Keywords: poet's flower image
Abstract: There are many flower images in Li Bai's poems. When we appreciate his works, it is inevitable to analyze the flower images involved. What is "image"? Meaning is the author's thoughts and feelings, and "image" is a concrete object image. "Image" is an image that contains "meaning", an objective image that entrusts the author's subjective feelings, and a fusion of the author's thoughts, feelings and concrete images. The relationship between "meaning" and "image" is the relationship between "emotion" and "scene", the relationship between "mind" and "object", and the relationship between "spirit" and "form". Empathy for scenery, intention for things, concentration on form and implication for images all become "images". Therefore, understanding the flower images in Li Bai's poems is the key to appreciate Li Bai's poems.
introduce
Li Bai was born. I like to express my feelings with objective natural images. Like birds and flowers. The ancients thought that meaning was an abstract mind in the morning, like an external concrete object; Meaning originates from the heart and is expressed through images, which are actually the sustenance of meaning. In fact, China's traditional poetics refers to the artistic processing skills of expressing feelings with scenes, expressing feelings with scenes and blending scenes. The process of poetry creation is a process of observation, feeling, brewing and expression. The author has feelings for external things, so he entrusts it to the selected specific object, so that it can be integrated into the author's own emotional color and create a specific artistic world, so that readers can recreate it in their hearts according to this artistic world when reading poems, and infiltrate their emotional color on the basis of restoring what the poet sees and feels.
This paper attempts to take the flower images in Li Bai's poems that I came into contact with as the object of investigation, and sort out the flower images expressing the same thoughts and feelings into six categories.
one
One is to express the love of the motherland's landscape and life with the image of flowers. For example, "Dai Tianshan visits Taoist priests": "In the barking of dogs, flowers are picked with dew." Peach blossoms are generally used to describe beauty or beauty. Bai Juyi praised and said, "You have two branches in your hand, which doesn't look like people have them. This thing in the flower is stone, and the hibiscus peony is. " Therefore, it is also called "beauty in flowers". The poet's Peach Blossom with Dew expresses the beauty in daily life with a word "thick" through visual perception. Exactly: life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery. An ordinary peach blossom, because the poet has a heart that loves life, can find its "strong" color. "Looking at the Five Old Peaks of Lushan Mountain": "The Five Old Peaks of Lushan Mountain cut out the Jin Furong in the sky." Lotus: another name for lotus. Lotus is not five petals, and the five old peaks are not "stained with mud, clear but not evil." environment The two can't seem to be connected, but the poet can describe the five old peaks connecting the peaks as "the sky cuts out of Jin Furong" through his own feelings. Vivid and unique. "Green Pavilion in the Night": "Mountain flowers are like embroidered cheeks, and Jiang Huo is like jade." Mountain flower: As the name implies, it is the flower on the hillside. Ignore it, but the poet compares it to "embroidered cheeks". It is precisely because of the poet's love for the motherland and his visual impact that this kind of writing is more interesting than China's. Vivid metaphor, fluent language and vivid description of the night scene in the river reflect the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. ("Five Poems of Yue Nv" Part III): "Laugh into the lotus, don't be ashamed." Lotus is "clear without mud, but not evil." , known as the "gentleman in flowers". It is a symbol and embodiment of beauty, and it is also used to compare the beauty of women. The poet uses the method of "Fu" to unfold the narrative and outline the unique scenery of the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The style is fresh and lively, and the folk songs are strong. "Northern Popular": "Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces fall on Xuanyuantai." In this poem, the poet compares snowflakes to "seats" by "contrast", which exaggerates to the extreme and embodies the poet's heroic style. It is a model of exaggeration and a good sentence of metaphor. "Q&A in the Mountain": "Peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly go away, and there is no heaven and earth." This poem uses the way of "Fu" to express the feeling of seclusion and reading in the form of questions and answers, which is fresh and natural. Peach blossom first became an ideal realm symbolizing literati's seclusion, and it was an isolated peach blossom source in Tao Yuanming's works in the Jin Dynasty. People here are at peace with the world and enjoy the natural beauty. "I don't know if there are any Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties." Peach Blossom Garden has become the spiritual home of reclusive literati in past dynasties, and it has also achieved the "Peach Blossom Garden Complex". Peach blossom is interpreted as a typical poetic image in the chanting of literati in past dynasties. It is a symbol of spring, a symbol of beauty and an ideal paradise. (Song 11 of the Seventeen Songs of Autumn Pu): "The water is in a hurry and the boat is ill, and the flowers are fragrant." Poets use "Xing" to express their love for nature, and common mountain flowers also have their own fragrance, blending scenes. ("Qiu Ge XVII" Part 12): "I can ride the bright moon and see the wine boat flowers." Where can I find flowers at night? This non-fu, non-comparison and non-xing technique combines imagination with reality, and has a strong flavor of life and folk songs. "Heroes' Song of Fufeng": "In the east, the sunrise crows early, and the people in the city gate sweep away the flowers. "Poets use' Fu' to describe ordinary things in daily life, expressing feelings with scenery and giving scenery with affection." Jingmen stands looking at the Shu River: "It is the peach blossom that returns to Jinjiang." "Snow shines on the geese in the sand, and flowers fly out of Gu Ying. "Peach blossom is a symbol of spring in the poetic image. The article describes the beautiful scenery of spring water in Shu and the interest of boating with the method of "Fu", which is vivid and full of passion, revealing the poet's happy mood. (Part II of Eight Palace Poems): "The willow is golden and tender, and the pear blossoms are snowy. "The poet starts with color and emphasizes vision and taste. ("Travel Notes of Two Boys" Part II): "Where are the fallen flowers? Laugh into Huji Wine Shop. Falling flowers: petals falling from plants. Falling: This refers to the falling of flowers and leaves of plants. The poet used "blessing" instead of "disability", and used the word "smile" to express the poet's generosity to nature and his enthusiasm for what is pleasing to the eye. " Seeking harmony, respecting teachers and living in seclusion: "flowers are warm, green cows lie down, and pine, cypress and crane sleep." "Poets write flowers from the perspective of vision and warmth (hot and cold). A word "warm" is full of infinite charm. There is movement in silence, movement in silence, and the realm of quiet beauty arises spontaneously.
Li Bai's personality is bright and clear, so his poems are sincere and full of emotion. He has always opposed carving chapters and sentences. As the saying goes, "since Jian 'an, beauty is not precious" (the first part of "Ancient Style"), he studied hard and won the natural charm of folk songs. The language of his poems is simple and true, without affectation, just as he said, "Clear water produces hibiscus, and it is naturally carved." "
two
The other is to use the image of flowers to compare the sad mood of being a guest in a foreign country. For example, one of the "Six Stuffed Poems" reads: "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain, without flowers, it is cold." The poet described the cold of Tianshan Mountain in May with Fu and Xing. The word "cold" not only describes the poet's warm feelings, but also shows the cold of the objective environment. "Six Poems of Xia Sai" Part V: "The moon is accompanied by a bow shadow, and Shuang Hu blows a sword flower." "The moonlight is accompanied by a bow shadow, and the frost flowers are blowing." This poem describes the soldiers marching at night. Shuang Hu is compared to a sword flower, which expresses the pain of an epidemic. "Recalling the past, send a ride to the county to join the army": "Xing Lai takes prostitutes by, if it is like snow!" Flowering: Pollen is scattered after flowering. The poet used the technique of "Bixing" to bring out the past plots one by one. (the sixth song of "Qiupu Song 17"): "Worry about Qiupu guests, but look at Qiupu flowers." The poet used "Xing" to express his sadness when he left home. "Xuancheng still sees azaleas": "Shu once heard azaleas, and Xuancheng also saw azaleas. One is called, one is ileum, one is broken, and there are three buses in March and March. " Rhododendron: ① Birds, also known as Du Yu, Rhododendron and Zigui; ② Plants, also known as Rhododendron. It has always been a symbol of homesickness. This poem is a combination of prosperity and prosperity. It describes the poet's meeting with azaleas in Xuancheng, touching the scene, associating with the common cuckoo in Sichuan, and evoking his memories and attachment to his hometown in Sichuan. The syllables of this poem are beautiful and natural, just like nature. The poet's strong homesickness can only be expressed through this euphemistic and lingering syllable. Nautilus Island: "The leaves are fragrant and the wind is warm, and the shore is full of flowers and waves." This poem is about the gorgeous spring scenery of Nautilus Island, symbolizing the beautiful spring when peach blossoms are in full bloom. However, he expressed his loneliness after being displaced.
three
The third category is to use the image of flowers to insinuate the dark forces, to compare adulterers, mediocrity and incompetence, or to compare talents through comparison. For example (the first part of "Two Songs to Send Pei Nan to Songshan Mountain"): "The wind blows vanilla, and there is no bird talk in the daytime." Orchids are elegant, dignified and fragrant, and have always been a symbol of noble personality. In this poem, Fang Lanbi is regarded as a talented person, which strongly exposes the favor, betrayal and harm of Tang Xuanzong to talents. "I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to deliver this letter": "A hundred flowers blossom and dragons cross five streams." When all the flowers are in full bloom, the cuckoo is moaning. This poem expresses deep concern and sympathy for Wang Changling's misfortune by metaphor. "Peach Blossoms Open to the East Garden" (the 47th time of "Ancient Style"): "Peach Blossoms Open to the East Garden, laughing and boasting." ..... no beauty? But I'm afraid these flowers are not real. "This poem skillfully satirizes those who curry favor with others and win the favor of the moment with vivid, charming and flashy peach blossoms." Lotus Mountain in the West (Part 19 of Antique): "When you hold the lotus in your hand, you will be too clear in vain. "Lotus: another name for lotus. Perennial herb, growing in shallow water, the underground stem is called lotus root, the fruit is called lotus seed, and the flowers and leaves are for people to watch. Lotus is gorgeous and fragrant, with green leaves, which is very elegant. Zhou Dunyi's masterpiece "The Theory of Love Lotus" calls it "getting out of the mud without being stained" and regards it as a symbol of innocence and nobility. The embodiment of beauty. This poem takes the lotus as the center and fictionalizes an ethereal fairyland, which is quiet and beautiful. It set off a cruel scene of rebels running rampant and people suffering in the Central Plains, and strongly condemned the Anshi rebellion.
four
The fourth category refers to love and friendship with flower images. Such as (the first part of Sauvignon Blanc): "A single flower is in the middle." The poet compares beauty to flowers by means of comparison. This is a lyric poem describing the suffering of lovesickness, describing his unimaginable separation from the people he misses, and reflecting the poet's mood after he was forced to leave Beijing. ("Acacia" II): "The day is full of flowers and smoke, and the moon is as bright as the element." Poets use "Fu" to describe the flower scene at dusk and express the suffering of lovesickness. The more beautiful the scenery is, the more fragile the heart is. Contrast can not only set off, but also have a strong artistic appeal. (The first of "Three Songs of Qingping Tune"): "Clouds want clothes and flowers, and the spring breeze blows." Poets give vivid life to "clouds" and "flowers" through metaphors. ("Three Songs of Qingping Tune" Part II): "A red incense is heartbroken in vain." ): Use "a red branch" instead of flowers. From a visual point of view, the bonus is red. Olfactory, flowers. ("Three Songs of Qingping Tune" Part III): "Famous flowers enjoy each other and look at you with a smile." The first two poems in this group are famous flowers and beautiful women, which are both virtual and real. Sometimes flowers are used to describe beautiful women, and sometimes they are compared with beautiful women. The third famous flower is sung by Ming Sect, and the person who wrote it is lifelike, which is a wonderful pen. Breaking up in a hotel in Nanjing: "A wind brought catkins and made the store sweet. A girl named Wu poured wine and advised me to share it." This poem directly uses fu to describe life scenes. This is a farewell poem that Li Bai left Jinling for Yangzhou as a gift for his friends. Willow symbolizes farewell and parting in poetic images. This poem also uses Liu Hua as a farewell symbol. On the way to Yangzhou, I bid farewell to Meng Haoran: "The old friend stayed in the West Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March." This poem uses metaphor to symbolize the gorgeous scenery of spring with fireworks. Express the author's reluctant farewell to his friends. "I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to deliver this letter": "A hundred flowers blossom and dragons cross five streams." This poem expresses deep concern and sympathy for Wang Changling's misfortune by metaphor.
five
The fifth category is the reflection on fleeting time by comparing the images of flowers. For example, "Lu Jun wants to send Dou Mingfu Bohua back to Xijing": "The green beads downstairs are full of flowers, and there is no one there today!" This poem is also rich and magnificent. One is to describe the downstairs garden of a generation of beautiful women, Lvzhu, in an ordinary style. Then express the sadness that time flies. Expressed the poet's thoughts on history and philosophy of life. As time goes by, so does Shu Ming's youth. The deep affection for the glory of peerless celebrities implies the eternal sigh and thinking about all the beautiful lives. "Give Nie Gaozhen after Drunk": "Jiangdong scenery does not lend people, and it is useless to kill flowers." Falling Flowers: Describe the scene last spring. This poem describes the beautiful Jiangdong at this time, but it will soon disappear, symbolizing the last spring of falling flowers. Expressed sorrow for the fleeting time. "Nanjing on the Phoenix Terrace": "Wu Gong Jing Cao Qu, Jin Yi Gu Chen." In this poem, Fu and Xing are combined into one, and the poet expresses the sigh of ups and downs. Things change, so do the dead.
six
The sixth category is to express the poet's unrestrained and free-spirited character and lofty ideal with the image of flowers. For example (the second part of "Rowing in East Lumen"): "The water is the Qinglong stone embankment, and the peach blossoms are in the west of Lumen." This poem describes the poet's interest in boating on a moonlit night in the form of fu, summarizes the unique forms of many natural objects, and embodies the poet's heroic and free-spirited style. Lovers in the Mountain: "Two people drink mountain flowers, one cup after another. I'm so drunk, I want to sleep and leave. The Ming dynasty intended to play the piano. " Narrating the events of communication with lovers in the mountains in the form of fu. In just four poems, the image of an innocent and unruly poet is vividly portrayed. "Work is in the guest": "lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light." Tulip: A rare perennial ornamental plant with gorgeous flowers, which was introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty. Tulips are soulless flowers, but roses and lilies seem to see their souls. ), in this poem, tulip is synonymous with wine. The poet used the method of "Fu" to start the narrative, but forgot the poet's free and easy feelings and the sad realm of life, which flowed between the lines. Former Residence of Xiashimen: "Shimen is full of peach blossoms, and I have been to the Qin family." This poem compares peach blossom to "the source of peach blossom", and the whole poem also reveals a kind of seclusion thought, which shows that the poet has realized the nothingness of seeking immortality, visiting Taoism and seeking wealth and glory. "Lushan sends Lu's royal virtual boat": "From afar, angels ride colorful clouds and go to the Jade City in Heaven, holding hibiscus in their hands." This poem uses hibiscus as a symbol of beauty and sacred chastity, which shows that the poet's description of lakes and mountains is based on the spirit of detachment from reality after hope and frustration. "Dreams will leave one day": "A thousand rocks turn to uncertain roads, and flowers are defeated by stones." This poem describes the fantastic and beautiful scene of Tianmu Mountain in imagination, describes the swaying mountain road with thousands of rocks and flowers, and also metaphors a person's desire to pursue light and get rid of difficulties. Strange ideas, exaggerated and changeable language, through the description of dreams.
Concluding remarks
Because the author's situation, mood and perspective are different, flowers of different colors can also express the same meaning. That is to say, in the case of the same meaning, the image is different. That is, the same or similar feelings can be pinned on different images to form an original image. For example, those famous sentences that also write "flowers" can choose different images. The poet projects his feelings and feelings on all the objective images suitable for projection between heaven and earth, and places his aesthetic experience on the objective images suitable for pinning between heaven and earth. This is an image. In other words, image is something that moves the author's feelings in poetry. When we appreciate it, we must first make it clear that the author wants to express his inner feelings through images. In addition, we should also understand our traditional aesthetic habits, such as "looking at the moon and thinking about a distance", "hurting the spring and mourning the autumn", "thinking about the passing years when seeing the running water" and "worrying about the rain in the phoenix tree". In a word, image is the subject of poetry and an important clue to understand poetry, its structure and effect. Similarly, when we appreciate Li Bai's poems and songs, it is necessary to understand the artistic conception of flower images in his poems.
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Modern Chinese Dictionary Southern Publishing House 2003
Poems of Li Bai, by Li Bai (Tang Dynasty), Commercial Press 1928.
Complete Works of Li Taibai, Li Bai, Zhonghua Book Company1977;
Poems of Li Bai (Tang Dynasty), Li Bai, People's Literature Publishing House1961;
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