Sima Yi is a man who is "jealous at home and lenient at abroad" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), but Cao Cao knows that he is "ambitious" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Here, Wang Dao sat down and asked about the specific situation of Jin's past life. Wang Dao described Sima Yi's achievements and all kinds of cruel means when he started his business, and talked about what Si Mazhao did in the aristocratic township. Jin Mingdi was so ashamed that he buried his face in the bed and said, "If it is fair, Jin will have long-term stability" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji)! This is a false statement that belittled Sima's family in ancient times. The Jin Dynasty had strict taboo etiquette, and did not even say the names of ancestors in front of their sons. Pei Songzhi commented in Zhuge Liang Biography: "It is unreasonable to expose the shortcomings of Xuandi and destroy his father." Wang Dao, a gentleman, would persuade Jin Mingdi to imitate the justice of his ancestors. He can't say the fault of Sima Yi and his son. Besides, Sima Yi's father and son were innocent in the incident of Cao Shuang and returning home.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, once made a historical comment on the Book of Jin Xuandi Ji, pointing out the contradiction or imbalance of Sima Yi in personality, military affairs and politics. The original text is as follows: Fu Tiandi is big, and Li Yuan is the foundation. When the country is expensive, the head of state comes first. Chaos is impermanent, and it is lucky to rise and fall. Therefore, above the five emperors, living in Wancheng is troublesome; The three kings have come, and they have fun in their worries. Fight for information, interests, size and strength. After Wei's arrest, the three parties fought endlessly and the atmosphere was foggy. Huang Xuan, standing in the sky, should assist his life in time, treat it with words and use it with strength. Choose people as yourself, not as yourself; The unfathomable love, generous and tolerant nature, light and dusty, easy to roll with the times, is a storm. Showing loyalty and treachery, Yan' an is in danger. Seeing that the hero is slightly broken inside, the heroic spirit is strong outside, Gong Sun is in a hundred days, and Meng Da is in surplus. Because the soldiers are moving, there is no plan. Then embrace the west and hold a stalemate with Zhuge. Suppress his soldiers, have no fighting spirit, and leave his daughter, just to vent their anger. The scepter is the door, and you will try your best. Please fight thousands of miles and cheat as a demonstration. Moreover, the people of Qin and Shu are brave and timid, not enemies. Dangerous roads are different, and their work and rest are different, so their benefits are obvious. However, if we return to the closed army and establish a solid base area, we should not dare to fight again. If you are timid and have no motivation to move forward, you will still be afraid of death. If you are a good soldier, you will lose it! Emperor Wendi's world, assisted by Wing Chong, Xuchang and Xiao He Municipal Committee, worshiped China and was very Huo Guang School. Speaking of dedication, Yi Fu Koch. And Ming Di will eventually, pillar ownership, two main stay, for three dynasties, bear the burden of death, no martyrdom. It's good to kill each other when the emperor is outside and the soldiers are inside, and the land is still wet. The best way is to confuse you with yourself. Is the husband's conquest strategy wise in the east and foolish in the west? The heart of aid, why loyalty to chaos? Therefore, Jin Ming hid his face and was ashamed to deceive success; Schleswig-Holstein talked nonsense, laughed and raped and went back to settle down. The ancients said, "If you accumulate goodness for three years and know little, it will be an evil day, and everyone knows it." Not on purpose! Although I lived in seclusion, I finally met my descendants. I still steal the bell to cover my ears and ignore everyone; Committed to stealing gold, it is said that the city is invisible. Therefore, it is known that those who are greedy will be far away, and those who love profit will hurt their reputation; If you don't harm yourself and benefit others, you will harm the country and the people and benefit others and yourself. It's easy to do things according to the truth, but it's difficult to do things by moving the back. What's more, with the unsuccessful gold base, is it forced? Although I returned to Doug, I was born with virtue, but before dawn, my position was blocked. I can't compete with myself and I can't fight for it. Although I celebrated the future, I finally went to the north.
Because the History of the Three Kingdoms came from the Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou had to make Sima Yi a just party out of political needs, so Sima Yi's loyalty can't be concluded only by the History of the Three Kingdoms. The above information is for reference only, not a conclusion. Press: Chen Shou's works were written privately, and were considered more authentic than the official Shu Wei at that time. The book does not focus on the Jin Dynasty and the Sima family, nor does it praise the Sima family. Many important contents of Sima activities have not been recorded, and even some contents have been misunderstood and distorted. Chen Shou was generally recognized as an outstanding historian at that time, and outstanding people such as Zhang Hua and Du Yu praised his talent.
Brief introduction of Sima yi
Sima Yi (179-25 1) was born in Zhong Da, Hanoi (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). Wei was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period and the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. He used to be the commander-in-chief of Cao Wei, Qiu and Taifu. He was an important minister who assisted the three generations of Wei, and later became a minister in charge of Wei's state affairs. The greatest achievement in my life is that I led the army to successfully fight against Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition many times. Xuanwenhou died in Wuyang, posthumous title, and his second son, Si Mazhao, was made the queen of Jin and the emperor. After Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, he made Xuan Di emperor.
Sima Yi first came from Li Zhong, the son of Emperor Levin, and was a great official of the Xia Dynasty, Zhu Rong, who experienced the Tang Dynasty, Yu, Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty all his life. During the Zhou Dynasty, Xia Guan was Sima. Later, Bai Cheng divorced his father, and when he was in Zhou Xuanwang, he took Kefang, a world official, and Xiguan's family as his surname. At the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, Sima An was the general of Zhao State, and he fought against Qin State with the governors. Qin Wu was the king of Yin, with Hanoi as the capital. Korea regards its land as its county, and its children and grandchildren regard it as their home. From Ang VIII to Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Jun was born in the West, and the word Shu Ping. Sima Shengjun's "yu zhang" is too strict in quantity and acceptable in wording. Yingchuan satrap Sima Juan has a different personality. Jing Sima Fang, a Chinese character. Sima Fang is Sima Yi's father (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Sima Yan, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, said in one of his imperial edicts: "All people were born here, and the rites have been passed down for a long time" (Book of Rites of Jin). Sima Yi, the second son of Sima Fang, is said in history books to be "rare, intelligent, knowledgeable and obedient to Confucianism". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Sima Yi was born in troubled times and "always worried about the world" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Yang, who was the magistrate of Nanyang in his early years, is famous for knowing people and being good at their duties. Sima Yi was less than twenty years old. When Yang met him, he said that he was by no means unusual. Cui Yan, the prime minister, befriended Sima Lang, Sima Yi's brother, and once said to Sima Lang, "Your brother is smart, just disconnected from the Internet, which is beyond his power." (Jin Shu's Xuandi Ji) In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), the county elected him as Shangji rafter. Cao Cao was in power at that time. After hearing his fame, he sent someone to ask him to work in the government. Seeing that the national fortune of the Han Dynasty was weak, Sima Yi refused to be commanded by Cao Cao, so he made an excuse that he had rheumatism and could not live. Cao Cao didn't believe it, so he sent someone to find out the news at night. Sima Yi lay there motionless, as if she was really infected with wind arthralgia.
According to legend, Sima Yi is known as the "tomb-robbing tiger", and is also known as the "exotic tomb-robbing tiger of Wolong Feng Chu" with Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and Jiang Wei. (Folk unofficial history)
chronological table
Born in 179.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao established Sima Yi as a literary hero. He has served as assistant minister of Huangmen, negotiator, Premier of Cao Dong and Premier of Zhu Bo.
In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu.
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao entered the national title, Sima Yi was the prince, and Cao Pi was assisted. Soon, he became a Sima in the Prime Minister's army.
In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died and Sima Yi managed the funeral. In the same year, Cao Pi acceded to the throne as Wei, and Sima Yi was appointed as the Hou of Hejin Pavilion and transferred to the post of Prime Minister.
In the same year, xelloss acceded to the throne, appointed Sima Yi as the minister of history, and soon transferred to overseer, suggestion and cheng, and sealed Anguo Township.
In the second year of Huang Chu (22 1), he was removed from the position of overseer and promoted to the right servant of the assistant minister and minister.
In the year of Huang San (222) and five years (224), Cao Pi attacked Wu twice, taking Sima Yi as the commander of Xuchang, and changed Sima Yi to.
Huang Chu six years (225) in the spring of February, transferred to the government as a general, on holiday, led the troops of five thousand, added to things, record the history.
In May, the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Cao Pi died, and Sima Yi, Cao Zhen, Chen Qun and Cao Xiu were appointed as ministers of auxiliary government. In August, Sun Quan sent troops to attack Wei. Sima Yi defeated Zhu Gejin, beheaded General Zhang Ba, and beheaded more than a thousand soldiers. 12 months, promoted to a title of generals in ancient times.
In June of the first year of Taihe (227), Ming Di ordered Sima Yi to be stationed in Wancheng, and added Jing and Yuzhou military forces.
In the first month of the second year of Taihe (228), Sima Yi captured Mengda, spread it to the capital, and captured more than 10,000 people.
In the fourth year of Taihe (230), Sima Yi was appointed as a general, a governor and a puppet, and attacked Shu with Zhen.
In August, Sima Yi arrived at the west of Kexin County Station from Xicheng along the Mianshui River, and was stationed in Kou Dan, where he was transferred in case of rain.
In the fourth year of Taihe (230), the above table proposed to establish a military camp in Shangbang.
In the fifth year of Taihe, the armies of Yong and Liang began to preside over the war against Shu.
In February of the second year of Qinglong (234), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Wei, and Sima Yi led the army to cross the Wei River and build a barrier to compete with it. The two armies confronted each other.
In May, Wu Jun attacked Wei with 654.38+100,000 roads to cooperate with the Shu army. Wei Mingdi sent Qin Lang to lead twenty thousand people to assist Sima Yi, and led the main force to fight back against Wu Jun. In July, Wu Jun retreated.
In August, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang were at loggerheads for more than a hundred days. Zhuge Liang died in the former army that month and the Shu army retreated.
In the third year of Qinglong (235), Sima Yi was promoted to Taiwei.
In the first month of the second year of Jingchu (238), Sima Yi led Jinniu and Hu Zun to ride 40,000 soldiers to levy Gongsun Yuan and break Xiangping. Slaughter more than 7,000 people to build the North Beijing Temple.
In the first month of the third year of Jing (239), Sima Yi and Cao Shuang accepted the testamentary edict and assisted the young master ICY. Sima Yi served as a servant, held sacrifices, served as commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign armies, recorded history, and Cao Shuang presided over state affairs.
In the second year of Zhengshi (24 1), in April, Sun Quan attacked Wei, and in June, Sima Yi stationed reinforcements and Wu Jun retreated. Planning with Wargo to create a military camp in Huaibei, Huainan.
In July, Jia Sima Yi ate food in Linying, four counties before and after * * *, and there were thousands of food cities. Eleven children have all been lined up.
In September of four years (243), Sima Yi led the army to levy Wu.
In May of the eighth year (247), Sima Yi pretended to be ill and did not ask about political affairs.
In the first month of the first year of Jiaping (249), Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang and his henchmen Yanhe, Ding Mi, Deng Yang, Bi Gui, Li Sheng and Huan Fan. , eliminated the three families.
In April of the third year of Jiaping (25 1), he led an army to crusade against the tomb.
In August of the third year of Jiaping (25 1), Sima Yi died at the age of 73.
Historical achievements
Apart from military affairs, Sima Yi also made great contributions to Wei in economy. In order to restore the northern economy and solve the problem of military grain, the Cao Wei regime once implemented two kinds of land reclamation systems, civilian and military. Sima Yi has made great achievements in promoting military camps. About twenty-three or four years after Jian 'an, Sima Yi was changed by Sima in the Prime Minister's army, and suggested to Cao Cao: "In the past, when Ji Zi was Chen, food came first. Today, more than 200,000 yuan has been built for people who don't farm, which is not raised by the state. Although Jia Rong has not been rolled up, it should be cultivated "("Jin Shu Xuan Di Ji "). Cao Cao did it. As a result, the state of Wei was once "land to the tiller, and the country used it" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Cao Cao adopted this suggestion and died only two years later. In such a short period of time, it is certainly difficult to formalize the military camp and spread it out on a large scale. The main officers in charge of the military camp, such as corps commander, a captain and so on, were all established in Huang Chu (220-226) after Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. This shows that the formalization of the military camp was in the Cao Pi period.
Cao Wei's military garrison was widely carried out, but its main base was set in the border guard area, especially in the military opposition zone with Wu and Shu. The establishment of two military bases in the opposition zone between Cao Wei and Wu and Shu is related to Sima Yi.
In areas adjacent to Cao Wei and Shu Han, such as Chang 'an, Li Huai, Chencang and Shangguan, there are civilians and military organizations. Among them, Shangbang Military Camp is the most famous. This military camp base was established by Sima Yi at the initiative of Shang Biao in the fourth year of Taihe (230). "Records of Food Goods in the Book of Jin" said: "The table was moved from Jizhou to 5,000 farmers, who were tenant farmers and prospered Jingzhao, Tianshui and Nan 'an Yanchi to benefit the army. "Du Zhi Shangshu and Sima Fu, the third brother of Sima Yi, presided over the specific affairs at that time." The book Wang Fu, a biography of Jin 'an Ping, said: "Guanzhong was repeatedly attacked by thieves, and there was not enough food. He sent butyl five, a farmer from Jizhou, to spend thousands of days in Shangguan, practicing in autumn and winter, and ploughing mulberry fields in spring and summer. Because the Guanzhong army has a surplus, it is ready for thieves. " Therefore, Sima Yi and Sima Fu brothers planned to establish the Shangbang Military Camp.
In the fifth year of Taihe, Zhuge Liang attacked Tianshui. At this time, the wheat on the Shanggao military camp has grown up. Some people argued that "wheat should be harvested from Gao Shan to steal the thief's food", but Wei Mingdi refused. "Before and after sending troops to increase publicity for Wang Jun to protect wheat". Sima yi and Zhuge Liang were at loggerheads, and it was thanks to the wheat in the above-mentioned military camp that they won. It was not until the second year (255) that the general of Anxi, Wargo, settled the field again, which was "the method of planting crops, holding thunder, and taking the lead" ("The Book of Jin Duan Zhuochuan"). All these show the importance of going to the military camp.
In the fifth year of Taihe, Sima Yi was stationed in Chang 'an, in charge of the military affairs of Yong and Liang, and began to preside over the war against Shu. In order to strengthen his own strength, he attached great importance to the construction of Guanzhong wasteland base. In the first year of Qinglong (233), Sima Yi organized the construction of water conservancy, "opening a canal, building a canal from Chencang to Li Huai, introducing more than 3,000 hectares of land to irrigate brine" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), and received the effect of "enriching the country" (The Book of Jin Shihuo Zhi). In the third year of Qinglong, there was a famine in Kanto, and Sima Yi transported five million welcome millet to Luoyang, the capital, as a relief fund. It can be seen that he has a lot of food in Guanzhong.
The reclamation in the area adjacent to Cao Wei and Wu Dong is mainly in the north and south of Huaihe River. Cao Cao once "settled the field in Huainan" (Poems of the Three Kingdoms and Shu Wei Cang), but that was only for the people. In the first two years (24 1), Sima Yi presided over the war against Wu. He and Deng Ai, a former cowherd and farmer, planned to camp in Huaibei, Huainan. In the second year, Sima Yi "played the canal, diverted water into the Bianhe River, irrigated the southeast of Beipi, and began to live in the Huaihe River" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). In the third year, Sima Yi once again entered this area, opened the Huaiyang and Bai Chi canals, and restored the vicious areas in the north and south of Yingshang, covering an area of more than 10,000 hectares. Naturally, the Huai River and the Jade River face each other, while Shouyang is the capital, and An Lushan, an agricultural official, even belongs to Yan (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Records of Food Goods in the Book of Jin records that Sima Yi and Deng Ai founded Huaibei to cultivate land, saying, "Today, there are 20,000 people in Huaibei and 30,000 people in Huainan, so divide and rule. Rich in water resources, the income is often three times that of the west. At the end of the year, 5 million yuan is considered military capital. In six or seven years, 30 million sticks can be accumulated in Huai soil, which means that hundreds of thousands of people can eat for five years. ..... From the Huaihe River in the north, to Zhong in the south, to the west of Hengshi, crossing the water for more than 400 miles, camped in five miles, and sixty people were among them, guarding it. At the same time, two canals, Guanghuaiyang and Bai Chi, will be built, leading to the river and Huai Ying, and the vicious areas in Yingnan and Yingbei will be treated. A canal spanning more than 300 miles and 20,000 hectares of irrigated land connect Huainan and Huaibei. From Shouchun to Shi Jing, the voices of agriculture, soldiers, fields and chickens and dogs all belong to each other. "
The large-scale reclamation carried out by Sima Yi and Deng Ai played an important role in promoting the recovery and development of the northern economy, especially increasing the financial resources of Cao Wei and supporting the war with Wu Dong.
(The above information comes from "What is Sima Yi's personality? /Shi Jun/Details _42235.html)
(Recommend Mao Zedong's evaluation of Sima Yi/s/blog _ 559AE20010008l7.html)
Comment on Sima Yi online
Sima Yi's greatest advantage is that he knows how to judge the situation to protect himself. Cao Cao showed his support when he doubted him, made Cao Cao trust him and made him an assistant minister of Cao Pi. Pass two dozen Fancheng, Cao Cao intends to move the capital to avoid sharpness. Sima Yi and Jiang Ji advised Cao Cao not to show weakness, waiting for civil strife in Wu and Shu, and then Guan Er was captured and killed. After Cao Pi replaced Han Dynasty, Sima Yi was highly valued because of his great contribution to him. When Cao Rui was in power, Sima Yi solved Meng Da who was plotting rebellion, showing great strategy. During Zhuge's Northern Expedition, Sima Yi was able to make good use of people and reuse Guo Huai until Zhuge died. Pacify the Gongsun Yuan Rebellion. After entrusting orphans, Cao Rui deliberately pretended to be ill and showed weakness to Cao Shuang, making him arrogant, and then staged a coup in one fell swoop. After solving Cao Shuang, he took over the power of Wei, which created favorable conditions for Sima's generation of Wei.
Generally speaking, Sima Yi is better than Zhuge in politics and knowledge of people, and Zhuge is better than politics.
(The information comes from "What kind of person is Sima Yi in reality? What stands out? "Baidu Post Bar. Legend of the Dragon and the Wolf)
To understand what kind of people Sima Yi's poems are, we should first start with his life, and historical evaluation is parrot-learned. )