"If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, there is a piece of ice heart in the jade pot." (Don Wang Changling's "Lotus Inn and Xin Jian Parting")-My heart is as pure as ice in a crystal jade pot.
"Bing Xin" is noble and pure, and the ancients used "Jade pot and clear ice" as a metaphor for a person's open and aboveboard mind.
"I should miss Linghai for many years, lonely, and my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." During her one-year career in Lingnan, her personality and conduct were as crystal clear and noble as ice and snow.
2 homesickness for the moon-causing parting and homesickness.
"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home." (Tang Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking")-Looking at the moon and homesickness is extremely sad.
"The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." ("Yu Meiren" by Li Yu in Southern Tang Dynasty) —— Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the unique pain of the monarch who perished.
"There are 300,000 people in the desert. I will look back at the moon for a while." (Tang Yili's "Going North to Join the Army")-Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the vast desert looked up at the rising moon for a while, unable to restrain their homesickness.
(3) Fold the willow to bid farewell. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and folding Liu means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of folding willows to bid farewell, so "willows" meant parting. Therefore, in Yulin Ridge, Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting by saying "Where to wake up tonight, Yang Liuan, where the breeze fades away".
"Qin Louyue, willow color every year, Baling hurts." (Li Bai's Memories of Qin E)-Xi 'an Baling Bridge is surrounded by weeping willows on both sides. Baling Bridge is the gateway to Beijing, and this is the place to bid farewell. The farewell of Baling Bridge can especially express feelings of sadness and parting.
Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality. -The tune of "Broken Willow" in the flute has spread far, but I have never seen the color of willow green and spring. Other contents of "Folding Willow" sigh for hurting spring.
(4) to cicada metaphor noble moral character. The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character.
(5) contrast desolation with the prosperity of vegetation to express ups and downs.
"After ten miles of spring breeze, the wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow)-Yangzhou Road, which used to be very prosperous after ten miles of spring breeze, is now full of green wheat and desolate. This sentence contrasts today's desolation with the prosperity of weeds and wheat.
"It's spring when the grass is green in front of the steps, and birds are singing happily under the leaves." (Du Fu's Shu Xiang)-Generations of sages and their achievements have disappeared. Now, only the grass reflected by the green stone steps gives birth to spring scenery every year, and the oriole makes this beautiful cry in vain. The poet lamented the emptiness of the past and deeply regretted it.
"There are wild grass flowers on Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique." (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane)-The prosperity of Suzaku Bridge in the past has disappeared, the bridge is covered with weeds and wild flowers, Wuyi Lane has lost its former glory, and the sunset reflects the ruin and desolation of the alley.
⑥ Chrysanthemum-loyal and noble quality.
Although chrysanthemum can't be compared with peony or orchid, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold incense in the branches and die than blow it in the flowers" (Cold Chrysanthemum by Zheng Songxiaosi), "Dew in the Lonely East, Sand shines before the gold" (Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang by Song Fan Chengda), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
⑦ Plum blossom-proud of frost and snow, not afraid of setbacks, pure and white.
Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.
8 loose-loyal and noble.
Pine trees are a model of fighting frost and snow, and naturally they are the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Serina Liu in the Three Kingdoms gave his younger brother: "Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
Pet-name ruby lotus-show love
Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.
Indus-a symbol of desolation and sadness
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "Double Water Diversion and Rain Fairy at Night": "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the third night." Use buttonwood leaves to fall, rain to hit banana, and write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
○ 1 1 cuckoo-a symbol of desolation and sadness
In ancient mythology, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biaoyao had this letter": "Huayang fell to the ground and Wendao Longdu crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. " The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is the scene of the eyes, which conveys the feeling of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of caring for the bright moon. He Zhu, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote "Remembering Qin E": "In the middle of the night, pear blossoms and snow just fell in the atrium; Pear blossoms are overwhelming, and azaleas cry blood. " In the middle of the night, the moonlight shines on the snow-white pear flowers in the courtyard, and the cuckoo is mourning, which makes people miss their loved ones more and feel sad. Poets express their deep homesickness by describing sad scenery. Others, such as "the lonely pavilion is cold in spring, the cuckoo sounds in the sunset" (Walking on the sand), "Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, but he can't call it back if he doesn't believe in the east wind" (Ling's "Sending Spring"), all express his sadness or homesickness with the cuckoo's wailing.
○ 12 partridge bird-parting from sorrow
The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "Autumn dusk is full of grass, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the partridges" in the Tang Dynasty), "Worrying about the river in the evening, the mountains are deep and the partridges smell" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man, Writing a Wall in Jiangxi").
○ 13 Hongyan-homesick wanderer, homesick and sad when traveling.
Hongyan is a large migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and wandering sorrow. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactful. There are also thoughts about geese, such as "I smell the sound of geese at night, I feel homesick, and I feel sick during the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's play Answering Yuan Zhen), "When the stars cross the building, the flute leans against the building" (Tang Zhao's "Looking at the Autumn in Chang 'an"), and "The stars are cold and blue, and the geese are sad and red" are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common. For example, "The geese don't answer me when crossing the river, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky"), "Shuo Yan handed out a book and Xiang Yan dyed more tears" (Li Shangyin's "Lisi").
In poetry, people who express their feelings with scenery often have certain fixity, such as: conveying "homesickness" with "the bright moon of hometown"; Communicate "seclusion" with "loose wind and mountains and moons"; Convey "the poet's sorrow" with "the cold forest and the waning moon"; Communicate "acacia bitterness" with "Mid-Autumn Festival full moon"; Convey "forever in my heart" with "falling flowers in the wind and rain, two swallows flying alone, and a heavy pavilion and jade pillow"; Convey "farewell feelings" with "folding willows in a long pavilion"; Convey "the pain of the poet's journey" with "a boat in the rivers and lakes, tears in the moon"; Convey "sadness and joy" by "waking up from a dream, heartbroken willow, cold rain, setting sun and residual candle crying"; Convey "the sigh of the vicissitudes of life" with "the glory of the past is not in sight, and the sunset glow is a few degrees red"; Convey "lamenting the decline of national conditions and loving national conditions" with "empty city falling flowers"; Wait a minute.