yuan Dynasty. The year of birth and death is unknown. Famous Sanqu writers in Yuan Dynasty. Facing the dark and cruel rule of Yuan Dynasty, Ma Zhiyuan couldn't find a way out of life, so he had the idea of resisting and avoiding the world. He wrote in Sanqu: "I am trapped in the Central Plains. Sadness, did the ancients know? I hate climbing stairs. "
Ma Zhiyuan attended Dadu Zhenyuan Book Fair. He wrote a lot of Yuan songs, which had a great influence at that time, but he was a leader. His works are bold and unconstrained, but they also have a strong world-weary and broad-minded mood. His Tian Jing Sha Qiu Si is regarded as the best poem describing Qiu Si's melancholy in Yuan Dynasty.
Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan
Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,
Small bridges and flowing water.
The ancient road and the west wind are thin.
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
This piece of music is about a traveler's feelings during his journey. The author first tries to write about his environment. In the first three sentences, each sentence combines three things into a group, and three groups of * * * write nine things to form a vivid picture, showing the dusk scene in the suburbs in autumn. These scenery descriptions create an atmosphere and express the inner activities of the characters.
The first sentence says that the rattan is wrapped around the old tree, and the crow (crow) is beside the nest at dusk. Suggest that travelers are homeless; The second sentence, write a story about a small bridge running water, with several scattered families next to it, which evokes the homesickness of the wanderer; Although these two songs describe objective scenery, they both set off homesick wanderers in a delicate and appropriate way. The third sentence is about a thin horse, but it naturally reminds people of a tired wanderer, stumbling on the ancient road. It also reflects the lonely mood on the way.
The last sentence not only gives the above-mentioned things a bright background, but also makes them organically form a vivid picture, which makes the finishing point explain the theme of the whole song. This is the author's mind. This sentence not only aggravated the sadness of late autumn, but also wrote the desolation of loneliness and homesickness drifting in the distant horizon. The whole article is therefore vivid.
"The sunset is infinite, and talented people and beautiful women are sad." (From "Partridge Sky" by Chao Buyu) The whole article uses some common scenery to form a beautiful picture, which is made in one breath without traces of piling up. Rendering "sad autumn" with scenery to express "missing" has brought loneliness and desolation to a climax. This poem shows the darkness of the Yuan society.
Ma Zhiyuan wrote this poem for a reason. Prior to this, Sanqu writer Bai Pu wrote "Tian Jing Sha Diao Qiu Si":
Sunset in a lonely village
Crows fly at dusk on the old trees with rotten vines;
In the shadow of a small flight,
Clear water and lush mountains
White grass, green leaves and yellow flowers.
Bai and Ma's poems have something in common. One is that both of them form a word to express one thing. Second, some words are the same; Third, the artistic conception is similar, and they all write bleak autumn.
Ma Zhiyuan's development in Baipu's lyrics has expanded the desolate artistic conception and written a bleak autumn, especially the phrase "thin horse in the old road and west wind", which makes people feel more desolate and lonely. Ma Zhiyuan changed the phrase "a little flying in the shadow" to "the setting sun, heartbroken people on the cliff", and wrote his thoughts with the scene of sad autumn, which set off the wanderers who had left their homes and made the whole picture more perfect. Ma Zhiyuan used Bai Pu's lyrics for reference and developed and perfected them.
This poem, with refined language, through the description of the scenery on the road in late autumn dusk, constitutes a bleak and desolate human scene. It expresses a feeling of hesitation and sadness, reveals the author's inner sadness and loneliness, and reflects the wandering social life of the Yuan Dynasty and the feudal literati's complaints about the world and their mourning for the body. This is of certain value for us to understand the suppression of literati in Yuan Dynasty.
Although the artistic conception of this poem is low, it is unique in art. The author does not focus on depicting the inner face of the wanderer, but simply depicts a picture full of autumn, conveying feelings with things, and vividly depicting sad feelings through sensible things and obvious late autumn colors. It means "all scenery words are love words". It profoundly expresses the homesickness of a wanderer in a different place and gives readers a strong infection. Wang Guowei once commented on this poem "A few words won the poetic realm of the Tang Dynasty" in Legend on Earth, which shows the author's ability to capture artistic images.
We appreciate this poem, and we can say, "Lao Teng wrote Qiu Si, and no one is allowed to repeat the word."