A mediocre king who governs the country without justice. An introduction to Emperor Liang Yuan, Xiao Yi, introduces you to the life of Emperor Liang Yuan; an introduction to Emperor Liang Yuan, Xiao Yi, introduces you to the story of how Emperor Liang Yuan burned books.
The life of Xiao Yi, Emperor Yuan of Liang Dynasty
Xiao Yi successively served as the governor of Kuaiji, the governor of Jiangzhou, and the governor of Jingzhou. In the third year of Dabao (552), he defeated Hou Jing and proclaimed himself emperor in Jiangling (now Jingzhou, Hubei). He once held official positions such as general, prefect, and governor. In 552 AD, he ascended the throne and became emperor, known as Emperor Liang Yuan. Emperor Liang Yuan was a monarch who loved reading and literature. He wrote a large number of academic works, such as "The Biography of Filial Piety", "The Biography of Loyal Ministers", "Notes on Han Shu", "Book of Changes", "Laozi's Comments", "Quande". "Zhi", "Jiangzhou Ji", "Zi Gong Tu", etc. "Book of Liang: The Benji of Emperor Yuan" praised him: He was good at learning, well-versed in books, wrote well into chapters, and expressed his opinions as well as his ability to argue quickly and quickly, which was unparalleled. Like Empress Li and Huizong of the Song Dynasty, his artistic achievements cannot conceal his political weakness. This is not only related to the chaotic situation of the times, but also mainly due to his personal character. History records that he was naturally suspicious and did not care about distance. , The emperor has no skills, and there is no fear when walking on the ice. Therefore, the phoenix tower waits for the morning, and the fire has no beauty of internal illumination. Therefore, Wang Euzhi said: When Jiangling fell, Emperor Yuan burned 140,000 volumes of ancient and modern books. Some people asked him, and the answer was that he had read thousands of volumes, and they still exist today, so he burned them. He did not blame the readers for not being evil, regretful, and benevolent. He said, "Shu." What a loss to Emperor Yuan.
Reigned for three years. He was first granted the title of Prince of Xiangdong County, and later served as Shizhong and Danyang Yin. In the seventh year of ordinary times (526), ??he was appointed as the governor of Jingzhou, commanding the military affairs of the six states of Jingzhou, Xiang, Ying, Yi, Ning, and Nanliang, and controlling the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In the second year of Taiqing (548), Hou Jing rebelled against Liang and surrounded Jiankang. Liang's reinforcements from all walks of life gathered outside Jiankang City, numbering 200,000 to 300,000. However, Xiao Yi only sent his son Xiao Fangzhi and others to lead an army of 10,000 people to rescue him. Later, he sent Wang Sengbian to lead a fleet of 10,000 people to reinforce him. In March of the following year, Jing defeated Taicheng and Wang Sengbian's boat fleet was wiped out. Soon after, Wang Sengbian was ordered to defeat his sixth brother Xiao Lun, who was in charge of the Chinese and foreign military affairs in Yingzhou (now Wuchang, Hubei Province); he professed his vassalship to the Western Wei Dynasty and attacked and killed Xiao Ji (the eighth son of Xiao Yan), the governor of Yizhou. After Xiao Yijian's goal of getting rid of his brothers was achieved, he ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Jiangling in the first year of Tianzheng (552). The reign name is Chengsheng. But at that time, Liangzhou and Yizhou had been merged with the Western Wei Dynasty, and Xiangyang was also under the control of the Western Wei Dynasty. The situation in Gangneung is very isolated. In September of the third year of Chengsheng, Yuwentai of the Western Wei Dynasty sent Yu Jin and Yuwenhu to lead an army of 50,000 to attack Jiangling south. In November, Jiangling city fell, and Xiao Yi was captured and killed. The following year, his son Xiao Fangzhi proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and pursued the title of Emperor Yuan. Xiao Yi is blind, less intelligent, good at reading, and good at five-character poems, but he is pretentious and suspicious. He had a collection of 140,000 volumes, which he burned when Jiangling City was destroyed. He wrote a lot of works in his life, including twenty kinds and more than four hundred volumes.
He has no skills in governing the country
He has literary talent and authored the book "Jinlouzi". He is a figure who can occupy a place in the history of Chinese literary theory and ruined Liang Liang. The main person responsible for the dynasty) because he was suspicious of Yueyang Wang Xiao (Xiao Yi's nephew and the son of Prince Zhaoming Xiao Tong, the author of "Selected Works") and planned to eliminate him (the sons of ancient Chinese emperors usually named a certain king, such as Xiao Yi, Before he ascended the throne, he was named King of Xiangdong, that is, the king of eastern Hunan), so he lost Xiangyang (because Xiao couldn't bear to sit still and wait for death, he attracted the forces of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to compete with his uncle, and Liang lost Xiangyang). If Xiangyang was lost, then Jiangling's demise would be Soon (Xiao Yi's office). When Wuling King Xiao Ji (Xiao Yi's younger brother) proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, Emperor Liang Yuan asked Northern Zhou Yuwentai to attack Xiao Ji, so Chengdu was annexed by Northern Zhou. Then Jiangling's demise was inevitable (troops were sent from Sichuan to destroy Jiangling , just go down the river, it is very easy. Li Bai has a poem, "The white emperor's colorful clouds are among the colorful clouds, thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day"). The Liang Dynasty repeatedly lost territory, not because of the Yuwen clan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but because of its own destruction. Sichuan was lost, Jiangling fell, Xiangyang was annexed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Jiangnan could still be preserved for several decades (the last dynasty of the Southern Dynasties: the Chen Dynasty was not unified by the Sui until 589, which was 35 years after the fall of Jiangling in 554). It was really a disaster. A very lucky thing. This is because the Northern Zhou Dynasty still had another biggest enemy: the Gao family Qi State had not yet been eliminated, the power in Guanzhong was not stable enough, and Yuwentai had not usurped the power of the Western Wei Dynasty, so it was able to survive. The discord within the Liang Dynasty led to its collapse. This was not the fault of King Wuling and King Yueyang. In the process of sending troops to attack the traitor Hou Jing of the imperial court, Emperor Yuan of Liang successively killed his younger brother Xiao, Wang Xiao of Guiyang, and his nephew Xiao Yu due to suspicion. He also attacked his elder brother Xiao Lun and killed his grandson Xiao Dong; the son of Xiao Ji, the king of Wuling Xiao Yuanzhao assisted Xiao Yi, but Xiao Yi blocked him in Baidi City; another nephew, Xiao Yuanzheng, led his men to accept his deployment, but he imprisoned him in Yueyang. Xiao Yi abandoned his biggest enemy Hou Jing, but killed his own brothers and sisters.
Xiao Yi is one of the emperors who lost his country. He should have enjoyed a higher status among the emperors who lost his country in the past. At least compared to what he did in his life, his popularity in history is still He is a bit thin. Compared with famous people such as Emperor Yang of Sui and the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he is simply in a corner forgotten by history and is rarely known to this day.
Xiao Yi is an extremely complex character, a talented emperor, with different appearances and duplicities. This may be an inaccurate general comment on him.
His life was not too tortuous. For the first forty years of his life, he lived a pampered life as a prince. He stayed within the high walls of his mansion, except for reading books, writing poems and painting, and did not leave many traces in the history books. But at the end of his life, he took advantage of the Hou Jing Rebellion to step into the forefront of history and became the emperor, but he made many actions that were criticized by later generations.
During the Hou Jing Rebellion, he had the strength but sat back and ignored the national calamity, hiding his selfish motives. First, he cruelly eliminated his brothers, nephews and nephews who posed a threat to his ascension to the throne one by one. When his old father, Emperor Wu of Liang, was killed, The foreign thieves starved to death before sending troops to serve the king. He studied diligently throughout his life and worked hard to collect books for more than 40 years, collecting as many as 140,000 volumes of books that were rare in ancient times. After he ascended the throne, he once again had conflicts with the Western Wei Dynasty in the north and attracted powerful enemies and invaders. When he failed, he ordered people to burn all the 140,000 volumes of books, saying that reading too much would lead to today's disaster, triggering the largest cultural destruction event in Chinese history since Qin Shihuang burned books and humiliated Confucians. It is said that he is a sinner through the ages who has suffered huge damage to Chinese civilization.
Details of life
In life, he is quite a failure. As an ordinary person, he has been blind in one eye since he was a child, and his physical defects make him bear a heavy psychological burden. Burden, he is often jealous of others and gets into trouble with others because of his one eye.
As a son of man, he practiced filial piety. Not only did he practice it, but he also wrote books to clarify his concept of filial piety, trying his best to show his filial piety to future generations. After his death, he was also given to Emperor Xiaoyuan. posthumous title. But he committed various treacherous acts in his father's later years.
As a husband, his married life is extremely unsatisfactory. His wife, Concubine Xu, is the MILF in the famous MILF allusion in history. Xu Niang acted boldly and went out of her way. She often used half-face makeup to mock one of his eyes. She also had an affair and put a cuckold on Xiao Yi, the emperor. This can be said to be the highest level in Chinese history. A cuckold.
As a father, he transfers his anger towards his wife to his son, and the moral disorder will naturally lead to family tragedy. In his later years, he lost five sons successively, and the white-haired son gave away the black-haired son, which made him devastated.
As a biological brother and flesh-and-blood of others, he used the appearance of a gentleman to act extremely cruelly and killed his brothers, nephews and nephews who might pose a threat to his throne one by one. It may not be uncommon for people to fight against each other for the throne throughout the ages, but someone like him who has such a mismatch between his identity and means, and whose words and actions are inconsistent is definitely unprecedented. The kindness of father, son and brother can be said to be unparalleled when it comes to him (the words of the great Confucian king's husband)!
As an emperor, he ascended the throne for no more than three years. Compared with Emperor Sui Yang, who toiled a powerful country until it perished, he did not seem to be fully responsible for the country's demise. But because of the mistakes he made, he became the king of subjugation rather than the king of subjugation. Although he showed certain political skill and military ability in quelling the Hou Jing Rebellion, he soon became unhappy with his powerful neighbor, the Western Wei Dynasty. He made extremely stupid mistakes in handling diplomatic relations, allowing his opponents to find excuses to send troops. During the resistance, when the enemy's troops were pressing down and tens of thousands of troops were besieging the city, Xiao Yi, in order to show his true nature as a scholar, showed off his elegance and was not busy organizing resistance. He actually had the leisure to explain "Laozi" with his ministers.
This pretended calmness was soon completely shattered by the brutal war. Soon after, the capital of the Nanliang Empire fell. Xiao Yi died and the country was destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people in Jiangling either became Xiao Yi's burial objects, or were plundered into Guanzhong and became slaves for life. The once prosperous Xiaoliang Dynasty was also destroyed by the Southern Dynasty. The last dynasty was replaced by Chen.