It is not novel to follow such a simple topic that is not too low in general, but it will be safe to do so. If you want to get high marks in the composition of the examination room, you should not only do a good job in reviewing and conceiving the topic, but also do a good job in drafting, beginning and ending the topic. Because the composition in the examination room must have a strong "visual impact", the marking teacher should be attracted and moved by it in an instant.
To do this, we must rely on the title, the beginning, the end and the language. First, write a beautiful composition for the senior high school entrance examination. After providing certain materials and determining certain topics, please write your own topics.
Many candidates' articles are well written, but the topics are poor, which affects the score of the whole article. As we all know, the topic is the eye of the article and the embodiment of the soul of the article.
A good topic can add luster to an article. As the saying goes, "A good topic is half the battle". The standard of a good topic is accuracy, conciseness, novelty and expressiveness.
Accuracy means that it can reflect the main idea of the article, be consistent with the content of the article, be irrelevant and novel. Concise, that is, like the title of the article, it should not be too long, generally not more than 12 words.
So how to be novel and expressive? Rhetoric can be skillfully used to make the topic shine. (1) Use metaphors.
The title of "Chameleon" uses a chameleon that changes color with the environment, which not only implies the main characters, but also points to the core of its essential characteristics, with vivid image and good satire. "It's sunny after dark clouds" is a metaphor: after being depressed, life becomes happy and beautiful again.
(2) using personification. "Your Majesty" in "Your Majesty's Weather" was originally a title of respect for the monarch. The personification here not only reveals the great authority of the weather, but also enhances its vividness and interest.
Another example is a travel essay describing the return to nature and life, which adopts the anthropomorphic proposition: "Listen to the heartbeat of Mother Nature". (3) Use puns.
The first "Hulu" in the title of "Hulu Monk's Judgment on Hulu" refers to Hulu Temple, but the last one refers to the word "Hulu Ti" in Song and Yuan Dynasties, which is ambiguous and puzzling. Here, it is used to refer to abnormal laws and to expose the dark and decadent insider of feudal rule, which is exquisite. "A Blue Sky" is a pun: in the rain, the blue umbrella holds up a world of clear skies and pure friendship between classmates.
(4) Use quotation. The title of "Silkworm Will Weave to Death" not only summarizes the objective fact that silk is the life composition of silkworm, but also embodies the key points of the full text, and also contains praise for the contribution of silkworm to mankind.
Grass by Qingjiang River reflects the hard life of mowing grass all day when I was a child, and shows the different life feelings of two generations in Grass by Qingjiang River. Your deskmate narrates the friendship of classmates.
Life needs seven colors of sunshine, which reveals the feelings of middle school students: they are eager to get out of the boring life of reading dead books all day and build a colorful middle school life. How are you getting along in a foreign land? I miss my friends far away, and I miss them beyond words.
"The wind wrinkles a pool of spring water" describes the strong response caused by reducing the burden on campus. "Although I am dead, I have a lasting feeling," recalled an old teacher who devoted himself to education.
"Wish people a long time, thousands of miles away * * *" tells the deep affection of compatriots on both sides of the strait for the Mid-Autumn Festival. "Where to Wake Up Tonight" exposes the corruption of public funds to eat and drink in society.
(5) Utilization problem. Such as "Why are flowers so red", "Who is the cutest person" and "Where does food come from", etc., which arouse readers' thinking and make readers have a * * * sound with the author in understanding and emotion.
Second, opening a "phoenix head" is like the portal in the article, giving people the first impression. Its quality is very important to the article. A good beginning is often compared to "Phoenix Head".
The beginning of a good article can have the effect of "sounding", which can attract the attention of the marking teachers and win their good feelings. How to make a good start? First of all, the beginning must be consistent with the topic, and must closely follow the main content and central idea of the full text, so as to serve the center and not digress from Wan Li in pursuit of novelty.
Secondly, get into the theme quickly, the language should be concise, and it is best to come straight to the point. Some students always beat around the bush when they put pen to paper, and they don't know what to say for a long time.
Remember, don't play "deep" and don't play mysterious "philosophy". We should have a clear-cut stand, speak fast, release "emotional power" as soon as possible, and quickly impress the mind of the marking teacher.
Of course, the most important thing for a good start is innovation and extraordinary. This requires candidates to be good at originality and discover valuable new things from the smallest things. Then, if you use it from the beginning, you will get twice the result with half the effort.
Common methods are: (1) setting suspense to keep others' appetite. For example, "Lily Valley" begins: "I am the seed of a flower, and the wind has brought me to a mysterious valley, which may be doomed to my unsuccessful growth."
This puzzle at the beginning makes readers guess, which increases the mystery of the composition and makes readers want to continue reading after reading the beginning. (2) Quotations enter the topic and punctuate famous sayings.
This kind begins with a motto, proverb, poem, story or metaphor, and then takes it as the core, making the opening full of new ideas. This method can enhance the artistic charm of the article, and has the effect of making the past serve the present and exploring the secret.
For example, there is an article entitled "WTO and China Culture", and the young author begins with the following words: "Castle Peak cannot hide itself, after all, it flows eastward. China's accession to the WTO is an irresistible historical trend.
Entering WTO will not only bring new opportunities and challenges to the national economy, but also mean a kind of contact, collision, integration and docking between China culture and WTO member culture. Quote ancient poems at the beginning, stick to the center of the topic, and make a remarkable speech.
(3) ask questions. Ask questions at the beginning, or attract readers' attention, or stimulate readers to think, or make suspense fascinating.
Third, do a good job in the tail basket and focus on ending. This composition, too, has a good ending, which can give readers a profound artistic infection, inspire readers to think deeply and get education from it.
The ending should help reveal the theme and structure of the article.
2. Writing skills and methods 1. Improve the ability to understand and express things. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, pointed out: "Writing anything depends on knowledge and experience. What kind of knowledge and experience can make you write something. On the other hand, if you don't have the ability to express understanding, you can't write a good composition. "
Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, set up a big composition concept and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically.
First, we should pay attention to the examination of questions; The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language. Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is broken down year by year:
First-grade words, second-grade sentences, third-grade fragments, fourth-grade chapters, fifth-grade synthesis, and sixth-grade improvement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries out five trainings.
According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner:
(1) word training. Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing. Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences. Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing.
(2) Sentence training. As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone. Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment. In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph. Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5) On-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content. Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn something, express the true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.
Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity. After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement. Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write.
Write down your truth.
"Write your honest words" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said. It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations. "Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality.
3. How to write a 200-word composition?
The following is my experience for your reference.
Children in lower grades begin to read synchronized compositions, which can be imitated. Training children to tell stories is good for writing.
Senior children. Be sure to practice your pen frequently.
1, a good article comes from life, write what you see and hear; Write your own personal experience; Write your true feelings, so that the article will be vivid and touching.
2. Writing is not accomplished overnight. But in the face of today's exam-oriented education, we might as well learn some skills. For example, recite more paragraphs at ordinary times, with a good beginning and a good ending. To prepare for the exam.
3. Read more, study hard and learn from it. Good articles, good words and sentences, learn to accumulate.
4. Create a novel and unique article title. Sometimes you can get twice the result with half the effort.
5. Keeping a diary can not only practice writing, but also accumulate materials.
6. Learn to quote famous sayings and immortal poems to make your article more convincing.
7. Usage of good words and sentences. Good words and sentences used in the article can add color to your article and sublimate it. But it should be just right, not too much, too much will appear flashy.
8. apply what you have learned, that is, the ability to change, and change with the same.
9, close to nature, go out for a walk more during the holidays, see more and learn more.
10, being close to nature can also make your collected materials more colorful.
References:
give rise to
I hope my answer can help you, and I wish you progress in your study!
4. Steps and methods of writing —— A brief introduction to the notes of the writing training method of Shen Shi.
One: The purpose of writing is communication.
People need to communicate with each other, and communication must have certain forms, such as speaking, body movements or writing.
The purpose of communication is to let others know what you want to express, and this content is in your mind.
The general procedure of communication is as follows:
Xiao Ming communicates with Xiaolong, and Xiao Ming knows well. This content may be an image or an abstract thought and feeling. Now he wants to tell this to Xiaolong. He wrote it in written language. Xiaolong read the sentences or articles written by Xiao Ming, and the contents also appeared in his mind. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is similar or even the same as that in Xiaoming's mind, Xiaolong will understand Xiaoming and the purpose of communication will be achieved. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is different from Xiaoming's, Xiaolong will not understand Xiaoming's meaning and the purpose of communication will not be achieved.
Now, for example:
The teacher wrote a sentence according to the content in his mind: Xiaoqing stood up.
Let the students read this sentence and something will appear in their minds. Ask the students to close their eyes and see what appears in their minds. Then, let the students make the contents in their minds and show them to the teacher to see if they are the same as those in the teacher's mind. On the whole, there should be no problem.
Then make the following sentences:
1: He is playing.
He is playing football.
He shouted, "Hey!" Fly your right foot and kick the ball to the gate.
Here, generally speaking, the sentences 1 and 2 are prone to different situations. For example, in the sentence of 1, the teacher has three sentences in his mind, but he wrote' He is playing'. Students may think of playing basketball or skipping rope after reading this sentence. Of course, you can't say the sentences misunderstood by students, so the first sentence is easy to be misunderstood. The second sentence is the same.
But after reading the third sentence, the content in students' minds will be consistent with that in teachers' minds, and there will be no misunderstanding, thus achieving the purpose of communication.
Then, why are sentences 1 and 2 misunderstood, while the third sentence is not? The reason is that the first two sentences are not Confucian behavior sentences and are not specific; The third sentence is a Confucian behavior sentence, which is written in great detail.
The teacher asked the students to write a specific composition, which means to write a Confucian behavior sentence.
So what is the behavior sentence of Confucianism? We will explain it in "Two".
Friend, are you inspired? Yes, that's great! You are my bosom friend. No? Well, that's all right. Keep reading. I promise you, you will get a lot.
Two: how to develop things and write concrete?
In writing training, narrative is the most basic style, and writing practice should start with learning narrative. What did you write in the narrative? As the name implies, it is writing. How do we write? It depends on how we do things, how we do things and how we write. How do we do things? When we do things with Confucian behavior, we must write things with Confucian behavior sentences.
1: What is Confucian behavior?
We do things with Confucian behavior. There are six kinds of Confucian behaviors: action, seeing, speaking, hearing, feeling and thinking.
2. What is the behavior sentence of Confucianism?
Sentences that express Confucian behavior are called Confucian behavior sentences. We use Confucian behavior sentences to write things. There are six kinds of behavior sentences of Confucianism: action sentences, seeing sentences, saying sentences, listening sentences, feeling sentences and thinking sentences.
3. Confucian behavior sentence:
A: Action sentence: 1): He turned his head. He is standing on the ground.
B: See sentence: 1): He saw Xiaolong standing on the ground. She saw a pile of books on the windowsill.
C: Sentence: 1): He said, "Hey, don't go." 2): Xiaoming sings: "Beautiful grassland ..."
D: Hear the sentence: 1) Hear the teacher shout: "Sit down!" He heard a dog barking.
E: Feeling sentence: 1): I feel hungry. 2): Xiao Ming thinks he has a good personality.
F: I think: 1) He thinks: I'm so thirsty, I want to drink water. 2) I think: This flower is so beautiful that I want to buy it.
4.lianhua:
Xiao Ming was walking when he saw a red flower among the trees by the roadside. He thinks it's beautiful. He thought, I want to take it home and put it in a vase. He walked to the front of the flower (action sentence), broke the flower (action sentence), and then left with the flower (action sentence).
Discussion: The above is Xiao Ming's practice of picking flowers. In this case, there are action behavior (3), seeing behavior (1), feeling behavior (1) and thinking behavior (1). In order to do this, a * * * used six behaviors of Confucianism, so when we wrote this, we used six behaviors of Confucianism.
Note that the first and last sentences don't count.
So we need to expand and write things in detail, just write the actions in the right order.
5. Writing skills and methods Writing skills: First, accumulating rich writing materials is the first condition.
Many experts in writing are quick-thinking, and the important reason is that they have a rich library of materials in their minds. They can write articles with ease and make ends meet. If students want to write a good composition, they must make great efforts to accumulate composition materials.
Writer Qin Mu said: "A writer should have three warehouses: a direct material warehouse containing materials obtained from life; One indirect warehouse contains materials from books and materials, and the other is a warehouse that collects people's languages on a daily basis. With these three articles, it is better to write. "
The first two warehouses mentioned in this passage are exactly what students should do to write a good composition. 1. The best way to accumulate "life materials" is to keep an observation diary.
The common problem for students to keep diaries is a running account. I am too lazy to write because I feel boring. I suggest you write according to the method taught by Mr. Lao She: "You should carefully observe the character and characteristics of Lao Wang or Lao Li around you, pay attention at any time, write it down at any time ... remember it every day and form a habit."
A gust of wind blows, you write it down; You can also write down the next shower, because you don't know when you need to describe a gust of wind or shower in your work. Without this accumulation, there would be no rich writing. |2, accumulate "materials from books", on the one hand, combine reading and writing in Chinese class through classroom reading; On the other hand, we should rely on extracurricular reading and insist on writing abstract reading notes.
If each excerpt uses a piece of paper, it is a reading card. As the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad writing."
No matter how strong the memory is, after a long time, there are always some things that will be forgotten. If you extract what you think is wonderful when reading, you can not only avoid forgetting, but also facilitate reading.
The so-called "wonderful content" worth refining. It is related to readers' interests, hobbies, level, needs and other factors, and there is no unified standard.
Generally speaking, wonderful aphorisms, vivid descriptions, novel and profound viewpoints, lively and interesting dialogues and even beautiful words can be classified and extracted. In order to facilitate future reference, it is also necessary to indicate the source of materials after the original excerpt.
Many students have written excerpts or reading notes, but not many insist on writing. Unfortunately, a useful job fell by the wayside.
According to statistics, Marx wrote Das Kapital and wrote 1500 kinds of "abstracts". Lenin wrote philosophical notes and directly quoted dozens of philosophical works. Like a revolutionary teacher, insisting on writing abstract reading notes will make you smart, full and rich, and make you think quickly when writing in the future.
Second, the training and improvement of writing ability is not a one-off event, which requires long-term planning. Therefore, we should arrange the order of composition training. What is the most reasonable order? From the growth of many writers, we have seen colorful "sequences", and it is still difficult to say which is the universal truth.
The following is the training sequence of "seven before seven after", which may be a common meaning. Please refer to your own situation. 1 Practice writing narrative and descriptive articles first, and then practice writing explanatory and argumentative papers.
Practice writing your own personal experience first, and then practice writing what others tell you. 3. Pay attention to training observation and accumulation first, and then pay attention to training analysis and expression. Practice writing simple things first, and then practice writing complex things.
5. Don't be limited by the "frame" of writing, let go of the courage of writing; Then according to the basic requirements and characteristics of different articles, standardized training is carried out. 6 "Imitate" first, and write an article drawing a gourd according to the same pattern; After "creation", write novel and unique articles.
7 First, make the article as long as possible, emphasizing expansion and dissemination; After that, try to write a short essay, paying attention to conciseness. The above "seven before seven after" conforms to the law of people's understanding of things, from concrete to abstract, and the law of ability training, from low to high, from clumsy to skilled.
As for when or to what extent as the first and second boundaries, this is another problem that cannot be "one size fits all" and must be analyzed in detail. It's not bad if some students arrange the above seven first and then seven alternately and repeatedly, such as imitating creation and then imitating creation.
Third, we should develop good writing habits. After students enter junior high school from primary school, composition training has embarked on a new course, and special attention should be paid to cultivating their good writing habits. From the writing experience of the winning students in the composition competition, we summarized the following seven good writing habits for students' reference.
1 The habit of "writing a little every day". Many award-winning students said that their composition won the prize because they insisted on keeping a diary. If there is more time, they will write more, and if there is less time, they will write less, even if it is as few as dozens of words.
This is really an experience. As the saying goes, "Never leave your fist, never leave your mouth". Writing every day can make your writing more dexterous and accumulate a lot of composition materials.
2. The habit of "thinking through the whole article and writing an outline of the composition". Don't write a composition unless you know what to write in the next paragraph. You must conceive the whole article and fix the "framework" of the conceived composition in the form of an outline.
People who have been engaged in writing for a long time also have an outline before they start writing, but some hide the outline in their stomachs and call it a "draft by heart." 3 the habit of "reciting the first draft of the article".
In ancient times, there was a habit of "singing" and "humming" when writing poems, because there were many problems that could not be "read" or read aloud. If you are in the examination room, you can only read silently to find out whether the sentence is fluent, whether the tone is coherent, whether the context is fluent and whether the phonology is harmonious.
4. The habit of "seriously modifying". The ancients said, "An article is never tired of changing", which is the golden advice of writing a good article and the experience of all article experts.
Without this habit, it is almost impossible to write a good article. 5 "Don't tell lies" habit.
Any good article must be the expression of the author's true feelings, and any falsehood can't fool the reader's eyes. If students begin to learn to write, they are terminally ill, and there is almost no hope of improvement in the future of composition.
6 "Don't write hard, force yourself to write" habit. Lu Xun said, if you can't write, don't write hard. Of course it's right, because what you try to write is bound to be false.
However, if students can't write the teacher's composition proposition for a while.
6. the method of writing a composition. Accurate examination of questions "Accurate examination of questions is the basis of successful composition!" Through the material composition topics that have appeared in recent years, Teacher Fan thinks that the materials in the topics are regular and can be roughly divided into seven types: fable type, comment type, event type, literature type, information type, cartoon type and pluralistic type.
According to different types of materials, grasping the meaning of materials is helpful for students to fully understand materials. Secondly, it is particularly important to arrange the context structure of the article clearly, which is clear and reasonable.
Because the marking time is limited, the marking teacher will not pay attention to a test paper composition for too long. Therefore, Teacher Fan suggested that students must arrange a clear, clear and refreshing composition structure, so that the marking teacher can read your article quickly and give you a better composition score.
There are many structures of composition, such as five or six paragraphs, total score and total structure, first division and then total structure, subtitle type and so on. It is suggested that students can choose according to their own needs. Third, the composition should have a sense of the times, not only to show its own cultural heritage, but also to show the hot spots of the times. A good composition should have both.
Teacher Fan believes that it is difficult to "conquer" the marking teacher without combining the essays of current social hotspots and blindly listing stories. Students can choose materials from historical stories, but it is best to combine historical stories, historical figures, historical events and reality to express their views.
In addition, students can also choose from recent social hotspots such as financial turmoil, Olympics, college students' entrepreneurship, food hygiene and safety, and the spirit of work-study program, ability and skills. But remember to think high, don't just dwell on trivial things. Only by standing high can you see far.