The history of Chinese language and literature is a very broad and broad major, but if your Chinese language foundation is not very poor, generally speaking, there will be no problem, and it is not unfamiliar to us Chinese. Getting started It’s quick and easy, but the deeper you go, the more difficult it becomes to study. Regarding admissions issues from junior college to bachelor’s degree, you can call the local education bureau or the consultation hotline of the university to ask for details, because the policy will be different every year.
Below There is an exam syllabus for Chinese language and literature that you can use as a reference:
Ancient Chinese
1. Nature of the course and basic requirements
(1) Nature of the course
p>Ancient Chinese is a basic course for Chinese language and literature majors and a tool course for reading ancient Chinese documents.
(2) Basic Requirements
By passing the examination of this course, you must systematically master the basic knowledge of ancient Chinese, and be able to apply the knowledge of ancient Chinese to read the original works of classical Chinese and critically inherit Excellent ancient cultural heritage of the motherland; and services for further research and mastery of modern Chinese.
2. Exam reference books:
"Ancient Chinese" (Volume 1 and 2), (edited by Zhu Zhenjia, Higher Education Press)
"Ancient Chinese" ( Three volumes (upper, middle and lower), (Editor-in-Chief Xu Jialu, Higher Education Press)
3. Course score: 60
4. Course content and assessment requirements:
< p>(1) Selected Works"Zuo Zhuan": "Zheng Bo Duan Yu Yan", "Qi Huan Gong Attacks Chu", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army", "Jin Linggong Is Not the King", "Qi Huan Gong's Attack on Chu" "Battle of Jin'an" 5 articles and commonly used words
"Warring States Policy": "Feng Xuanke Mengchangjun", "Touch the Dragon on Empress Dowager Zhao" and commonly used words
"The Analects": " Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua sat down", "Ji Shi will attack Zhuan Yu", "Zilu will follow" and common words
"Book of Rites": "Datong", "Teaching and Learning" " and commonly used words
"Mencius": "Master is on the road to Qi", "Xu Xing" and commonly used words
"Zhuangzi": "Autumn Waters" "On Accumulation and Storage" and commonly used words
"Report to Ren An", "Reply to Li Yi", "On Feudalism", "Teaching War and Defending Policy" and commonly used words
(2) General Part
Chapter 1 Text
[Exam Requirements]
1. Clarify the ideographic nature of Chinese characters.
2. Be familiar with the history of changes in Chinese character styles.
3. Be familiar with the basic methods of forming Chinese characters.
4. Master ancient and modern characters, variants and traditional and simplified characters, especially ancient and modern characters.
[Exam content]
1. The nature and evolution of Chinese characters
2. The physical structure of Chinese characters
3. Ancient and modern characters, Variant characters, traditional and simplified characters
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
[Exam Requirements]
1. Explain the composition and meaning expression characteristics of ancient Chinese words;
2. Understand the universality and complexity of the differences between ancient and modern word meanings, and avoid interpreting the past with the present;
3. Understand the meaning system, learn to identify the original meaning, and master the extension method;
4. Master the method of analyzing synonyms.
[Test content]
1. The composition of ancient Chinese words;
2. The similarities and differences in the meanings of ancient and modern words;
3. The original and extended meanings of;
4. Analysis of synonyms;
Chapter 3 Syntax of Substantive Words
[Examination Requirements]
1 , Understand the conjugation of nouns into verbs, and pay attention to the grammatical characteristics and meaning changes of the verb after conjugation;
2. Pay attention to four special verb-object relationships, and master the rules for understanding such sentences;
< p>3. Focus on understanding the characteristics and expressions of judgment sentences in ancient Chinese;4. Pay attention to the types of nouns used as adverbials;
5. You must understand the three ways of prepositioning objects conditions;
6. Understand double-object sentences and understand the differences with modern Chinese;
7. Focus on mastering the differences between ancient and modern Chinese passive sentences.
[Exam content]
1. Conjugating nouns into verbs;
2. The verb-object relationship that requires special understanding;
3 , judgment sentence;
4. Nouns used as adverbials;
5. Preposition of objects;
6. Double objects;
7. Passive sentences;
Chapter 4 Function Words
[Exam Requirements]
1. Master five types of function words;
2. Be familiar with common customary sentence patterns;
[Test content]
1. Pronouns; 2. Adverbs; 3. Prepositions; 4. Particles; 5. Common customary sentence patterns;< /p>
Chapter 5 Phonology
[Exam Requirements]
1. Understand the research results of ancient phonetics - understand the syllable structure;
2 , Understand the overview of ancient syllable structure analysis;
3. Master the terms and concepts used by the ancients.
4. Learn the basic knowledge of ancient poetry; learn to analyze the compositional characteristics of ancient poetry; distinguish between ancient poetry and modern poetry;
[Test content]
Chinese phonology Basic concepts;
An overview of ancient pronunciation;
Poetry rhythm;
Chapter 6 Comprehensive Application
[Exam Requirements]
Comprehensive use of ancient Chinese knowledge to solve reading practice.
[Examination content]
1. Annotations of ancient books;
2. Punctuation of ancient books;
3. Modern translation of ancient texts;< /p>
4. Reference books and the use of reference books;
Modern Chinese
1. Course nature and basic requirements
Modern Chinese is Chinese A basic course offered by majors.
The examination requirements for this course are students’ mastery of basic knowledge of Chinese and basic theories of modern Chinese pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric, and the nature and characteristics of words. As well as students’ ability to understand, analyze and apply the elements and components of Chinese, especially modern Chinese.
2. Textbooks
1. "Modern Chinese" edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, published by Higher Education Press.
2. "Modern Chinese" edited by Lan Binhan and Xing Xiangdong, published by Zhonghua Book Company.
3. Course score: 40
4. Course content and assessment requirements:
(1) The introduction clearly defines Chinese, Modern Chinese, Mandarin, and Modern Chinese Basic concepts of standardization
1. Chinese, modern Chinese, dialects and Mandarin, the formation of Mandarin.
2. The country’s policies and current tasks for language work in the new era; issues of standardization of modern Chinese.
(2) Pronunciation: Master the systematic knowledge of Mandarin pronunciation, fully and proficiently master the "Modern Chinese Pinyin Scheme" and Mandarin
standard pronunciation, and be able to undertake the pronunciation teaching tasks in secondary schools.
1． Physical, physiological and social properties of speech.
2. Basic concepts of speech.
Phonemic analysis of Mandarin speech: pronunciation and classification of vowels and consonants; phonemes and initials and finals.
3. The tone of Mandarin. The syllable structure of Mandarin speech and the matching rules of phonology.
(3) Chinese Characters Understand the nature and characteristics of Chinese characters, and understand the development trend of Chinese characters. Master the current orthography of Chinese characters and use Chinese characters correctly.
1． The nature and characteristics of Chinese characters.
2. The current situation of pictophonetic characters, the advantages and disadvantages of pictophonetic characters.
3． The evolution of Chinese character forms, official changes, and evolution rules: simplification and standardization.
4. The structure system of Chinese characters: strokes, stroke order, radicals, parts, etc., the structure of Chinese characters.
(4) Vocabulary Master the basic knowledge of modern Chinese vocabulary, understand the characteristics of various types of words, be able to correctly analyze and interpret the meaning of words, and improve the ability to use words.
1． Morphemes and their types. The relationship and difference between morphemes, words and characters.
2. word meaning. The nature of word meaning, the development of word meaning, the original meaning and escape meaning of words (extended meaning and metaphorical meaning).
3. Types, functions and analysis of synonyms. Nature, types and functions of antonyms.
4. The structure of vocabulary: basic vocabulary and general vocabulary. The nature and function of ancient words, dialect words, foreign words, and industry words. New words.
5． Principles and main methods of word interpretation.
(5) Grammar: Master the basic theory and systematic knowledge of modern Chinese grammar, have the ability to analyze relatively complex grammatical structures, and have the ability to correct grammatical errors.
1． The nature of grammar, the characteristics of Chinese grammar, and the fifth-level units of Chinese grammar.
2. Parts of speech, content words and function words. 10 categories of content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, differentiators, numerals, quantifiers, pronouns, adverbs, interjections and onomatopoeia. Four categories of function words: prepositions, conjunctions, particles, and modal particles. Characteristics and grammatical functions of various types of words. The combination and use of words. Common errors in using parts of speech.
3． Phrases, functions of phrases.
4. Classification of phrases. (1) According to structure; (2) According to function.
5． Syntactic components: subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial, complement, center, the meaning, type and structure type of various components.
6. Phrase expansion, classification methods and illustrations.
7. Sentences, classification of sentences. (1) According to structure: single sentence (also divided into subject-predicate sentence and non-subject-predicate sentence), complex sentence. (2) According to mood: declarative sentences, imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences, and interrogative sentences. Special components of sentences: independent words.
8． Common types of single sentences
(1) Subject-predicate sentences
① Verb-predicate sentences: general verb-predicate sentences, predicate-object sentences (including double-object sentences), "ba" sentences, "Bei" sentences, connected sentences, and concurrent sentences.
② Adjective predicate statement.
③ Noun predicate statement.
④ Subject-predicate statement.
(2) Non-subject and predicate sentences: noun, verb, adjective, interjection.
(3) Modified sentences and omitted sentences.
9. Sentence analysis methods: frame diagramming method and simple symbol (adding lines) method.
10. Common grammatical errors in single sentences: incomplete structure, mismatch of related components, improper word order, confusing structure, repetition and redundancy, etc. Methods for checking and correcting faulty sentences.
11. Complex sentences, the distinction between single and complex sentences, and the logical relationships between clauses within a complex sentence: parallelism, succession, progression, selection, transition, cause and effect, hypothesis, condition, purpose, and related words that express these relationships.
12. Multiple repetitive sentences and their hierarchical analysis. Tight complex sentences.
(6) Rhetoric: Master rhetorical knowledge and methods in pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence structure, etc., master commonly used rhetorical figures, and understand basic knowledge of style. Able to use rhetorical knowledge to analyze speech works and develop rhetorical habits.
1． Basic principles of rhetoric, the relationship between rhetoric and related disciplines.
2. Phonetic rhetoric: the attention to tone, the requirements for rhyme, the effect of overlapping sounds, the use of rhythm, the coordination of syllables, etc.
3． The requirements of word rhetoric and the method of word selection.
4. The requirements of sentence rhetoric and the method of sentence selection.
5． The requirements of discourse rhetoric, the main means and expression methods of discourse rhetoric. Characteristics and uses of 15 common figures of speech. The 15 types of figures of speech are: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, pun, irony, hyperbole, antithesis, parallelism, repetition, conjunction, imitation, truth, loop, question, and rhetorical question.
7. Comprehensive use of figures of speech.
Ancient Chinese Literature
1. The purpose and tasks of the course:
To guide students to study and research ancient literature using scientific and modern positions, viewpoints and methods, To enable students to understand the basic development outline of Chinese classical literature and master the basic knowledge and basic viewpoints stipulated in this syllabus. Help students acquire more systematic knowledge of the development history of Chinese literature, acquire the ability to read, analyze, identify and appreciate ancient literary works, and enable students to use literary and artistic theories to independently analyze and comment on the works of ancient writers, and to understand the basic characteristics of their thoughts and art. . Thereby improving students' ideological cultivation, aesthetic cultivation and language and literature cultivation.
2. Textbooks and reference books:
1. Textbooks:
Yuan Xingpei, editor-in-chief: "History of Chinese Literature", Higher Education Press.
Editor-in-chief Zhu Dongrun: "Selected Readings of Chinese Works from Ancient Times" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House
2. Bibliography:
You Guoen's "History of Chinese Literature" People's Literature Publishing House /p>
3. Course score: 60
4. Course content and assessment requirements:
Part I Pre-Qin Literature
1. Antiquity Literature assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1) Master that literature originates from labor
2) Master original ballads
3) Master ancient myths and related chapters< /p>
2. Knowledge points and assessment requirements for the assessment of "The Book of Songs"
1) Master some issues related to the "Book of Songs": compilation, collection, classification
2) Master the content of "The Book of Songs": epic poems, poems of resentment, marriage and love poems, agricultural poems and conquest poems
3) Master the artistic achievements and influence of "The Book of Songs": the expression techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing< /p>
3. Historical prose assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1) Master "Oracle Bone Divination", "Book of Changes", "Shang Shu" and "Spring and Autumn"
2 ) Master the content of "Zuo Zhuan", its artistic achievements and key articles
3) Master the content of "Guoyu", its artistic achievements and key articles
4) Master the content of "Warring States Policy" and its artistic achievements and key articles
IV. Knowledge points and assessment requirements for the assessment of Zhuzi's prose
1) Master Confucius and "The Analects" and their related content and important articles
p>
2) Master Mo Zhai and "Mozi" and their related contents and important chapters
3) Master Meng Ke and "Mencius" and their related contents and important chapters
< p>4) Master Zhuang Zhou and "Zhuangzi" and their related contents and important chapters5) Master Xun Kuang and "Xunzi" and their related contents and important chapters
6) Master Han Fei and "Han Feizi" and their related contents and important chapters
5. Assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements for Qu Yuan and Chu Ci
1) Master Qu Yuan's life and Chu Ci Source
2) Master the ideological content and artistic achievements of "Li Sao"
3) Master Qu Yuan's other works "Nine Chapters", "Nine Songs", "The Soul Calling", etc.
4) Master Qu Yuan’s status and influence in literary history
5) Master Song Yu and his representative work "Nine Bian"
Part Two Qin and Han Literature
1. Knowledge points and assessment requirements for literary assessment in Qin and early Han Dynasty
1) Master Li Si and "Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests"
2) Master Jia Yi and "Guo Qin" "On"
2. Knowledge points and assessment requirements for assessment of Sima Qian and "Historical Records"
1) Master Sima Qian and the process of writing "Historical Records"
2) Master " The guiding ideology and style of "Historical Records"
3) Master the ideological content of "Historical Records"
4) Master the artistic achievements and influence of "Historical Records"
3. Ban Gu and his "Han Shu" assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1) Master Ban Gu's family background and life
2) Master the content and artistic characteristics of "Han Shu"
3) Master the similarities and differences between "Hanshu" and "Historical Records"
4. Knowledge points and assessment requirements for Han Fu assessment
1) Master the basics of Han Fu Characteristics and the main reasons for their emergence
2) Master the stages of development of Han Fu and its main writers and works:
Sima Xiangru, Meicheng and their works: "Zixu Fu", "Shanglin Fu" and "Qifa".
5. Assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements for Han Dynasty Yuefu folk songs and literati five-character poems
1) Master the realism spirit and artistic characteristics of Han Dynasty Yuefu folk songs and their representative works:
< p> "Battle to the South of the City", "Fifteenth Military Expedition", "Going to the Mountain to Collect Weeds", "Travel to the East Gate", etc.