Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
[Appreciation]
The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high above it, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this.
"The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe this mountainous island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the island is lush with trees and rich in herbs, giving people a sense of business. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a group of words in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration.
Time flies like water, homesickness like a song.
—— Appreciation of Wang Wan's "A Berth under the Mountain of Beibao"
Wang Wan is from Luoyang. In 7 12 AD, he was a scholar, and the following year (the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), he visited Liang Wudi. He went south from Luoyang along the canal to Guazhou, then crossed the Yangtze River by boat, arrived at Jingkou (now the location of Beigushan Mountain in Zhenjiang), and then went east to Suzhou. This poem should have been written at this time.
"Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water." The mountain is green, the water is green and the weather is warm. Wandering wanderers have set foot on the road away from the green hills, and boats carrying returning guests have begun to March on the green water like green grass. The poet started with a plain pen, just like the background color laid on the paper before the painter painted, creating a space for lyrical expression.
"Until the ebb tide, the river bank widened, and there was no wind blowing my lonely sail." The snow has slowly melted, and the water volume of the Yangtze River has gradually increased because of the collection of Qianshan meltwater, and the river surface has become wider and wider. In addition, a sail hangs high in the middle of the river, which makes the distance between the two sides of the Yangtze River even wider. The combination of the rising river and the right positive wind can create a "no wind to stir the lonely sail" and outline a magnificent navigation chart of the great river.
"... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. "Beigushan is the middle section of the Yangtze River. The early poet lifted his eyes and looked east, only to see the color of the river. A red sun rose slowly from the horizon where the east meets the river and the sea. Looking back at the west, he saw that the night on the canopy in the west had not completely faded. It has been two years overnight, and the rising sea in the morning indicates the beginning of a new year. Spring has been unable to restrain its own pace, quietly crossing the river to the north and entering the old year. The choice of "life" and "entry" vividly depicts a spectacular scene of day and night alternation and connects the old and the new, opening up an infinite space for free imagination. The poet sneaked homesickness into this "sea, sun and Jiang Chun", and when the old and the new were connected day and night, people naturally sprouted homesickness.
"I can finally send my messenger, Wild Goose, back to Luoyang." Looking at the "flat tide, hanging sails, clear sea and Jiang Chun" in front of me, the poet couldn't help but have a beautiful idea: I want to write a letter to let Hongyan, who has returned to the north, bring it to Luoyang's family and let them know my feelings here and now. Tail couplet not only takes care of the first couplet, but also makes the objective scenery in the poem full of human touch, and the original natural scenery also has human spirituality, telling people the beautiful feelings and wishes in the poet's heart.
If the mandibular joint starts from the scenery, the neck joint is triggered by formal beauty; Then it can be said that the neck joint is expanded from the induction of heaven and man, and the mandibular joint is taken care of with spiritual beauty. After Wang Wan, Prime Minister Zhang said, "The meaning of writing" ... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in the fresh air. It may not be a purely artistic problem for people to study hard in the office hall. Prime Minister Zhang paid more attention to the life bearing and mind expressed in this poem.
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was named Xiangshan layman and drunk. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Shaanxi), and his great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to Xiaguan (now Weinan, Shaanxi), so he was a great realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's poems are rich in subject matter, profound in content, simple in expression, appropriate and fluent. There are nearly 3,000 existing white poems, the number of which should be the largest among poets in the Tang Dynasty. He once divided his poems into four categories: satire, leisure, sentimentality and heteronomy. What he is most proud of and valuable is his satirical poems. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", emphasized inheriting the fine tradition of realism in China's classical poetry, and opposed works without other sustenance. He is an advocate of the new Yuefu movement and plays an important role in the history of literature. The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Whispering" represent his highest artistic achievements.
[Background Introduction]
Bai Juyi was appointed as the history of Hangzhou in July of the second year of Changqing (AD 822), and became the history of Suzhou in March of Bao Liyuan (AD 825). Therefore, this "Qiantang Spring Tour" should be written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing.
This song "Xijiang Moon" is a fragment of the author's night tour of Huangsha Road. On a sunny summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, the moonlight was as bright as day. The black magpie perched on the branches of green trees thought that dawn was coming, and jumped up in surprise, jumping from branch to branch, making the branches rustle! When it found something wrong, it stopped on another branch. Xu Lailiang breezes gently, branches swaying gently, and Xia Chan, who was too scared to sleep, sang a song in the middle of the night. On this intoxicating moonlit night, our poet wandered alone on Huangsha Road, listening to cicadas chirping and magpies chirping and smelling the rich fragrance of rice flowers. The sons of the proud water country seem to understand our poet's happy mood very well, so they played a cheerful symphony for him. From the chorus of this frog, our poet heard the news of a bumper harvest. The bright moon, the cool breeze, the surprised magpie, the cicada, the fragrant rice and the frog sound are all refreshing. The poet sees, hears, smells and feels everything. He was completely immersed in the comfort of the summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, and he couldn't help looking at the sky. There were only a few sparse stars hanging in the blue sky. However, "the weather is unpredictable", not to mention the summer weather in Jiangnan! I don't know when, suddenly a few floating clouds came and it rained like a prank. The sudden shower broke the poet's interest and he had to avoid the rain at night. I was in such a hurry that I couldn't take care of myself. When the road turned to Xiqiao, I suddenly looked up. Hey! A familiar Maodian appeared at the edge of the Woods of the Earth Temple. This is simply a beautiful and interesting moonlit map of a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River in midsummer! Full of poetry and painting, giving people rich enjoyment of beauty.
The poem "Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si" contains feelings in the scenery, which vividly shows the sorrow of long-term exile in a foreign land. The syntax of this poem is very unique. The first three lines are all composed of noun phrases, and one * * * lists nine kinds of scenery, which is concise and meaningful. The word "heartbreak" is very poetic. It expresses that a wandering wanderer misses his hometown in autumn and is tired of wandering. This poem expresses feelings for things, and vividly depicts sad feelings through vivid images of many natural scenery and strong colors in late autumn. Therefore, this song is called "the ancestor of Qiu Si" by later generations.