Hangzhou Secretariat thanks the above table.
In 822 AD, Bai Juyi, who was over 500 years old, came to the beautiful Hangzhou to make a secretariat. Frustrated in officialdom, he saw the landscape of the West Lake, and his spirit did it one brace up. On the day he arrived in Hangzhou, he couldn't wait to write down "Thank you for the secretariat of Hangzhou", and from then on, the great poet began his eternal love affair with beautiful mountains and rivers. Bai Juyi's achievements in Hangzhou are numerous, but the most prominent ones are digging six wells and building the West Lake levee. The first thing he dredged was six wells dug by Qin Li forty years ago, and the second thing was to renovate the West Lake and build the Bai Causeway.
Hangzhou Secretariat thanks the above table.
I said: On July 14th last year, except for the secretariat of Hangzhou, the road was blocked and I took Xiangyang Road to my post. I traveled more than 7,000 miles by land and water, running around day and night, and arrived in our state on 1 month/day, and took office on the same day. I am worried, introspective and vain, and I am proud of myself. I was grateful when the land was lost. I went to school for literature, but I gave up after six years since I became an official for the first time. After your majesty succeeded to the throne, he gave me back a few months ago. I was born in the imperial city. I was pampered in Langxi and was granted a patent before I was one year old. I was born in the mud, born from the bone. Only one is dead, and I intend to report it. It's time for your majesty to eat night clothes, and it's time for me to lose my courage. Although I offered my stupid intentions or made up for them, it was inappropriate to think about things. I also know that the situation in the sky is like walking on an ice spring.
Speaking of ding punishment, it's still a gift from the governors. It's just that a small official is heavy, grateful and lightly responsible. Want to answer the generation, I don't know where I died. Only when you long for dusk, you should think hard, keep the imperial edict, take care of others diligently, be anxious about the next Soviet Union, and be diligent about the next. I'm extremely grateful. I won't pay for it. I look up at the sky and look forward to it. Chief fire ambition is overwhelming, and Ant Man's sincerity is hard to reach. I am grateful and eager to thank you.
The basic meaning of "Zhu"
1.
Pull: ~ hair (fā) difficult (nán) number (shD) (metaphor for countless evils).
2.
Promotion, promotion: ~ promotion. ~ use. ~ the first one.
The Basic Meaning of "Gan"
1.
It's very late, very late: ~ Eat night clothes (eat at night and get up before dawn, often used to call the emperor diligent).
Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
He began to realize that the stubborn pursuit of not "waiting for time" may be counterproductive, but it will make the ideals of both sides impossible to achieve. "After realizing the narrowness of his political thinking and way, Bai Juyi made a major adjustment to the way to realize his political ideal, instead of clinging to directly assisting the monarch, he adopted a more flexible and pragmatic way." [4] The idea of outsourcing didn't come out of thin air. Bai Juyi gained rich experience in managing the county by exploring the practice of giving birth to the people during his years of loyalty to the country. Only by recognizing that local officials have real power can they realize their ideals in a certain place. The so-called "ideological change" in this period mainly refers to the change from helping the world macroscopically to helping one side concretely. We realize that it is difficult to hold real power in the DPRK, to realize our own political theory system in the imperial court, to make a comeback, to seek opportunities to serve elsewhere, and to transform the political ideal of loving the people into practical actions and concrete achievements. After obtaining permission from the throne, he wrote: "Only when you are eager to make progress, you should think hard and keep the imperial edict. Diligent and compassionate "and" Xie Shangbiao, the secretariat of Hangzhou ".
On the later evolution of Bai Juyi's thought of giving consideration to both economic and social benefits
□ Bai Xingguang
Put forward the theory of change, re-examine Bai Juyi's thought, creation and achievements, and strive to accurately grasp the situation and process of his life's ideological changes. Bai Juyi was in the off-season of the mid-Tang Dynasty, and at this time he could always adhere to the ideal of saving the world. Due to the constant change of political situation and situation, after being demoted to Jiangzhou, his thought of "saving the world" began to change, aiming at the constant change of political situation, and turning the idealization of "saving the world" into practical actions and concrete achievements of loving the people and benefiting the people. Changqing's self-employment for two years is still a manifestation of his active use of the world, and it is also an ideal way to achieve both economic and social benefits. He has practiced benevolent government for many times in local posts, and the thought of worrying about the country and the people runs through his poetry creation, which is even more commendable!
Keywords: Bai Juyi's thought; Help both; Late rheology
Bai Juyi's thought has always been concerned by academic circles. Scholars generally define its ideological stage as 1 in five years, ten years and two years of Changqing, and think that its idea of giving consideration to both economic and social benefits has changed in these periods: leaving office to pick up things, being demoted to Jiangzhou, and inviting others to take up posts. This paper holds that any artificial separation is unscientific. Bai Juyi is not only a political scholar who wants to help the world, but also a poet who cares about life but pays attention to artistic pursuit. The dual role orientation makes him close to helping the world and being a good person (taking care of life). Therefore, to describe his later thoughts, we should combine the change of political situation with the poet's situation, and combine his poetry and prose works with his official career. Bai Juyi's thought of saving the world all his life is like a river. Sometimes it gallops and growls, sometimes it clucks and moves slowly, but all of them move towards the goal of helping the world. The author believes that only by re-examining his thoughts and creations with the concept of ideological change can we accurately grasp the situation and process of Bai Juyi's ideological change in his life. Therefore, it is more valuable to explain the changes of his thoughts and find out the evolution process of these two ideological clues than to divide his thoughts into stages deliberately. Bai Juyi's thought of "helping the world" is the main thought throughout his life. After being demoted to Jiangzhou, the idea of "helping the world at the same time" began to change. I'm going to talk about the later evolution of Bai Juyi's thought of giving consideration to both economy and society, starting from the tenth year of Yuanhe.
One, poor Jiangzhou, did not fall to help.
In the early years of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi, a newcomer to official career, formed a political and ideological system with "forest management" as the core. In order to "relieve the people's pain and make up for the lack of time", he took up the poetic weapon of criticizing realism and fired at traitors and evil gentry. He actively intervened in politics and fought fiercely with eunuchs and old bureaucrats. He hates evil as much as he hates the enemy, and speaks bluntly. He entered "A thousand words, all with unspeakable meanings" ("The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the Biography of the Old Tang Dynasty"), trying to revive the Tang Dynasty through the improvement of the ruling class and realize his ideal of double harvest in economy and society. The ideological feature of this period is "facing evil directly and showing sharp edges". Yuanhe changed the remonstrance officer to the palace officer in five years, still full of hope, and wrote satirical poems to intervene in current politics.
In June of the tenth year of Yuanhe, Prime Minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi took the lead in writing a letter to avenge the thief. Finally, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima by the court on the grounds of "saying things beyond authority" and "unfilial poems". This is undoubtedly a great blow to Bai Juyi. The famous Pipa Journey expresses the misfortune of the Pipa girl, and at the same time, it pours out her political frustration and relegation hate. But this is only a manifestation of the poet's temporary depression. At this point, Bai Juyi basically stopped writing allegorical poems, but this does not mean that Bai Juyi gave up his political ideal of saving the world. Bai Juyi reflected on the reasons for his demotion in adversity: "Those who hold troops outside will hate their servants for being honest and cautious;" Those who have inner power are jealous that they are servants and do not depend on themselves; The rest of the people who are attached to beauty are different from their evil servants. They believe in bark and fear slander (Book with Yang Yuqing). "It's not sad to offend!" Jiangzhou's demotion is inevitable. He realized that it was necessary for him to change a way to realize their ideals, but he was still looking for this way.
Jiangzhou's demotion did not destroy Bai Juyi's political enthusiasm for saving the world. Living in Jiangzhou, Bai Juyi is always ready to "wait for the opportunity". From Two Accidental Poems, we can see that he did not give up his expectation of Xian Zong and still regarded Xian Zong as an English Sect. He believes that as long as Xian Zong is in power, he still has hope, and the emperor will wake up one day and reuse himself. This kind of political enthusiasm for saving the world has been fully manifested in his poetry creation. "On this high mountain top, ... access to Chu and Qin. Or fame tempts his heart or benefits him. Take and lose, come and go. I am also a disciple, and I didn't make a fuss. Three times in seven years, why laugh at others? " ("Climbing to the Top of the Mountain"), although expressing self-mockery, shows a passion for fame and fortune. "I hate Lingyange, but I can't draw fame" ("Old Title Map"), although I show resentment for not getting attention, I haven't given up the pursuit of fame. Poems such as "I handed over the Kirin Pavilion, but I didn't make any achievements in the future" ("Give a portrait") all show my deep desire to make achievements. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, both Yuan Zhen and the author were successively demoted, but Bai Juyi was convinced that as long as he persisted and stood the test of time, history would draw a fair conclusion. "Who can tell the truth, who can tell lies? Nothing has happened since ancient times "(the first part of five words)" Three days to try jade, seven years to tell the truth "(the second part). It shows the poet's consistent and firm belief. Bai Juyi did not take the initiative to stay away from politics in Jiangzhou Sima for three years, and did his duty to Sima. When he was about to leave for Zhongzhou, he summed up his life in Jiangzhou: "Worry about one ambition and follow the province for four years. Eat day and night, and never dare to be safe (Xie Shangbiao, Secretariat of Zhongzhou). Sima, who was addicted to mountains and rivers, didn't have time to visit Lushan Mountain until the second autumn after taking office. [1] During his exile, his poems, such as Snow House in Deng Yun and Hundred Rhymes in Southeast China, repeatedly showed his concern for the rebellion in Huaixi and the imperial court. "Smell stop years old battle Huang Chi, should Huai Xikou not flat. No matter from the gas in the song or the wine, there is no pure heart. Foolish plans suddenly think of flying short, and crazy hearts desire long tassels "("In the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Huaikou did not make a flat letter to stop the war, but he felt angry like a chapter "). The works are filled with indignation, and both inside and outside the poems are filled with the poet's heroic ambition to use the world, which is obviously not something that a poet with negative thoughts can write. When he heard the news that Huaikou was first broken under the command of Xianzong, he regretted that he could not participate in the meritorious service activities in "Wen Jing Jian presented to Tang and Deng March Hedong" and envied his old friends who fought in the war.
So we must see that we were in the "access" period before, and now we are in the "poverty" period. In Bai Juyi's mind, positive and enterprising thoughts are still consistent in the sharp turn of fate, and there is no essential change. ① 1
Second, the years in Zhongzhou, exploring the plan of strangers
Jiangzhou rank full, Yuanhe thirteen years winter, the forehead moved to Zhongzhou secretariat, "Why ask loyalty, likes and dislikes, birds have to quit the cage and not choose the forest" ("except loyalty and loyalty to thank Cui Xianggong"). Although it is not ideal to move to Zhongzhou, the secretariat is the length of a county and its rank has risen a lot.
After being appointed, Bai Juyi was both excited and gratified. He happily wrote: "Inherit the old ideas, cut bamboo and grant new officials. I feel that the future is near and my heart is broadened with foreign affairs. There must be points in survival, and the west laughs and asks Chang' an "("Since Jiangzhou Sima Shou Zhongzhou secretariat Yang Hezheng Ze chats with books and is sincere "). "Is listening to the birds sleeping in the sun, yellow paper neck in addition to the book. For your own good, it is necessary to temporarily upgrade, and Furnace Peak doesn't intend to live for many years. After a long sleep, Brown was regarded as a layman, and suddenly hung up his robe as an envoy ("Three quatrains in Lushan Biecaotang"). Bai Juyi went with hope. "I often hear about loyalty, which is quite feasible. "Sinking people since ancient times is not a gentleman? I can't rely on it in my life. I am afraid that I will be incompetent for a long time, and I will die in the unknown "("the feeling of entering the gorge ").
In December of the 13th year of Yuanhe (8 18), Bai Juyi came to Zhongzhou, which was the beginning of his administration of a place. Zhongzhou in Tang Dynasty was also called Nanbin County. Zhongzhou City is built on the mountain, with sparse streets and poor people's livelihood, which is only worth a small village. Because it is close to southern Xinjiang, the territory is mountainous, the products are not abundant, it is desolate everywhere, and there are hungry people everywhere. It is often a place where prisoners are relegated, and many local officials have so-called "barbarian daughters", thus discriminating against local people. But Bai Juyi loves the local people. After coming here, he made up his mind to change all this.
He took "forest management with abdomen" as the theoretical basis of his county management. He improved county administration, simplified administration and ensured people's safety. The first is to "persuade farmers" to make citizens work hard; Secondly, "pay taxes equally", pay taxes according to productivity, and crack down on local tyrants and evil gentry who do not pay taxes; Thirdly, it is to "save trouble and be lenient", reduce the number of public servants and reduce the punishment as much as possible. At the same time, the poet also took the lead in guiding the people to cut mountains, build roads and plant trees. "Every day, the boy is led by the servant, and the lotus hoe is still fixed." Digging will destroy its roots, and drawing water from the spring will irrigate its dryness. Small trees are a few feet lower and big trees are more than ten feet long. When the enclosure comes, we will compete with each other to help the poor. What's the difference between planting trees and raising people? If you want to flourish, you must first save the roots. How can clouds save root plants? Persuade farmers to pay rent. Clouds and branches Save trouble and get away with it. This poem "Two Flowers on Dongpo" shows its clear strategy of governing the county and describes the relationship between planting trees and political management.
Bai Juyi has done a lot of work for the development of Zhongzhou, and achieved remarkable results in just two years. The environment has been greatly improved, and the small counties in mountainous areas have shown a scene of political integrity and harmony, which has brought practical benefits to the people of Zhongzhou. "With the government, luckily wen lu is good. Don't Yi Xun and Liang Hua rely on this bumper year (Autumn Tax in Nanting County). You can see the achievements of his efforts in politics and benefiting people's livelihood.
He was trapped in Jiangzhou for three years. Although he has experienced ups and downs, setbacks and hardships, he can benefit people all over the world, but his ambition of "helping the world at the same time" remains unchanged. The wound of relegation gradually healed, and as always, he worked hard to realize the ideal of double harvest of economic and social benefits. Under the situation of Zhongzhou leading the county, we should explore the strategy of giving birth to the people and idealize the politics of saving the world into practical actions. In the later local officials, benevolent policies were implemented many times. When I left Zhongzhou, I wrote: "I have been in Jiangcheng for two years, and every grass, tree, bird and fish have feelings." This issue of Thought Change is the first time that Bai Juyi's political thought system has been put into practice, that is, he has done many tangible things for the local people. Practice made him realize the sufferings and needs of the people, and also made him realize the ideal of double harvest of economic and social benefits in local posts. This had a positive impact on Bai Juyi's later initiative to request to go abroad.