Metaliterary scholar. His courtesy name was Duanfu, his name was Mu'an, and he was from Henan (now Luoyang, Henan). Originally from Liucheng. The official Hanlin bachelor inherited the imperial edict and the Jixian bachelor. Neng Wen is also known as Yu Ji. There are many steles written, most of which are in praise of social events. The original collection has been lost. The Qing Dynasty compiled "Mu'an Collection". Yao Sui's main achievements
Yao Sui's works are quite rich. His disciple Liu Zhi once collected and organized Yao Sui's works and compiled them into fifty volumes of "Mu'an Collected Works", with 689 poems and proses*** articles. At that time, Hu Zhenheng searched everywhere but found nothing. The thirty-six volumes of "Mu'an Ji" that exist today were compiled from "Yongle Dadian" by Siku officials in the Qing Dynasty, which is smaller than the original volume published in the Yuan Dynasty.
Yao Sui has 47 poems, and he has achieved a lot. [Shi Zhou Man] (missing title) and [Congratulations to the Bridegroom] (missing title) are representatives of his bold style of writing. In addition, he also has euphemistic and unique works, such as [Poppy] "A Jade Comb for the Wife" and so on. Anecdotes and Biography
Yao Sui (1238-1313), whose courtesy name was Duanfu and whose nickname was Mu'an, was from Luoxi (now part of Luoyang, Henan), and his ancestral home was Liucheng, Yingzhou (now part of Chaoyang, Liaoning). His ancestors served as high-ranking officials in the Liao and Jin dynasties, and his uncle Yao Shu served as a Mongol official after the death of the Jin Dynasty. He later joined Kublai Khan's shogunate and was a famous Han Confucian official in the early Yuan Dynasty. When Yao Sui was three years old, his father Yao Ge died, and his uncle Yao Shu adopted him. He was very concerned about the young boy and had very strict requirements. In the inscription written for Yao Shu, Yao Sui once said: "Sui was orphaned at the age of three, and his father protected him. He did not know that he was in the dark, and the priest was anxious." This caused the Henan Taxation Office, known as the "Guanxi Confucius" The concern of Yang Huan, the chief official and the honest visiting envoy. Before Yang Huan died, he married his second daughter Xu Jiao to Yao Sui. During this period, under the guidance of Yao Shu, he mainly studied "National Elementary School" and "Four Books".
At the age of thirteen, Yao Sui met Xu Heng, a great Confucian of the Yuan Dynasty and a famous Neo-Confucianist who came to visit Yao Shu in Mount Sumen (now Huixian City, Henan Province). When he was eighteen years old, he formally worshiped Xu Heng as his teacher in Chang'an and studied Neo-Confucianism. Historically, Xu Heng was said to be good at teaching. "His words were warm and gentle, and even though he talked to children, he was afraid of hurting them." Yao Sui learned a lot of knowledge from Xu Heng, and he studied hard and made rapid progress. It can be said that under the influence of Xu Heng and others, Yao Sui mainly appeared as a Neo-Confucian scholar in his early days, which had a more obvious impact on his later growth as a litterateur. The Neo-Confucian factors in Yao Sui's literary thought were closely related to Xu Heng, which also affected his creation.
At the age of twenty-four, Yao Sui "began to read Korean" and was deeply attracted by its ancient, tough, majestic and uplifting style. He was even more dissatisfied with his slippery style of writing and determined to find a way to reform his writing style through his own practice.
In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), Xu Heng resigned from the post of Zhongshu Zuocheng due to disagreement with the powerful minister Ahema, and was transferred to the post of Jixian University Scholar and Guozi Jijiu, Kaiguozi To learn, choose Mongolian disciples to teach. He summoned his twelve disciples to accompany him in reading, and set up various fasting rooms, serving as the chiefs of the fasting rooms. Yao Sui was one of them, so he was recruited to Dadu. In the twelfth year, Yao Sui was appointed as the literary director of the Prince of Qin's Palace and embarked on an official career. In the next five years, he accompanied the Yuan army to local areas to rectify the people, set up schools, and devoted himself to healing the wounds left by the wars between the Yuan and Song Dynasties. These five years left a deep impression on him: "In five years, three people were in Shu, and nine out of ten illnesses returned to Qin." The poem reveals infinite nostalgia. In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Yao Sui removed the deputy commissioner of punishment and inspection in Hanzhong Road, Shaanxi Province. He "released all those who were innocent and imprisoned" and "all obeyed his clear decision." In the next three years, he was transferred to the deputy envoy of Shannan and Hubei Province. In the following year, he was assigned to Lizhou to provide disaster relief and benefit the people. His career experience made him see the corruption and darkness of the bureaucracy at that time, and also made him realize the huge damage caused by the war to the society, including the collapse of all industries and devastation. He deeply understood the suffering of the people at that time.
In the summer of the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the imperial court recruited him as a Hanlin scholar. After that, he served intermittently as Da Si Nong Cheng, Hanlin Bachelor, Jiangdong Lian Visiting Envoy, and Jiangxi Provincial Political Participation, and he was known for his conscientiousness and responsibility. In the winter of the eleventh year of Dade (1307), Yao Sui ushered in the biggest and last turning point in his life: the Yuan Dynasty imitated the story of the Four Hao Conquests of the Han Dynasty and appointed Yao Sui as a Ronglu doctor, a Jixian bachelor, and a Hanlin bachelor to carry out the imperial decree and know the system. Gao also majored in national history, majoring in "Records of Chengzong" and "Records of Wuzong". He has been in the literary world for a long time and reached such a high position that the literati at that time highly praised his history writing and regarded him as the leader of the literary world. Celebrities came and went in Yao's museum (such as Yan Fu, Hu Zhixun, Shang Ye, Wu Cheng, Yuan Jue, Deng Wenyuan, Yuan Mingshan, etc.), and those who studied ancient Chinese with him also gathered (such as Zhang Yanghao, Guan Yunshi, Bo Shu and Lu Chong) , Li Ping, Xie Duan, Li Zhishao, Liu Ziqian, etc.), it can be said that there is a huge house, a bed full of elephants, and everyone at home and abroad takes it as an honor to obtain Yao Sui's article. In the fourth year of Da Da (1311), Wu Zong and Cheng Zong's "Records" were finally completed. Shortly after entering, Yao Sui had to return south. He died at home on September 16, the second year of Huangqing's reign (1313), at the age of seventy-six. His posthumous title was Wen in the Yuan Dynasty.
In his spare time from politics, like the traditional literati in ancient times, Yao Sui also loved to travel around the mountains and rivers. In the "Preface to the Compilation and Revision of Bie Ding", he said: "From the time of Jingxian to the present, Wangshu twenty-four strings are dark. One of the three people who live in the mansion, and they travel by water, land, boat and horse all the way to Lixia, Gui, Dingwu Among the seven counties in the state, only two out of three are ranked.
The mountains and rivers are clear and steep, and the talents are unique and unique. It is as if they are rich in the heart. "In "The Rise and Construction of the Mansion of the General Manager of Shengyuan Ningguo Road", he also said: "When Sui Si's life and literature were mixed, it was also a matter of thousands of years of experience, the shape of the country, the slight evil of the customs, and the purity of the folk customs. , must be observed at once. "Yao Sui migrated north and south several times in his life and visited China several times. The ones that can be found today include Changsha, Wuchang, Longxing, Jiujiang, Pengli, Tongling, Hukou, Yueyang, Jinling, Hangzhou, Jingde, Jiangzhou, and Kuaiji , Wucheng, Yangzhou and other places, including Wuchang, Longxing, Wucheng and other places, he visited many times. The beautiful scenery and colorful folk customs not only expanded his horizons, but also enriched his social experience. , also cultivated his sentiment and character during his travels, and left a large number of literary works, which also gave his Sanqu Xiaoling a folk color.
Yao Sui was born in a famous family. He grew up as a Confucian scholar, and this environment coupled with his nature and talent made him unrestrained and proud, and he developed a heroic and upright personality. He admired the Tang Dynasty as being "famous all over the world, and no one can be more heroic and heroic than others." Li Yong, a great writer and calligrapher, "Yuan Shi" records that he "relyed on his talents and despised Zhao Mengfu and the good people of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties".
In the early Yuan Dynasty, the father and son of the Goryeo Shenyang Prince married into the imperial family and used their wealth. He made friends with courtiers, and many ministers were moved by it. . "The arty Shenyang Prince and his son also asked Yao Sui for poetry and gifts of treasures. Yao Sui despised the greed and ambition of the court officials at that time, and looked down on the Shenyang Prince and his son's bribery behavior, so he did not agree. This eventually led to the imperial court issuing an edict, He reluctantly wrote an essay to cope with the situation. The Prince of Shenyang and his son were very happy after receiving the essay, and immediately gave away as many as fifty baskets of coins, gold, jade, and famous paintings. Yao Suiping always loved collecting antiques and famous paintings, but this time he immediately gave them away. Some officials, subordinates, and attendants left gold and silver to pay for the Hanlin Academy, but they did not take any of it themselves. Some people were puzzled and said, "That vassal is a small country that only cares about profit. I can take it lightly, so you know." The emperor did not think so. " Fully reflects the knowledge and demeanor of the courtiers of a great country. Later history compilers praised him for his "extraordinary knowledge of weapons".
In order to meet the needs of governance, the Mongolian aristocratic rulers adopted an eclectic approach to various religions. Policy. In the early Yuan Dynasty, both Buddhism and Taoism were quite popular. At that time, there were many monasteries and Taoism in the north, and the sects developed very rapidly, especially many famous masters appeared in each sect. In such a social environment, Yao Sui was responsible. With his name, he was naturally ordered to write inscriptions for Buddhist temples, but he often openly stated in his articles that he was a Confucian, and he wrote inscriptions out of necessity: "Those who studied Confucianism were not aware of the words of Buddha", "Suixing Zhuan" Meng, he studied the books of Confucius in Zhou Dynasty, and he studied them as a child. He didn't know the origin of his white head, but he studied the Buddhist books? How dare you claim to know it without even looking at it? However, due to the pressure of the crown prince's order, he did not dare to speak politely, so he just gave the land to his husband as a gift. "Consciously draw a clear line with Buddhism. Not only that, he also took this opportunity to criticize the spread of Buddhism, the proliferation of monasteries, and the large number of monks in the Yuan Dynasty, such as "The Stele of Rebuilding the Dacihua Temple in Nanquan Mountain" and "The Crown Prince Granted the Longxing Temple the Eternal Life". "Ye Tian Ji" and so on, showing extraordinary courage and courage. Finally, when he was seventy-four years old, the "Huai Monument" incident occurred. In this year, he wrote "Chong Chong" on the order of Yuan Wuzong. Enfuyuan Temple Monument", in the text there are words such as "Zhu Fa and the former saints, how can I rely on the Buddha". Some monks at that time believed that "Zhu Fa" was an insult to monks, and "Yan" was a question word, indicating denial. This was very annoying and she brought it to the attention of the Queen Mother. Later, Master Li and others fought hard to avoid prosecution, but the inscription was smoothed over and had to be written by someone else. Dare to risk the disapproval of the world, and it is inevitable that he will not be tolerated in the court. I am afraid this is one of the reasons why he often resigns soon after taking office. Character evaluation
Yao Sui is famous for his prose creations, which can be roughly summarized. It is divided into two categories: preface and epigraph. The most prominent feature of the two is the vigorous and majestic style of the article. For example, the narration of Lu Weizhong in "The Preface to the Collected Works of Lu Weizhong" is very representative. Nature: "When Jia Chen is sparse, he seizes power from ministers and suffocates their energy, silkworms weave and crabs weave, and fan crowns and cicadas growl." Those who praise know that they cannot rely on it, and those who disobey know that etiquette cannot be lost. This is the result of fame and friendship. When you go to the gentry academy, you must clarify right and wrong, and distinguish between right and wrong. Those who are incompetent to express their opinions will definitely be powerful and powerful; those who are unable to refuse will be rejected. Must be powerful and powerful. *** As for the ape's cry, the recognition is clear and the dust arrives, so the majesty is no longer visible at the bottom of the surface. "The language of this passage is ancient and concise, and the momentum is strong and majestic. It really represents his style in this aspect.
Yao Sui's ancient literary creation patriarchs Han Yu and Sima Qian advocated the theory of literary spirit. In "Feng's In "Preface to the Legacy of the Three Generations", he said: "The lady's words are sounds, and sounds originate from Qi. The Qi of Zhongshun is strong, so his words are concise and clear; the Qi of the right part is gentle, so his words are gentle and gentle; the Qi of Tongyi is pure and upright, so his words are about giving thanks, chanting sentiments, and punishing traitors. Those who highlight good deeds should make a quick statement: one should take classics and history as their teachers, be elegant but not flattering, elegant but powerful and profound, diverse but not exhaustive, regard the works of Jin as the most ancient, and believe in the tradition of articles of a generation. "Yao Sui's "qi" here is very close to Cao Pi's "qi", which refers to a person's endowment, which is reflected in the author's temperament, temperament, talent and other personality factors. Due to the author's different personalities, different styles are formed in the article.
It is precisely because of the guidance of this literary theory that he has a conscious or unconscious sense of personality when creating literature, and dares to boldly reveal his feelings.
The style of Yao Sui's articles adapted to the needs of the development of literature in the early Yuan Dynasty. It was different from the writing style of Shangsu of the Song Dynasty, who was a disciple of Yuan Haowen and had a great influence in the literary world at that time. Compared with their slippery and elegant writing style, it has a certain effect of making up for shortcomings and shortcomings. It has certain innovation and strong contemporary significance, so it is very popular among people at the time. Zhang Yanghao and Wu Shan expressed their admiration for him in this aspect in the prefaces they wrote for his collection of essays. In the "Preface to the Collected Works of Gui Yin", Yu Ji also said with admiration: "The country is vast and unprecedented, and those who took advantage of its majestic and profound spirit to become writers include Yao Wengong, and his words are different. Compared with the ancients, how can they be as strong and majestic as they are?" The admiration for the momentum of his articles has almost reached the highest level. The evaluation of his articles in the biography of "Yuan History" mainly focuses on this aspect of him.
Yao Sui's articles are famous for their quaint and profound language, which is closely related to his personality. It was this personality of his that enabled him to withstand the pressure from the surroundings when he started literary creation under the popular cultural background of the Song Dynasty. Faced with the reality that people at that time were "ignorant", he stood up to the challenge and advocated following the example. The ancients advocated the ancients and upheld the ancients in their writing, devoted themselves to the reform and innovation of writing style, studied very hard, gradually formed a language style with their own characteristics, achieved high literary achievements, and finally were generally recognized by society. His creative style became a striking literary phenomenon in his later years. Yao Sui's poems: Autumn in Zhejiang, night in Wushan. The sorrow goes with the tide, and the hatred overlaps with the mountains. When the wild geese come, the hibiscus fades. Lengyu Qingdeng Reading Room, I am afraid of leaving and leaving early. I'll be drunk tonight, but I'll go tomorrow morning. I'd rather be na?ve. ——Yao Sui of the Yuan Dynasty "Putian Le·Zhejiang Autumn"
Putian Le·Zhejiang Autumn
Yao Sui of the Yuan Dynasty wanted to send you your clothes when you were leaving, but you didn't return them, and you didn't send them your clothes. You are cold again. Whether I send it or not, it will be very difficult for me to live. ——Yao Sui of the Yuan Dynasty, "The Man on the Railing"
The Man on the Railing If you want to send me your clothes, you will not return them.
If you do not send me your clothes, you will be cold.
Whether it is sent or not,
It is extremely difficult for me to be a concubine. The moon does not touch each other, so the poem is changed to a snow cliff, so that the king Qing Mingfeng Lu rides on the Luan girl. It seems to blame me for having gray hair. Q? If I don't marry, I will stay in vain. Fortunately, my beauty will last forever. Xiao Tingyun: I am a great man, and I have read Shaoling's poems. What's more, Wu Gang has already wielded his axe. ——Yao Sui, Yuan Dynasty, "Black Lacquer Crossbow," a poem written by Wu Zishou at the banquet. Mid-Autumn Festival in Dinghai, a vision?"
Black lacquer crossbow, written by Wu Zishou at the banquet. In the Mid-Autumn Festival of Dinghai, the moon is not touching each other, so the poem is changed to a snow cliff, so that the king Qing Mingfeng Lu rides on the Luan girl. It seems to blame me for having gray hair. Q? If I don't marry, I will stay in vain. Fortunately, my beauty will last forever. Xiao Tingyun: I am a great man, and I have read Shaoling's poems. What's more, Wu Gang has already wielded his axe.
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