The epigraph, also called the word case, is the name of the tune used to fill words. Words are originally sung along with music, and all songs have certain melodies and rhythms. The sum of these melodies and rhythms is the tone of words. Between words and tones, or according to the tone of words, or according to the tone of words, tunes are called epigrams, usually depending on the content of words. After the Song Dynasty, Ci developed and changed continuously, mainly according to the melody, and the epigraph had nothing to do with the content of Ci. When words are completely divorced from songs, epigrams are only used as formulas for words and phonological structures.
Some aphorisms, in addition to correcting their names, are marked with different names, or with the same name and different tones.
According to the length and scale, words can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (within 58 words), Middle Tone (59-90 words) and Long Tone (above 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections.
According to the nature of music, words can be divided into nine types: ling, yin, slow, three sets, preface, French music, Daqu, lingering and Zhu Gong tune.
According to the beat segment, there are four common types: Ling, also known as Xiaoling, whose beat segment is shorter; Lead, lead long in a small order; Near, the tone is similar, which leads to long; The slower, the longer the lead.
According to the creative style, it can be roughly divided into graceful school and unrestrained school.
Ci is a kind of ancient poetry in China, which can be sung with music. Words have long and short sentences, so they are also called long and short sentences.
In fact, the word was originally called song, song, song. Abbreviated as "Ci", it is also called Yuefu, Modern Yuefu, Music Movement and Qin Qu, and also called poems, songs and long and short sentences.
The origin of words
With the prosperity of social economy in the Tang Dynasty, people's lives were rich and colorful, and music became an indispensable way of entertainment in the life of the Tang people. Especially in Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was proficient in and loved music, and kept hundreds of orchestras in his palace, which was called "disciples of the Royal Liyuan", further promoting the popularization of music, singing and dancing in society. However, Yan music is fresh and lively, with various tunes and various musical instruments, so it is especially loved by people. These Yan music tunes include dance music and songs, and the lyrics of songs are the embryonic form of words, which were then called "tune words".
Therefore, there is not much difference between Yan Yue Ci in Tang Dynasty and Yuefu Ci in the past. However, in the course of its development, it has gradually formed a remarkable feature, that is, making lyrics in strict accordance with the requirements of music, including dividing lyrics according to the structure of the movement, treating music as a sentence and using words according to the sound of music. Its words form an irregular sentence and a fixed frame. This situation is not found in previous Yuefu songs. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, many writers used this method to create poems, and this new poetic style gradually became an important genre in China literature, which was later commonly called? The word quot ".
Epigraph knowledge
The epigraph is the name of the word format. The format of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four formats of metrical poems, but there are always more than 1000 formats of words (these formats are called music scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.
About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:
1 Ben? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> Words of wisdom? Take? Beer @ What are the penalties for plating fish? Is the stool afraid of hitting? What's the matter? Sheathed gull meow? ⒖ 沤 懔? Hey? What is wrong with scaring students? Five benztans are like a strong umbrella? Hey! Duan Wei? Dragon two beans, one peptone umbrella and two beans? Pray for the return of dental caries? What's the matter with you? Hey? Br>⑵ (2) Choose a few words from a word as an inscription. For example, Memory of Jiangnan was originally named Looking at Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang, but because Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", the last sentence is "Can you forget Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called Memory of Jiangnan. Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem Niannujiao, and the first sentence is "no return to the river". Because Su Shi's last three words are "the moon on the Yangtze River", it is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River".
(3) It is the topic of words. The lyrics of riding a horse are about dancing, the lyrics of riding a horse are about dancing on a horse, fishing songs are about fishing, sand waves are about sand waves, and the music of throwing balls is about throwing hydrangeas. This situation is the most common. Among them, the original intention is indicated below the epitaph, which means that the epitaph is also a topic and there is no other topic.
But most words don't use "original meaning", so there are word names besides epigrams. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all.
I hope these are helpful to you!