First, pass the ancient Chinese reading pass. To learn China's ancient literature well, we must first pass the ancient Chinese reading barrier, that is, we can read classical Chinese. If we don't understand classical Chinese, or we don't understand it accurately, then our analysis and comments on the works are like buildings on the beach, which are easy to collapse. To understand classical Chinese, we mainly rely on reading more and seeing more. Read more works and choose some good works to read again and again. Only by reading more books can we gradually master the rich vocabulary and grammatical rules of classical Chinese. In the process of reading a lot, we can read some books introducing the laws of ancient Chinese to help us improve our reading ability. Now there are many young comrades who like ancient literature, often starting from their love for Tang poetry and Song poetry. Many excellent chapters in Tang poetry and Song poetry are really the essence of China ancient literature, which should be read and studied. However, in order to cultivate the reading ability of ancient Chinese, we must read more essays; Because the grammatical structure of prose is more formal than poetry, there are not as many inversions and omissions as poetry. From the perspective of laying a foundation, it is better to read more essays. When reading prose, you can read some relatively simple works, such as Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, and then you can read ancient prose, Historical Records, Hanshu and Chunqiu Zuozhuan. The reading ability of ancient Chinese can be basically solved. To cultivate the reading ability of ancient Chinese, just like learning a foreign language, we must work hard, spend a few years reading and read more books. Now the old gentleman in his seventies and eighties has read a lot of ancient books when he was young, so he has a good foundation. Nowadays, young comrades, because of different conditions, generally read less ancient books, or even less, so they have shallow roots. If you plan to study China's ancient literature in the future, you must make up your mind, arrange your time, concentrate on reading more works and related documents, and read China's ancient literature well. Second, pay attention to several relationships. When studying and studying ancient documents, we need to pay attention to several relationships. The first is the relationship between point and surface. China's ancient literature has a wide range, which can be divided into pre-Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and other historical periods, and each historical period has works of various genres such as poetry, prose and novels. For this wide range, we can find one or two books, The History of China Literature and Selected Works of Past Dynasties, to get a general understanding of the important writers and works in different periods. This is the common sense of classical literature. In the ancient literature of China, such as poems in the early Tang Dynasty, poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, etc. were all partially deleted. As for Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei, etc. This is a key point. To deeply understand the works of some important writers, we must put them in the literary environment of his time and in the development of literary history. Therefore, we can't study a single point in isolation, but we must combine points and surfaces. The second is the left-right relationship. The so-called left-right relationship means that a writer's contemporaries are closely related to him. They often inspire and influence each other in their creation and should be studied together. Taking Bai Juyi as an example, he has a deep friendship with poets such as Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji and Liu Yuxi, and has a certain creative tendency. Therefore, it is necessary to study writers who are closely related to creation and often form a genre. We should study a writer and his genre. The so-called context refers to a writer's inheritance from the previous generation of literature and his influence on literature. Comparatively speaking, it is particularly important to understand the relationship with the literature of the previous generation; Because an important criterion for us to evaluate a writer is to see what new things he has provided than the writers of the past. If you don't know the writers of past dynasties, you can't make this judgment. Before studying Li Bai's poems, I had studied the literature of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and carefully read Selected Poems of Zhaoming and Yuefu. Thus, we have a clear understanding of how Li Bai's poems inherit and develop the excellent traditions of literati poems and Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The third is the relationship between expository writing and intensive reading. When reading ancient works and related documents, we must distinguish between extensive reading and intensive reading, and we can't exert ourselves equally. Important books should be read carefully and repeatedly, and browsing can generally be adopted. We must pay attention to these key books in our research. When I was studying Yuefu poetry, I carefully read Yuefu poetry and got a clear understanding of its classification, system and origin, as if I had grasped the outline, and many problems were easy to identify and master. Many Yuefu poems are rich in prefaces, postscripts and explanations, and rich in quotations. I have read many times and consulted relevant materials according to the clues provided by them, and my understanding of Yuefu poetry has gradually deepened. The World Expo is also very important. A lot of superficial knowledge related to the research site must be understood. Browsing is wider, but you can read faster and rougher. When China has a problem closely related to the research object, he should scrutinize it carefully. Third, expand the field of cultural knowledge, study and study China ancient literature, and read more widely. Supplement: First, read more history books. China's literature and history have always been closely related. Literary works are produced in a certain historical environment, and their contents reflect various historical and social phenomena; To deeply understand the ideological content of literary works, we must be familiar with history. Many works of great poets such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Lu You and Xin Qiji are closely related to the state affairs at that time, so it is particularly necessary to be familiar with history when reading. When I was in college, I first read Selected Works of Zhaoming, which was rather difficult to understand. After graduation, I systematically read The History of Han Dynasty, The History of Later Han Dynasty, The Book of Jin Dynasty and The History of Southern Dynasties, and got a more specific understanding of the history of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. When I read Selected Works of Zhaoming again, I made great progress in understanding. It is necessary to read several historical books systematically and have a relatively complete understanding of historical phenomena in a period; In this way, when reading a literary work, a specific impression of its historical background will emerge in your mind. Read more history, especially Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu, etc. , can not only enrich historical knowledge, but also help to cultivate the reading ability of ancient Chinese. Historical Records and Hanshu are not only well written, but also standardized in language, which helps us to master the laws of ancient Chinese. They also contain a lot of allusions, which are often used by later generations. Familiarity with these allusions is also an important condition for removing obstacles to reading ancient Chinese. Fourth, find a good guide and master weapons. The number of ancient books in China is very rich. Facing this voluminous ancient book, we must read some catalogue books, just like finding a guide to find the information we need to read. As for the catalogue books, The History of Han and the Records of Sui Shu Classics are fundamental and must be read intensively. A kind of reading guide books compiled by modern people, such as "Essential Classic Problem Solving and Reading Methods" (Liang Qichao), "Introduction to Classics" (Zhou Yutong), "Classic Problem Solving" (Lv Simian) and "Examples of Classical History in China" (Zhang Shunhui), are all good books, which are helpful for us to know and learn the original works. In addition, you can find one or two reference books written by modern people as a guide. Generally speaking, to study and study China's ancient literature, we need to find materials, understand materials, and analyze and criticize materials. Understand bibliography and be familiar with the categories and sources of ancient literature contributions in order to find information smoothly. Read more ancient prose, ancient history and other related documents, mainly to understand these materials, and put the research object in a specific historical condition to understand. Wang Yunxi (born in 1926) is a researcher of modern literature in China. Shanghai Jinshan people. He is currently a professor at Fudan University and director of the Teaching and Research Section of Classical Literature. He participated in the compilation of Selected Literary Works of Zhu Dongrun and China in Past Dynasties, including Yuefu, Folk Songs of Six Dynasties and History of China Literary Criticism.
Please accept it, thank you!