Jinan, Shandong province
Jinan, also known as "Spring City", is the capital of Shandong Province, a coastal economic province in eastern China, one of the national historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, the political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological, educational and financial center of the province, and also an open coastal city and a sub-provincial city approved by the state. It is located at 36 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and 1 17 degrees 00 minutes east longitude, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons and abundant sunshine. The annual average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius, and the annual average rainfall is 650-700 mm (Jinan is marked on the map of China). It governs six districts, three counties and one county-level city, with a total area of 8,227 square kilometers and a population of 5.96 million, including 2.6 million urban residents. It is one of the "Top 50 Cities with Comprehensive Strength" and "Top 40 Cities with Hard Investment Environment". The host city of the 11th National Games.
Urban evolution
In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Jinan was the land of ancient Tan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Qi State, and in the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Northern Hebei County. The establishment of Jinan County in the early Han Dynasty was the beginning of a "Jinan". Sui changed Jinan County to qi zhou. Song Huizong promoted the state to the government. Jinan Road was set up in Yuan Dynasty, which belongs to Zhongshu Province. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a political affairs department was set up to take charge of Jinan Prefecture. Clear the edge. 1929, Jinan was formally established. 1948 In September, Jinan was liberated and the municipal government of Jinan Special City was established.
Geographical survey
Jinan, located in the central and western Shandong Province, is the intersection of beijing-shanghai railway and Ji Jiao railways. It borders Mount Tai, which is listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List, in the south, and the Yellow River, which is called the Mother River of the Chinese Nation, in the north.
Jinan is located at the junction of low mountains and hills in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plains in northwest Shandong, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. The terrain is complex and diverse, which can be roughly divided into three zones; The Yellow River belt in the north, the piedmont plain belt in the middle and the hilly and mountainous belt in the south. There are many rivers in Jinan, mainly the Yellow River and Xiaoqing River. There are also rivers such as Dasha River and Yufu River in the north and south. Lakes include Daming Lake, Baiyun Lake and Dongping Lake.
Climatic condition
Jinan has a complex and diverse terrain, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. Jinan is located in the mid-latitude, belonging to the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone. Spring is dry and rainy, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is crisp, winter is cold and dry, and the four seasons are distinct.
natural resource
The total area of land resources in the city is 8 154 square kilometers. There are more than 3,000 square kilometers of mountains and hills and 5,000 square kilometers of plains. There are six soil types in this city: brown soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil, Jiang Sha black soil, paddy soil and aeolian sand. Clay, limestone and dolomite are of high quality and large quantity, but they have not been fully developed and utilized. Jinan black gabbro and Liubuhong granite have been exported to more than 30 countries and regions such as Europe, Asia and Africa, and the production scale needs to be expanded. Rich in mineral resources, mainly iron, coal, granite, refractory clay, copper, potassium, platinum, diamonds and other non-ferrous metals, rare metals and nonmetals. Limestone, in particular, has high grade and large reserves. Granite Black Granite is unique in China because of its pure texture. Forest resources are divided into trees and shrubs, with more than 60 families and more than 300 species. The southern mountainous area is rich in apples, pears, persimmons, walnuts, hawthorn and chestnuts. There are also many kinds of medicinal materials such as salvia miltiorrhiza, jujube, wild chrysanthemum and Cyperus tuber. The yield of red dates in the northern plain of the Yellow River is also very high. In addition, the output of white lotus root, green onion, rose, reed and other plants is also very high, which enjoys a high reputation both inside and outside the province. The amount of water resources is 65.438+0.59 billion cubic meters, and the available amount is 65.438+0.47 billion cubic meters.
History and culture
Jinan is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Shun, the leader of a primitive tribe in China, was born and lived in Jinan (about 22nd century BC). There are Shungeng Mountain and Shun cultural sites (22nd century BC), and now there is a road in Jinan called Shungeng Road to commemorate Shun's farming in Jinan.
Jinan, with a history of more than 2,000 years, is the birthplace of Longshan culture, a world-famous prehistoric culture. There are the ruins of Chengziya in Neolithic Age, the Great Wall of Qi before Qin Changcheng, and the painted Luohan in Lingyan Temple in Song Dynasty, which is known as the "first sculpture on the sea". China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs, contains Tan Ren's satirical poem Dadong, which is the earliest extant document about Jinan. Guo Tombstone Temple in Xiaotangshan, Jinan is the earliest existing ground building in China. The Simen Pagoda built in Sui Dynasty is the oldest existing stone pagoda in China, all of which are national key cultural relics protection units.
Many famous people in the history of China were born in Jinan, such as Zou Yan, the founder of traditional Chinese medicine, the founder of Yin and Yang, Fang, the founding father of the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907), Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Zhang and Li Kaixian, the founder of China Public Library, and Zhou Yongnian, a famous architect. In addition, outstanding writers and scholars such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Ceng Gong have lived and traveled in Jinan successively, so they have the reputation of "many celebrities in Jinan".