Common expressions of prose
1 Symbol expresses an abstract concept, thought or emotion with the help of concrete things, which is characterized by using some characteristics (content) between symbol and symbolized object to obtain implicit and vivid expression, thus enhancing the expressive force of the article. The symbol means "something to lean on", that is, "to borrow one thing from another", and the theme is implicit but not revealing, hidden but not gloomy.
2, foil, refers to not directly describe the main characters or things, but to describe their background, related characters or things, so that its image is prominent, this writing method not only makes the main image more vivid in contrast, but also makes the article tortuous and implicit, unique.
3, first suppress and then promote, emotionally pave the way, causing curiosity.
4. Express your wishes by holding objects. In the process of describing things, the author skillfully entrusts his personal feelings and ideas, integrates his feelings into things, expresses his inner feelings, and is implicit, philosophical and suggestive, so that readers can enjoy a unique aesthetic feeling in appreciation.
5, lyrical scenery, through the description of the scenery, to contrast the author's feelings of joy or sadness.
6. The combination of reality and fiction can grasp the key points and highlight the essential characteristics of things, thus depicting people more vividly, highlighting the characteristics of things and scenery and revealing the theme more deeply. Compact structure, concentrated pen and ink.
7. Dynamic and static contrast, dynamic and static contrast, vivid contrast, complement each other.
8. See the big from the small, embody major themes from ordinary and subtle things, highlight the performance center and be more powerful.
9. Association and imagination. The so-called association is the psychological process from one thing to another, and the so-called imagination is the process of creating new images on the basis of the original perceptual images. Associative imagination is often used together, which can enrich the content of the article, enrich the image and increase the artistic expression of the article.
10, reference
A. Cite legends and stories: enhance the legend and mystery of the article and enrich the content of the article;
B, quoting poetry: enriching the content of the article, combined with the scenery described, can enhance the poetry of the article and make the article have artistic conception;
C. quote famous sayings: make the article more convincing.
1 1, rendering and contrast.
Rendering refers to a way that the author focuses on the appearance, behavior, psychology, language or events, environment and scenery of the characters, highlights the essential characteristics of people or things, and deepens the theme.
Contrast means not directly describing the main characters or things, but describing their background and related people or things to make their images stand out. This kind of writing not only makes the subject image more vivid in contrast, but also makes the article tortuous and subtle and unique.
Difference: Rendering lies in the description of things that intentionally emphasize color and splash ink; A foil is a description of other things related to it, which plays a role in setting off this thing. There is also an intersection between the two, that is, the author sometimes uses rendering to play a comparative role; Other things used as foil can also be described by rendering.
Five common expressions:
Narration, discussion, description, lyric, explanation
Prose is often described, narrated and discussed; Argumentation and lyricism can often achieve their goals.
Rhetoric of several common exams;
Metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, comparison, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, quotation and analogy
Long sentences: complex structure, large capacity, multi-purpose related words, strong logic, meticulous, rigorous, accurate and meticulous expression, mostly used in written language;
Short sentence: simple structure, small capacity, but lively, varied, concise, vivid and flexible, often used in spoken language and style.
1, Expression of Prose: Common expressions include narration, discussion, description, lyricism and explanation.
2, a, discussion in prose: it often has the function of revealing meaning (theme), making the finishing point and deepening the theme.
3, B, description in prose: It is often to express the characteristics of the characters, imply the background of the times, and render the emotional atmosphere.
4, c, lyricism in prose: it often has the function of expressing the author's feelings, revealing the meaning of the article and expressing the image intention.
5, D, flashback in prose: causing suspense and fascinating.
6. E. Prose Interpolation: Make necessary preparations for the main plot or central event to make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous and the content more substantial.
7, F, the plain narrative in prose: "Two flowers bloom, one for each table", which makes the thinking clearer and takes care of each other more appropriately.
8, g, scenery description in prose: describe natural scenery, create an atmosphere, and set off the feelings or thoughts of the characters.
9, h, environmental description in prose: explain the background, indicate the time and place of the incident, render the atmosphere, and better express the psychology or image of the characters.
10, I, the description of characters in prose: including portraits, behaviors, psychology, language, details, often expressing the hearts of characters, portraying their personalities and shaping their images; It also promoted the development of the story.
Narrator in prose
First person: express feelings directly and freely; Have a sense of intimacy; You can write the characters and events in the article as if they were my personal experience to enhance the realism of the article; Convenient and direct expression of "I" inner emotions, cordial and natural.
The second man said:
(1) Closes the distance with the readers or the images in the works, and facilitates the author's direct dialogue and communication with them;
② It is convenient for the author to express his feelings;
(3) When the object of writing is a thing, it plays an anthropomorphic rhetorical effect. Use general letters, poems and articles to praise and mourn.
The third person: direct expression of life, not limited by time and space, flexible and free. As a bystander, the author objectively narrates the readers, which is convenient to reflect a broader picture and richer content. 1 1, 2. Rhetoric methods in prose: metaphor, personification, parallelism, contrast, setting off, rendering, exaggeration, repetition, etc.
12, a. Metaphor in prose: The function is to vividly reflect what you want to say. Turn the simple into vivid, the profound into simple, and the abstract into concrete.
13, b, personification in prose: giving things human form and emotion, making them personalized and vivid.
14, c, parallelism in prose: make the content expression more concentrated, more prominent and more vivid; Emotional expression is stronger and more imposing.
15, d, contrast in prose: it can make the characteristics of things expressed or the truth expounded more vivid and prominent; It can thoroughly reveal contradictions and make the content of the article more clear about love and hate.
16, e, foil in prose: use some things as foil to highlight something, so that the things discussed or described are more prominent and vivid.
17, f, rendering in prose: through a certain description, focus on description, highlight the essential characteristics of people or things, thus deepening the theme.
18, g, exaggeration in prose: contrast the atmosphere, enhance the appeal and enhance the association; Create an atmosphere, reveal the essence and inspire people.
19, h, repetition in prose: the scenery is lyrical and infectious; Connecting the preceding with the following, distinguishing levels; It has been emphasized many times, which is impressive.
20, 3, the expression of prose: commonly used are associative imagination, concrete symbol, contrast, want to promote first, the combination of virtual and real, dynamic and static, point-to-face combination, expressing ambition, borrowing scenery to express emotion, seeing the big from the small, paving the way for concern, creating suspense and not saying enough.
2 1 4, prose. Layout: There are common arrangements of "important sentences" such as Yan Wen sentence, general sentence, summary sentence, transition sentence, central sentence and closing sentence, and there are also appropriate details. Narration and discussion are combined, and classics are quoted, cleverly analogized, transitional and cohesive, paving the way, and the beginning and end are taken care of.
22, a, Yan Wen sentence: indicate the author's writing intention, reflect the context of the text, and express the theme.
23, b, general sentence: lead out the full text, lead out the following; Lay the groundwork for the following, ambush the pen.
24, c, summary sentence: summarize the full text and deepen the theme; Taking care of the above points is thought-provoking.
25, D, the finishing touch sentence: reveal the main idea and point out the center; Thought-provoking and enlightening.
2. Frequently asked questions and answering rules
Part 1: functional analysis (intention, benefit)
1, sentence function problem
2. Function of paragraph structure
3, the role of artistic skills
4. Personal action issues
5. Title function problem
6, the role of scenery description
7. The role of writing content
(A), sentence function problems
Analyze the function of sentences: mainly from two aspects: content or expression effect and its function in sentence structure.
The function of a sentence depends on its own function, its function with title, beginning, top, bottom and end, and its position in the article. Analysis of common questioning methods (1), sentences and paragraphs: What are the functions (benefits) of underlined sentences? What role does it play in the structure? What effect does it have on the expression of the article?
(2) Analyze the function of the materials in the text: What are the advantages of writing like this?
1. knowledge model (reserve)
(1), the first sentence (paragraph)-leads to the full text, outlines and leads to the following, paving the way for the following.
The last sentence (paragraph)-summarizing the full text, deepening the theme, taking into account the above, echoing before and after, is endless.
Transfer sentence (paragraph)-connecting the preceding with the following, turning, inheriting the above and leading to the below.
Central sentence (paragraph)-point out the center and reveal the main idea.
The finishing touch sentence (paragraph)-points out the center of the full text and leads to the following; The sentence is profound, thought-provoking and enlightening after reading.
Emotional sentence (paragraph)-express strong inner feelings and express your own thoughts directly.
Contradictory sentence (paragraph)-it is self-contradictory literally, but the author has a profound intention. Reveal profound connotations and express profound opinions.
(B), paragraph function problems
Characteristics of Sentence and Paragraph Propositions
1, the function analysis problem refers to the stem containing words such as "function" or "good (wonderful) place", and the proposition points to a common question type of analysis and synthesis.
2. This question type has two specific propositions: one is the function of the sentence (position or at the beginning or end); Second, the materials used in this paper, such as detailed contents, quoted materials or other interspersed materials.
2. Thinking mode
(1), location. Sentence paragraphs have different positions and functions in the text and paragraphs. The range of the paragraph where the material is located. These are the first things to consider when answering action questions.
(2), grasp the basic content of sentences and materials, to answer, this is the premise.
(3) Grasp the relevance of sentences and materials in the context. Even if you don't ask to say "specific" function in the stem of the question, you can't answer "connecting the preceding with the following" in general.
(4) According to the content arrangement of different texts, sometimes the structural function should be considered in combination with the expressive function. The functions of this technique include "contrast" and "setting off".
3. Answer mode
Structurally: common expression techniques.
1 ... connecting the preceding with the following: it not only inherits the above contents ... but also leads to the following situations ... It changes from ... to ... (people, scenery and things), and respects writing from ... ...
2. Causes are as follows: pave the way for the following … writing, pave the way for …, echo the following …, and lay the emotional tone of the article.
3. The above summary: echo the above …, point out the main idea of the full text, and further …, express …
4. Clues: Clues that run through the whole text appear X times in the text, step by step, step by step, pushing feelings ... to a climax.
Content: express the author's feelings, expressive techniques, vivid words and expressions and their expressive effects, so as to write or explain (the main content or theme).
(2) The answer mode about the function of quotations (quotations, interspersed materials) in the original text. オ
(1) The content of the current paragraph;
(2) the function of the full text;
③ Enrich the content of the article or be poetic.
(4) increase authority, literariness, historicity and culture (depending on style and function, not to list them one by one).
(4) Title function
Knowledge reserve
1, clue function.
2, highlight the narrative object (people, things)
3. Point out the theme and carry the author's emotion.
4. Symbolic and profound.
5. Skills (mainly rhetorical devices and effects)
6. Attract readers (stimulate readers' interest).
(5) The role of scenery description.
Knowledge reserves the description of specific scenes of scenery, such as location, climate, time, scenery, scene, etc.
(1) its own and independent aesthetic value; Show regional scenery and remind time, season and environment.
② Render the atmosphere to pave the way for the following; Set the emotional tone.
(3) Contrast some characteristics of the narrative object (person or thing).
④ Symbolic and suggestive functions.
(6), the role of writing content
Knowledge reserve
1, the function of expressing the content of the article, such as making the content rich, substantial, concrete and vivid, more cultural, literary and poetic.
2, emotional sustenance or symbol, meaning, etc.
3. Suspense to stimulate readers' interest in reading.
4. Clues running through the whole article.
5, care (echo)
6. Highlight the theme, sublimate (deepen) the theme, etc.