What is the aesthetic view of whether there is self or not? Who first proposed it?

Wang Guowei divided the artistic realm into "the realm with me" and "the realm without me" in "Words on Earth" and made a brief explanation. He said: there is my territory, but there is no my territory. Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing. "The lonely house is cold in spring, and the cuckoo sounds the sunset" has my place. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely." "The cold waves are shining, and Bai Niao is leisurely." There is no place for me, there is a place for me. I see things with me, so everything is my color. Without me, we look at things in terms of things, and we don't know what is mine and what is physical. The ancients wrote a lot about my realm, but you can't write my realm before you start. This is a hero who can build his own ears. He also said: without me, people can only get it in silence; If you have my place, you will get it when you are quiet. Therefore, it is both beautiful and strong. Because Wang's explanation is too brief, the understanding of future generations is also quite vague. The first is about the division of these two fields. Some people agree, others disagree or doubt. Supporters also have different views on what is a "land with me" and what is a "land without me", which can be summarized as follows:

The first one can be described by "situational theory". That is, from the characteristics of the relationship between emotion and scenery. This view holds that "the realm of self" is dominated by emotion, mostly emotional language. The "realm without me" is dominated by scenery, which is generally situational language. The former has strong feelings, while the latter has faded feelings; Or the former is emotional and the latter is emotional. Therefore, the former is "knowing me" and the latter is "hiding me". ①

The second can be described as "the theory of mind and matter". That is, starting from the different relationship between mind and things. This view holds that the two realms are actually two different forms of the combination of mind and matter. The former is the humanization of things, while the latter is the materialization of people. "Heart" refers to feelings, so "humanization" means emotionalization, and "materialization" means that feelings are naturally revealed in the truthful description of things. ②

The third one can be described as "Empathy Theory". That is to say, the similarity between the two realms is the expression of empathy, but the former has a strong subject color and the latter is relatively weak; The former object has obvious transformation traces, while the latter is reflected in the harmonious unity of the main content of the object and its own meaning.

The fourth kind can be described as "interest theory". That is, from the perspective of whether there is an interest relationship between subject and object. This view is generally understood according to Schopenhauer's "will theory", which holds that "the realm with me" refers to the realm when we have the will of "me" and thus have some opposing interests with foreign objects, and "the realm without me" refers to the realm when we have no opposing interests with foreign objects; In other words, The Realm with Me is that the poet sees a scene that has nothing to do with himself and adds his feelings to the scene to seek excitement. " "The realm without me" means that the poet transcends the meaning of the object, excludes his interest in people, and feels and appreciates the formal beauty of the object purely by intuition. In addition, some people think that "the realm with me" means "looking at things with emotion", and "the realm without me" means "emotion prospers with things" and "heart turns with things"; Some people think that the former subject's emotional activities are "active" and the latter subject's emotional activities are "passive"; The former is subjective and the latter is objective. However, some scholars are skeptical and disapprove of Wang Guowei's division of two realms and the use of concepts. For example, Mr. Zhu Guangqian once said in On Poetry that "the realm with me" is the result of empathy, which means gazing intently and forgetting things, that is, Schopenhauer said "the disappearing self", so "the realm with me" is actually a realm without me, which should be called "the realm without me", and "the realm without me" is two kinds of "the poet is there" for Mr. Zhu. In particular, he pointed out that any realm of poetry must have me, so the theory of "no me" is untenable. Although Mr. Huang explained the land with me and the land without me, he thought that the former directly expressed his feelings and wrote "vivid humanization", while the latter was "the integration of me and nature", and the author's feelings were not directly expressed. But Mr. Huang went on to say that "the land without me" is actually "the land with me", and "it is self-trapping to be divided into two parts". It is not just some people who hold negative opinions on "land without me" For example, some people say that if you want to write poetry, how can you "have no self"? "The realm without me" is a kind of "theoretical fallacy" and "obvious error". Between the hostages: "What is the place without me? Does the writing method of looking at things exist? " This means that there is no writing method of "viewing things from things", so there is no "no self-existence". In Wang Guowei's research articles on the two realms, we can also find that many scholars completely use Kant's Schopenhauer theory to explain them. For example, some works point out that Wang's theory of two realms "completely comes from Schopenhauer's lyric poetry theory"; Schopenhauer said: "In lyric poetry,' the poet is only clearly aware of his psychological state and describes it'. The influence of subjective emotion and will dyed its color into the environment it saw. This is what Wang Guowei said,' Everything is my color when I am in the realm', and empathy is still used to explain the emergence of realm. Schopenhauer also believes that lyric poetry can express the poet's quiet meditation and cause an illusion, as if there are only things without me, and … things and I will be completely integrated. This is what Wang Guowei said,' I don't know what I am and what I am'. "For the above point of view, I think there are many problems worth discussing. For example, is Wang Guowei's distinction between the two realms inappropriate or contradictory? Is the difference between the two realms just a different fusion state of emotion and scenery? Is it the shade of emotion and the difference revealed? Does a person look at things with emotion, and a person's emotions move with things? Or is it enough to be interested? Can these two realms be fully explained by Schopenhauer's poetic theory? Wait a minute. The author believes that there are still some misunderstandings about Wang Guowei's theory of "two realms", and the crux of the problem lies in not accurately grasping the true philosophical connotation and origin of Wang's aesthetics.