Nan 'an has a long history. Since Zhang Jiuling dug Dayuling and built the ancient post road of Meiguan in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Nan 'an has gradually become a channel for the excellent culture and famous specialty of the Central Plains to spread from south to north, and there has been a grand scene of "merchants are like clouds, goods are like rain, and there is no cold soil in winter". In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi once praised Nan 'an for "the great river goes thousands of miles, Yu"
Jiayou Temple Tower in Shuikou Temple was built in the fifth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (585) and rebuilt in the fourth year of Song Jiayou (156). On July 1, 1957, it was approved by Jiangxi Provincial People's Committee as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in the province. Dongshan Zhenjue Temple was built in Song Dynasty, rebuilt in Dingjian, Thai (1324), and expanded in Yongle, Ming Dynasty (143). In 25, Meishan scenic highway, antique city in Ming and Qing Dynasties, tourist center and other tourist facilities were built, and new scenic spots such as boutique Meiyuan were developed, and an eco-tourism industry integrating "red, antique and green" was initially formed. 2. The history of Nan 'an hometown
My hometown is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice. But in the old days it was. a poor and backward little town. many people had no work. they lived a hard life. in 1949 my hometown was liberated. since then great changes have take n place there. the streets have been widened. factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. the life of the people is greatly improved. i love my hometown. all the more i love its people. They are working hard so as to make it still Richer and more beautiful. General meaning: My hometown is beautiful, but a long time ago it was poor and many people couldn't find jobs and lived a hard life. In 1949, my hometown was liberated, and great changes took place there with schools and hospitals.
. I like my hometown. People who love me say that their hard work makes their hometown more beautiful.
3. What is the history of Harbin?
Harbin is a beautiful city, with the praise of "Pearl City under the Swan" and the reputation of an ice city.
In this modern city next to the Songhua River, her original place name was Alejin, which means "net drying field" in Manchu (another word is "honor" in Jurchen). Inferred from the evolution of place names, Harbin was just a little-known fishing village after the founding of the Qing Dynasty. In 194, with the construction of the Middle East Railway, Harbin gradually developed into a city with a certain scale.
therefore, if the history of Harbin's fortification is not more than a hundred years, the history of Alejin small fishing village is not more than 2 years at most. In fact, this is not the real historical source of Harbin.
in order to trace its roots, it is necessary for us to talk about the historical civilization and culture that happened in the Songhua river basin. In short, Bohai culture and Jinyuan culture.
Bohai culture was created around the 8th century A.D., and its civilization originated in Mudanjiang Valley, a tributary of Songhua River. The history and culture of Bohai Kingdom flourished in the middle of Tang Dynasty. Bohai Kingdom was destroyed by Liao after the rise of Qidan nobles in Liao River basin.
the capital and culture were destroyed in a big fire. In the Song and Liao Dynasties, the vast area of Baishan Blackwater was changed from? Kan is interpreted as the land of Jurchen.
Among them, the Nvzhen of Wanyanbu, who lived in Mudanjiang Valley, the old land of Bohai Kingdom, migrated to Yechuhushui Valley in order to develop westward, so that it was convenient to go up the Songhua River at the end of the tenth century. According to the tiger water, it is the Ashe River, a tributary of the Songhua River today.
The Jurchen of the Wanyan tribe created a home for survival in this land near mountains and rivers: Nageli (that is, a settlement). They fished and hunted, cultivated trees, burned charcoal and ironmade iron, and thrived. Later, at the beginning of the 12th century, they couldn't bear the * * * of the Qidan nobles in Liao country. In order to safeguard the dignity of the Jurchen nation, under the leadership of Akuta, the tribal leader, they raised the flag to fight against Liao, and on the first day of the first month of the first month in 1115, they founded the country and made its capital in the Emperor Village (now Acheng Town) on the banks of the tiger river, with the title of gold.
This is the Daikin Dynasty in the history of China. After Jin Taizu died on the way to attack Liao, during the reign of his brother Jin Taizong Wu Qimai, he built and moved his capital to Huining House in Jinshangjing, west of the Emperor's Village, which was called "the first capital of Dajin Kingdom" in history.
The great cause of destroying Liao and swallowing Song, moving the capital to Yanjing and entering the Central Plains was completed in this first capital. The political system in the early Jin Dynasty established the system of three provinces and six departments for the central government, and the local administration was divided into 19 roads, such as Shangjing Road and Tokyo Road, and the Beijing government system was established, with the Huining government in Shangjing.
The place where Lu Zhi of Shangjing was located was Huining Mansion, which was the largest administrative region in the Jin Dynasty, and governed most of the northeast area, which was called Jinyuan Inland in history. The word Jinyuan originated from the record of "History of Jin Geography": "Shangjing Road, that is, the land of the ancient sea, the old land of gold.
According to the national saying, the tiger is pressed out, so that the water source of the tiger is pressed here, hence the name Jinyuan. " The culture created by Yan Hong Jurchen in fishing, hunting, farming and reproduction in the Hushui Valley is the Jinyuan culture.
Jinyuan culture and Bohai culture, which were born in the early historical period, are both the main bodies of ancient culture in Heilongjiang, and they also mark the ancient civilization in Songhua River basin. The above-mentioned history is intended to show that Heilongjiang is not a wild and ignorant place in history, to be exact, in the Tang and Song dynasties, but has a history and culture that coexists with the Central Plains-Bohai culture and prosperous Tang culture are both eastern and western, and Jinyuan culture echoes and merges with Song and Liao cultures.
It can be said that Bohai Sea and Jinyuan culture play an important role in the history of the development of national culture in Northeast China. Therefore, the ancient civilization, history and culture of Heilongjiang cannot be mentioned without tracing back to Bohai Sea and Jinyuan culture.
To tell the history and culture of Jinyuan, another purpose is to explain that the history of Harbin should be traced back to the Jin Dynasty, and the exact positioning should be 888 this year. The main historical basis is that the Jin Dynasty established its capital in the Ashe River valley in 1115 AD, and after the capital was established, it set up Shangjing Road, the capital and the ruling place of Huining House (now Acheng), and "Harbin was the capital city of the Jin Dynasty, and it was the important place for Huining House to enter and leave the Songhua River" (Dictionary of Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Cities, Historical and Geographical Survey of Harbin).
Another historical basis is the existing historical sites of the Jin Dynasty in the suburbs of Harbin: the Jin Wushu Yunliang River and the Jin Dynasty tombs in Xinxiangfang. This is from a historical point of view.
from today's reality, Acheng, the first capital of Dajin Kingdom, is the jurisdiction of Harbin, which is the satellite city of Harbin. In 1993, Harbin was declared and listed as the only famous Chinese historical and cultural city in Heilongjiang Province by the state, and its history is also dominated by the history of the Jin Dynasty.
among the 47 items listed in the dictionary of famous historical and cultural cities in China, Acheng occupies six important items, namely, the Huining mansion site in Jinshang, the Jin Taizu Imperial Tomb, the Cliff Stone Statue in Yagou in the Jin Dynasty, the Songfeng Mountain, a Taoist resort in the Jin Dynasty, and seven related sites in the Jin Dynasty, such as Hulan Tuanshan Shuangyuncheng and Mukun City. This shows the weight of Jin Dynasty history in Harbin, a famous historical and cultural city.
Therefore, it is a conclusion that the initial history of Harbin originated from the Jin Dynasty, with Huining House first and Alejin later. This article not only commemorates the 888th anniversary of Dajin's founding as the national capital, but also the 85th anniversary of its relocation to Yanjing and Beijing's founding as the capital. At the same time, it is also intended to prove the long history of Harbin, which originated in the Jin Dynasty.
In 1895, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 ended in a fiasco in China. The result of the failure was that treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated the country, was signed with Japan to cede Liaodong Peninsula and compensate 2 million taels of silver. Faced with such a situation, Qing * * * was eager to find an "international ally" to unite with Japan.
At this time, Harbin is just a small fish village consisting of a few fishermen, craftsmen and farmers next to the Songhua River. They fished for fresh food, cultivated the land and lived a life without competition, but a series of events later changed the future fate of this small fishing village.
Since the construction of the Middle East Railway began, the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau began to carry out urban planning and design for Harbin. The original planning and design was designed according to the model of Moscow, the capital of Russia, and used the characteristics of the city itself and the artificial regional division later.
According to the terrain environment of Songhua River in the north and Majiagou in the south, the streets are divided by three railway lines, namely Binzhou, Binsui and Harbin-Dalian, and the layout of regional functions is also paid attention to. Because the temporary station of the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau is in Tianjia Shaoguo, some initial facilities and business service outlets were set up in Xixiangfang, not far from Tianjia Shaoguo, such as the first meteorological station, the first shop, the first railway primary school in China and Russia. 4. What are the historical stories of Harbin
1. Shanghao
There are many names in the historical Xiangfang area, which used to be called "Tianjia Shaoguo Town", "Old Harbin" (old Harbin) and "Shanghao".
There are several legends about why Xiangfang is called "Shang Hao": First, in 1932, the Songhua River flooded, and the people fled to Xiangfang, so it was called Shang Hao because of its high terrain, and it was called Xia Hao outside the road; Second, when the Middle East Railway was built, Xiangfang was the place where building materials were piled up. Because the terrain of Xiangfang was higher than that of Daoli, it was called "Shanghao".
in addition, people are used to calling the east of xiangfang dongxiangfang (east number) and the west of xiangfang xixiangfang (west number). The above titles have been extended to this day.
2. Crotch Street
Tianyi Street, formerly known as Crotch Street, is one of the oldest streets in Harbin. A street is a period of history, and only when you personally knock on the historical door of this street will you know how many things are buried in Tianyi Street.
crotch street, as the name implies, is shaped like a "human", and some pawn shops and small shops are located at the intersection of the two sides of the "human" shape. This street divides from Taikoo Street to Crotch Street, one leads to the ferry outside the road, one leads to zhaolin park (the original three-five fishing shed) and Jiuzhan (the original checkpoint) in the road, which is the origin of Crotch Street.
in 1933, due to the indecent word "crotch", it was renamed Tianyi Street. Today, Tianyi Street has long since disappeared from the urban map, but at that time, people's entrepreneurial spirit and achievements will last forever.
3. Thirty-six sheds
Now people have almost forgotten such a thing: there was a chilling name-Thirty-six sheds, in the area from 12th Street in Jingwei to Gongcheng Street a hundred years ago. Thirty-six sheds are the collective name of the old Harbin people for the railway rolling stock factory and its workers' residential areas. This is the slum left by Russia when it built the Middle East Railway. "Thirty-six sheds", as the name implies, is synonymous with slums.
4. Taohua Lane
In the old society, Taohua Lane outside Laodao, Harbin, every night, there was a cry of "seeing guests". This was the turtle slave and the pimp in the brothel "calling the hall" (greeting guests). At its peak, there were more than 7, fireworks women in Harbin, and Taohua Lane and other places were once "prostitutes", and the street was named after people.
5. Dibao
"Dibao Small City" is well known to the old Harbin people. It is the earliest market in Harbin and the most prosperous place in old Harbin!
In the old days, people called Fushun area "Dibao", but it was not because of its high terrain! "Dibao" is a transliteration of Russian "Machine Garage". In the early years, there was a "Moscow Barracks" near Daminxing Street, and a lot of villagers gathered around it. After the market was formed, people began to call Fushun Street and Anning Street "Small Dibao" and the area outside the big wall of the railway vehicle section and the lock factory "Dadibao". 5. Historical changes in Harbin
Mystery of Harbin Old Harbin New Harbin
When the Russians first came to Harbin, although the headquarters of the Engineering Bureau was located in Tianjia Shaoguo Courtyard (now the north side of the middle section of Anbu Street in Dongxiangfang), some new buildings were located in Xiangfang, west of Hongqi Street, that is, near Xiangfang Park, which was also the location of the coach shop where the Russian special advance team Shi Delovski first settled-the first Russian camp was According to legend, around 185, Li's family in Laoting County, Hebei Province came here to farm for a living. Later, because of their skills in making incense, they built a tile-roofed house at the corner of Caoliao Street and Hygiene Street (now opposite the south gate of Xiangfang Park), and the word "Xiangfang" was engraved on the gatehouse, which is the origin of the name "Xiangfang".
Initially, on May 28th, 1898, Viselozov, a technician of the advance team, set up the first weather station in this Xiangfang Park. Shortly after the arrival of the Engineering Bureau on June 9, a lithographic printing machine also started to rotate, printing out various documents and forms. In Tianjia Shaoguo Hospital, a privately-run public canteen also opened. On July 6th, Harbin Daosheng Branch opened in a shed in Xiangfang Hygiene Street (today's street of capital), and its first president was Capuleri. On August 1st, the Russian Orthodox Church established the Little Nikolai Church in Xixiangfang Junzheng Street (now Xiangshun Street), and the first priest was Zhuravski. On August 24th, the first Luxi Ali cosmetics and barber shop was opened in Xixiangfang. Soon, the first store, Luoxi 'an Foreign Firm, was opened in Caoliao Street (now Xiangfang Street) in Xixiangfang. In October, a railway primary school also held its opening ceremony in Baowei Street (now Health Street) in Xiangfang.
in October 1898, the track was laid from Xixiangfang to Ashe River, and a railway station was set up in Xixiangfang, which was called Harbin Station. According to the 192 Supplementary Map of Harbin and Suburbs Middle East Railway, the west of Hongqi Street was zoned as the subsidiary of Middle East Railway, forming the East and West Fragrant Pavilions. Tianjia Shaoguo is located in Dongxiangfang, which is enclosed by the railway. Because Harbin stood in Xixiangfang, the whole Xixiangfang was originally called "Harbin" or "Harbin District".
all the construction equipment needed for railway projects are shipped from Boli or Yiman, traced back to Wusuli River, Heilongjiang River and Songhua River and transported to Harbin, where they are unloaded at Tongjiang Street and Central Street, which are slightly higher than the river. This is the origin of Buttou District (now Daoli District). At the same time, a stacking material warehouse (near the Jiangshang Club on the railway) is set up, and a temporary general factory is established.