Often said that the performance method refers to:
Sketch, symbol, foil, rendering, contrast, cadence, dynamic and static combination, positive and negative combination, virtual and real combination.
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Chinese painting technique name. A method of drawing objects with colorless ink lines. There is also a slight light ink rendering. Mostly figures and flower paintings. It also refers to a method of expression in literary creation, that is, to portray a vivid and vivid image with concise pen and ink without comparison.
For example, in the northern dynasty folk song Chilechuan, "the sky is grey, the fields are boundless, the wind blows low and the cattle and sheep are low" is a simple description of the grassland scene, which appears concise and has the strength of character, writes the grandeur of the grassland and highlights the life of herders.
Another example is Liu Changqing's "Master Furong Mountain in the Snow" and "Send the Spirit to the Master", which are two famous works.
The owner of Furong Mountain is in every snow.
The setting sun is far away, the weather is cold and the house is poor.
Chai Men heard dogs barking and went home on a snowy night.
Give your soul to your master.
Blue chikurinji, near the distant bell in the middle of the night.
The sunset with a hat gradually returned to Qingshan.
At first glance, the former is a painting of "people in the snow return at night". The first two sentences are a group of quiet scenery. The sun sets, Cangshan is faint, thatched houses flash halfway up the mountain, and it is a bleak and desolate scenery. In the center of the picture, the poet is dragging his tired body slowly towards the thatched cottage, revealing the feeling of heartbroken people at the end of the world. The last two sentences are a set of moving pictures. It was dark and snowing, and the barking of dogs broke the silence of the mountain village. The poet was welcomed into Chai Men by his master. The word "Hui" is used well, which makes me feel at home. You are poor at the end of the day, followed by a snowstorm, which makes you suffer from the journey. In the snowstorm, you entered Chai Men, "comfortable in the wilderness", bringing a warm breath. Cangshan, snowstorm, Baijia, Chai Men, barking dogs, returning to people, with distinct levels, scattered far and near, and colorful, have formed a picture of "returning to people at night due to snowstorm". This painting scene is an image, and the poet's "xing" is an inexhaustible charm in the painting. For example, the title is "Master of Sufurong Mountain", but the master does not appear on the screen, but reveals the host's hospitality from the picture of "Returning to People Late in the Snow". It is through the sudden feeling of "returning home at night" that the poet wrote his master's beautiful heart. The journey is difficult, the official career is bumpy, the wind and snow are cold, and the world is cold. However, in the depressed mountain village, Bai Jia kept this beautiful friendship, which is also the poet's "prosperity". The whole article is full of implicit and inexhaustible charm.
The latter is about the melancholy situation of giving people away at sunset in the deep mountains, which is far away and intriguing. "Cangshan" is a color tone, green and dripping, reminiscent of bamboo like the sea. "Cangshan" is a sound, the bell rings and the mountains are quiet, which is self-evident to readers. It is in such a quiet environment, at dusk, that the poet sent Che Ling on a long trip. The silence and loneliness are worthy of readers' careful consideration. The flexible use of the word "belt" makes the whole picture full of motion. In the minds of poets and readers, Che Ling people seem to be walking in the endless sunset. The last sentence is that Che Ling is getting farther and farther away, and only Castle Peak keeps the poet quiet. The first two sentences are mainly static writing, and the last two sentences are static plus movement, in which the movement also has static pictures. Bamboo groves, temples, bells, sunset, monks and green hills form a wonderful picture. From this, we feel different charm from a distance. But what is the charm? It's hard for us to tell at once. From here, we can easily see the poet's good intentions. This requires readers to carefully taste the implied meaning in the poem. The poet's "prosperity" means that the poet has constructed a picturesque landscape picture.
Use allusions
Explain two useful things: quoting classics and quoting previous poems. Using things is to use historical stories to express the author's thoughts and feelings, including some in real life.
Stand and attitude towards these issues, personal feelings and wishes, etc. It belongs to expressing feelings through the past.
The purpose of quoting or using predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, to urge people to associate and to seek meaning beyond words.
Example: "In those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" (Xin Qiji's "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou")
"After ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat turns green" (Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow)
The word appreciation is practical except reviewing the author's experience of going south 43 years ago. "In those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse and devoured Wan Li".
It is the heroic spirit of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition against the enemy. By praising Emperor Wu of Song and satirizing the shameless behavior of the pacifists in the Southern Song Dynasty, the author showed his determination to oppose Jin Zhuzhang and restore the Central Plains.
Du Mu's poem quoted in "Spring Breeze Shili" shows the prosperity of Shili Long Street in Yangzhou in the past. Let the Wheat Green, the bleak situation that the writer saw today, is the real writing. These two contrasting pictures convey the poet's feelings about the prosperity and decline of the past.
Be related to ...
Explain that one thing is linked with another related thing, or similar features in things are linked to form a model.
Example: "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of green silk hang down. I don't know who cut off the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " (He Zhangzhi's Liu Yong)
Appreciate the poet's association with the green ribbon from the graceful willow branches, and use clever metaphors to create a unique romantic color.
The image of Liu in the novel changed the symbolic meaning of Liu Yang's expression of parting.
imagine
Explain people's thinking process of creating new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis on the basis of existing materials and ideas.
For example, "the lake is full of moonlight, and the mirror on the pool surface is not polished." Look at the Dongting landscape. There is a green snail in the silver plate. "(Liu Yuxi's" Looking at Dongting ")
Appreciating this poem, I chose the perspective of moonlit night, and through imaginative description, I recreated the lakes and mountains of Dongting on paper in an ingenious way.
Set off or contrast
Description refers to the use of ethidium to make the characteristics or traits of nails more prominent. There are two kinds: front lining and back lining.
Example: "A river that never returns, a man who has lost all the waves, a romantic figure through the ages. On the west side of the base, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms. " (Su Shi's Niannujiao)
Chibi Nostalgia ")
"In Fuzhou, far away, she was watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? . (Du Fu's Moonlit Night)
The character image of this word is Zhou Yu, but it comes from "a romantic figure through the ages", which leads to Battle of Red Cliffs's "how many Hao"
Jie ",and finally focus on Zhou Yu, highlighting Zhou Yu's main position in the author's mind.
Couplets and necklaces describe the beauty of his wife, reflecting the poet's melancholy and painful mood.
oil; fuel charging; make a greater effort
Explain that the environment and scenery are described in many ways, highlighting the image and strengthening the artistic effect.
Example: "When the sky is high and the wind is urgent, apes crow and birds crow, and the blue lake and white sand return" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
Appreciate what you saw and heard at the first pitch, and there are six close-ups in succession, rendering the characteristics of Qiu Jiang scenery.
sign
Explain the concepts, thoughts and feelings that express similar or similar characteristics through concrete images that are easy to be associated.
For example, "Castle Peak seems to want to retain people and surround the county town for thousands of times" (Li Deyu's "Climbing Cliff City")
I really appreciate these two sentences, describing that green hills are surrounded by mountains, and your county and city are tightly blocked and heavily fortified. It symbolizes that you are being ruled.
The situation of being persecuted by the enemy, the sorrow of writing.
Contrast and contrast
Compare two different things or situations.
Example: "The King of Yue Gou Jian defeated Wu Gui, and the soldiers took all their clothes and went home. Maids are like full spring palace, but only partridges fly today. " (Li Bai's Yue Chonglan)
Ancient times ")
Appreciation of the first three sentences describes the prosperity of the past, and the last sentence describes the desolation of today, which forms a strong contrast and makes readers feel particularly profound.
With the poet's deep historical thinking.
rise and fall
Explain the negative and positive aspects at the same time, and highlight only one of them in order to suppress this, promote that or suppress that.
The purpose of promoting this. There are two kinds: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising.
For example, "Young women in the boudoir don't know how to worry, put on makeup and go to tall buildings in spring. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " (Wang Changling's in my heart forever)
Appreciate this poem by praising it first and then restraining it. First, I wrote that the young woman "doesn't know how to worry", and then I said that she "regrets". Through the subtle changes of young women's emotions,
The description of "in my heart forever" profoundly shows the young woman's sadness and sadness caused by touching the scene, highlighting the theme of "".
coordinate
Interpretation refers to the necessary answer to what has been written before in the poem. This method is used properly to make the structure compact and rigorous.
Ex: Is it raining all the way to Chu? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. (Wei's "Farewell to Li Zhou in the Night Rain")
Appreciating the two sentences in the first couplet, the poet stood by the drizzly river at dusk, pointed out the "twilight rain" in the poem and took care of it.
The word "send".
activity
Explain that the dynamic and static descriptions of things and scenery set off each other and constitute a kind of interest.
For example, the birds in the sand head are silent, and the fish in the stern are screaming. (Du Fu's "Mancheng Yi")
Appreciate the "movement" of the fish jump in the fourth sentence, and set off the "quietness" of the first three sentences.
Front/Side Description
Explain that the direct description of the description object is a positive description; Describe the things around the object, so that the object is more distinct and prominent.
Facial description.
Example: "A thousand branches of a spring breeze are softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " (Bai Juyi's Yang Liuzhi Ci)
"The desert dusty sky is faint, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Hebei at night and has been reported alive. " (Wang Changling's "Joining the Army")
The appreciation of the first sentence and the second sentence of White Poem describes the beautiful form of willow in spring with the method of positive description.
The second sentence of Wang's poem describes the side situation. On the one hand, the wind is very strong, so it is convenient to roll up the red flag and March in a hurry. On the other hand, it is highly alert and unobtrusive, highlighting the tense atmosphere of war.
Speak one's mind
Explain the scenery and express the poet's philosophical thoughts in the face of natural scenery.
Example: "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " (Wang Zhihuan's "In the Heron Villa")
Appreciate the first two sentences describing the scenery, and the last two sentences directly express the feelings generated in such an environment, the natural situation, the vast weather and the poet's sense of existence in this scene.
The philosophical thoughts produced in front of us are merged together.
Take advantage of the scenery to express emotion and melt feelings into the scenery.
It shows that the poet's thoughts and feelings are not positive, but completely in the natural scenery in front of him, expressing his feelings through the natural scenery.
For example, "I sail far across the sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky" (Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou")
Appreciate the old friend's figure farther and farther, and finally disappear completely. The rolling river is like thinking about friends constantly.
Hold something to express your wishes.
Explain that on the basis of trying to describe things, we should integrate the author's feelings and entrust the author's mind.
Example: "A tree has thousands of branches in the spring breeze, which is softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " (Bai Juyi's Yang Liuzhi Ci)
Appreciate the expression of ambition by holding things, and write that the willow is alone in the deserted garden, expressing the feeling that talents are buried.
picture
It shows that image is what casts the author's thoughts and feelings in poetry.
For example, "when the moon is absent, people will be quiet at first." Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. pick up
Cold branches refuse to live, and lonely sandbars are cold. "(Su Shi's" Buji Huangzhou Dinghui Garden Residence ")
Appreciating the words "lack of moon", "sparse trees", "secluded people", "lonely hung" and "cold branches" are images.
Artistic conception of artistic works
Use the life picture of the work to illustrate the artistic realm formed by the author's rich imagination and the integration of thoughts and feelings. This is the subjectivity of the poet.
Integration and unification of feelings about objective things, feelings, understanding and cognition of life, external morphological characteristics and internal implications.
For example, "when the moon is absent, people will be quiet at first." Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. pick up
Cold branches refuse to live, and lonely sandbars are cold. "(Su Shi's divination operator Huangzhou Dinghui Garden Residence")
Appreciate the image of the above example and the emotional color of words such as "independence", "ethereal", "hate", "loneliness" and "cold".
The symbolic poem "Habitat" is combined to form a lonely and desolate atmosphere, but the poet's belief is very firm, expressing the author's loneliness.
Self-appreciation, unwillingness and attitude towards secular life.