Unlike other poets who left only a few famous poems, Li Bai built a special world with countless poems. The moonlight world in Li Bai's works is varied;
"I don't know the month when I am an hour, which is called Bai Yupan; I also suspect that Yao Taijing is flying on the other side of Qingyun Mountain. " (Gulangyu)
"Move on, wangjiang gravity river. Suddenly the moon is in the west of the city, and the jade hook hangs in the sky. " ("Hanging on the Xijiang River and Waiting for the Moon")
The full moon is like a mirror and the new moon is like a hook, indicating the shape of the moon.
"The autumn wind crossed the river and blew down last month. The host produces wine, and the candle extinguishes the light. " ("Send Jinling Yu Kunji Cui Shi")
"The moon turns with the green hills, and the water flows with the sky. It is like the Milky Way, but it is quiet. " ("Moonlit Jiang Xing sends Cui Zongzhi")
This is where the moon rises, and its surroundings are written out. Li Bai writes about mountains and moons the most, with a wide field of vision, and the dynamics of the moon make people feel fresh and bright. Otherwise, the moon on the water looks like a foggy and cold scene:
"Jade toad from the sea, wet flower tree in one thousand. The wind on the cloud side gives birth to claws, and the sand head soaks eyebrows. " (at the beginning of the month)
"The suburbs are cloudy, and opening an account is half a toad. Wanshuang River, one river is horizontal. " (Look at the moon after the rain)
Sometimes the moon hangs loosely, giving people the feeling of the ancient Olympic Games:
"I have an old house, Songyang Jade Mountain. Stay for a month and hang on to something loose. " ("Send Yangshan people to Songshan")
Sometimes the moon peeps through the vines, which is refreshing:
"Where does the stone mirror make the heart clean and purer? There is a bright moon hanging on the green radish." (Lushan Ballad)
"Shake the female radish branch, half hanging the blue sky and the bright moon." ("Recalling the Old Tour of Peach Blossoms in Qiupu")
The mountains, waters, pines and pines mentioned above are to illustrate the position of the moon, which is a common scene in Li Bai's poems about the moon. Whether it is beautiful and meaningful or carved, it has a fairy tale fantasy color. The scenery is real and unusual, but it seems to be seen in a dream. Sometimes you can see some small animals that move in the moonlight-apes and herons, which makes people feel the same way:
"Autumn white apes, if flying snow. Draw a bar and drink the moon in the water. " ("Song of Qiupu" Part V)
"One breath drank the dragon's chest, and the light turned cold again. Drunk songs frighten egrets, get up in the middle of the night. "("Send Yin Shu "Part III)
White apes drinking water and egrets flying in fright are all real dynamics captured from reality. Interestingly, these dynamics have not been destroyed, but have enhanced the quietness and magic of the moonlight world. Even human activities, it is difficult to break the above artistic conception. There are very few characters in Li Bai's moonlight world, all from the lower classes, such as:
"Dongyang Motome, will record GeLang. Seeing that the moon has not fallen, the liver and intestines are broken. " ("Yue Nv Ci" Part IV)
"The mirror tide is like the moon, and the stream girl is like snow. New makeup Sina, the scenery is two unique "(the same as the fifth).
Before writing about men and women waiting for a tryst under the moon, after writing about a group of girls on the lake seen from a distance on a moonlit night, they all have a lively atmosphere of life, but people feel that there is magic in reality and silence in sports. The last poem only compares water with the moon, but it was actually written on a moonlit night. Only in the moonlight can such a sense of transparency be produced. In this magical world, sometimes workers' songs are heard:
"Green water is pure and plain, and the bright moon understands that herons fly. Lang listens to the lotus girl and sings at night. " (Song of Autumn Pu (XIII))
"Fire according to heaven and earth, red star purple. ? Langming moonlight night, winding cold Sichuan. " (Song of Qiupu, No.14)
The girl picking lotus is very vivid, and the smelter writes very beautifully. The fire is reflected on the face, and the song spreads to the distance. How warm it is! But the beauty is that there are pictures outside the painting: moonlit night, cold Sichuan. Warm labor scenes appear in the quiet moonlight world, on the contrary, they complement each other and make each other interesting. It can be described as a masterpiece in painting!
The above examples may not summarize the whole picture of the moonlight world in Li Bai's works, but we can also see its basic characteristics. Generally speaking, the moonlight world written by Li Bai is an unpolluted world far from the noise of the world. No matter how it changes, it will always be so cold and quiet, making people feel pure and transparent. The natural existence of this world is real, and its appearance in Li Bai's poems has special significance. Li Bai wrote many poems about immortals, and also wrote many poems about seclusion and nostalgia. These works are often used as an excuse to express the anguish of talent. However, in his works, he seldom brought his distress and resentment into the moonlight world. Like other poets who are dissatisfied with reality, Li Bai also needs a paradise, but his paradise is not in the fairy mountain or the countryside, but in the moonlight world, completely separated from the dirty reality. "You don't need to buy a cool breeze and bright moon" (Xiangyang Song), the world is everywhere.
Second, Li Bai in the moonlight world
What we see from the poems quoted above is mainly objective scenery. The moonlight world written by Li Bai is full of fantastic ideas, and the key lies in seeing the poet's own activities from it.
Li Bai's favorite activity under the moon is boating, which, in his own words, is called pan-moon:
"Beauty is indescribable, and it is full of rivers.
People swim on the moon, but ships are empty. "("Send Wei Wan to Wu Wang ")
The pictures of Li Bai's pan-moon poems are extremely beautiful, and the leisure reveals good elegant feelings. He often thinks of the anecdotes that Wang Huizhi carried with him when he visited the country, and uses this to express his feelings:
"The sunset mountain will open tomorrow, and the waves will shake the rocks and move the water. The canoe swims around the moon to find the stream, which is suspected to be heavy snow in the mountains. " ("boating in the East Land Gate" Part I)
Needless to say, Li Bai writes about the moon the most.
Drinking-the so-called drunken moon! Such famous articles are too numerous to mention, and only one is recorded:
"From a pot of wine among the flowers, I drank it alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring. The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. Will goodwill be guaranteed? I see the long road of the Milky Way. " (I drink the bright moon alone)
Generally speaking, Li Bai's drinking poems highlight the word "good" and the poems about the moon highlight the word "easy". Once the two are combined, they present a bold and elegant character, which can be summarized by the word "Qing Kuang" In addition to Four Moons Alone, other masterpieces such as Xiangyang Song and Farewell to Xie Tiao Tower all belong to this category. On the one hand, this crazy personality shows the poet's pride and contempt for dirty reality, and at the same time reveals a deep sense of loneliness. Li Bai also wrote some poems returning from the moon, which was peaceful and revealed a deep sense of loneliness in leisure:
"Walking down the blue mountains in the evening, moonlight is my way home. Looking back, I saw my way, lying in deep shadows. " ("Down to Nanshan")
"Wine doesn't feel sleepy, and the fallen petal is full of clothes. When you are drunk, the birds are still thin. " ("self-dispatch")
The above-mentioned pan-moon, drunken moon and stepping on the moon are all beautiful and realistic. Another kind of work is completely imaginative, such as:
Kang can take advantage of the bright moon to see flowers on the wine boat. "("Song of Autumn Pu "(12))
"We both hold high our yearning for the distant place, and I want to go to the sky to embrace the bright moon." ("Xie Tiao's Farewell")
"I am worried about the bright moon, and I will follow you to Yelangxi." ("I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to post this")
The moon can be taken, taken and sent, all of which are Li Bai's inventions; Bold imagination conveys innocence. But the most interesting invention is the credit month:
"Nanhu colchicine is smokeless at night and can ride straight to heaven. Let's buy wine and Bai Yunbian in the moonlight in Dongting. " (The second part of "Traveling with Uncle and Jia Zhi in Dongting")
"What is the glory of embroidery in the past? Tonight, I will drink wine with you. Enjoy the moon in Dongshan for the time being and send a song to Yuan Ming overnight. " ("Send Han Shi to Guangde")
In Li Bai's poems, there is no wine on credit, but there is a month on credit. Wine is to be bought with money, and when there is no money, you can exchange it with five flowers horse, purple Qiu Qi and Longquan sword. It is much easier to deal with nature. "Don't buy cool breeze for a long time", even if you want money, you can buy it on credit. This interesting imagination shows the poet's mind, and heaven and earth are his pillows. Li Bai also has a monthly poem, whose artistic achievement is the combination with Su Shi's monthly ci, and its ideological depth is far deeper than Su Shi's ci:
"When will there be a month in the sky? I stopped my glass and asked now. The moon will never reach the moon, but it is very close to the people. If she flies in the mirror, she will face the Danque, and the green smoke will extinguish the green glow. I only see the clouds rising from the sea every night, and who knows the clouds in the morning? The white rabbit prayed for the medicine to revive in autumn. Who does Chang 'e live with alone? Now people are not seen in Gu Yue, but in this month they took the ancients. If the ancients were running water today, they would really see the bright moon! I only hope that the song is right for the wine, and the moonlight always shines on the golden urn. " ("Asking for the Moon")
Except for the middle two sentences decorated with myths, the whole sentence is realistic, and the language is simple like nursery rhymes, but it runs through philosophical meditation. The infinity of nature and the shortness of life are contradictions that human beings can never overcome. The poems in Li Bai's "Looking at the Moon" express exactly this kind of contradiction that everyone can understand and the resulting distress; The expression is clever and vivid, extremely simple, which makes us feel more cordial to the poet. When we read a poem, we think of Li Bai, just as when Li Bai wrote a poem, we think of the ancients before him, which will produce an unspeakable sadness and at the same time get an unspeakable comfort. Since the ancients, present generations and future generations all have to face the same contradiction and distress, this contradiction and distress will be passed down from generation to generation from person to person, resulting in a certain emotional sound; The medium of communication is the moon, which everyone can see and be daydreamed by. The mystery of poetry often lies in expressing feelings that everyone can understand in a unique way.
The above examples are Pan-Moon, Drunk Moon, Step Moon, Take Moon, Send Moon, Credit Moon and Ask Moon. There are many poets who are interested in the moon, but who can dig up these famous places like Li Bai? All these works are impressive at first glance, but if you ponder them carefully, you will find that they contain wonderful ideas and rich interests. Not only that, Li Bai often produces some other associations and expresses some other emotions in the moonlight. Let's talk about homesickness on a moonlit night. There are many such works, just one example:
"The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " ("Silent Night Thinking")
No more friends in the moonlight:
"Cold wave, time is up. How deeply do you think about this empty song! " (Full Moon of Pregnancy)
Li Bai sang the praises of lovesickness in both places, also on a moonlit night, such as:
"The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass. ..... stationed in the border town, homesick with longing eyes. And those rooms above tonight, tossing and turning, sighing, can't rest. " (Guan Shanyue)
"A bright moon hangs in Beijing, and ten thousand hammers wash it. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! . "(Midnight Wu Ge 3)
The moon also often causes the poet's nostalgia:
"Old garden barren willow new, soul song cantata don't win the spring. Only today's Xijiangyue has taken care of the officials of the king of Wu. " (Nostalgia in Tai Su)
Nostalgia, homesickness for friends, lovesickness for men and women, and nostalgia for the past are all common feelings in people's daily lives. Most of these feelings are caused by seeing the moon in Li Bai's poems, which is worth noting. Take homesickness as an example, it is a common theme in lyric poems of past dynasties, but everyone's ideological content is quite different: some are "jade carvings" and some are "89 thatched cottages"; What causes Li Bai to miss is the moonlight in his hometown (sometimes the landscape flowers and plants in his hometown)! Of all the natural things that people come into contact with, nothing is more universal and eternal than the moon. I Everything has changed here and now, except the moon, so the moon can easily arouse all kinds of nostalgia. The sun also has this universality and eternity, but it is dazzling, and it is difficult to see clearly at ordinary times, which makes people feel worried. Moonlit night, easy to daydream, think of distant hometown, friends, relatives and even the ancients, resulting in sincere and beautiful homesickness. Therefore, the feelings expressed in Li Bai's works are not only common in people's lives, but also approachable and acceptable to everyone, which is enough to represent the simple side of Li Bai's character; The best proof is that Silent Night Thinking has become a famous work known to women and children for thousands of years. However, in order to fully reveal this character of Li Bai, I finally want to quote one of his works in his later years:
"I stayed in Panasonic for five nights, lonely and unhappy. The farmer is busier at work, and the girl next door is not afraid of the cold autumn night all night. The owner of the house, the old woman, brought me rice, full of white rice like moonlight. It's embarrassing to be erratic, and it won't be embarrassing to say thank you three times. " ("Su Shanjia")
Li Bai, who said that "the son of heaven cannot be bent, and the whole world cannot be tolerated", is so humble in an ordinary peasant's family, which is beyond the explanation of his lack in his later years. At the same time, when he talked about accepting gifts from some local officials, the poem wrote: "A group of chickens are pitiful and wandering, respectively lamenting. Pull out five-color hair, meaning heavy Taishan light. It costs a lot of money to give a small gift and water the long whale. " (Uncle Dangtu's Sacrifice to Yang Bing) Not only has a big tone, but also looks arrogant. How gentle and sincere he looked when he came to the farmer Xun Wei! You can treat the gifts of the upper class casually, but you are really moved by the support of hardworking farmers; This can only be explained by the poet's civilian character. This is one of the most touching pictures in Li Bai's poems. I wish a painter would copy it!
To sum up, Li Bai in the moonlight world is naive, approachable, loves life, and is full of interest in his own activities (boating, drinking, singing and dancing) ...), his feelings about natural beauty, his understanding of all kinds of strange feelings and interests that Chinese people can have in natural beauty, his nostalgia for his hometown and friends and even the ancients, and his appreciation of labor, love and female beauty. This is a character that everyone can understand and love. All the quotations and analyses in this paper are to illustrate this character of Li Bai, and to illustrate this character is to provide arguments for the following arguments.