Life is precious, but love is more expensive. If it is freedom, you can lose both. "Life is precious, love is more expensive. If it is freedom, both can be lost. " Mention this poem, which has been widely read around the world for more than 100 years, people will think of its author, Hungarian poet Petofi.
However, in the special political atmosphere of China in 1960s, "petofi Club" once again became an ominous term. If we look back at the history objectively, we can know that the great Hungarian poet was a heroic soldier in the European Revolution in 1848, and was deeply concerned and praised by Marx and Engels. His poems also left an extremely valuable literary legacy for the oppressed peoples all over the world.
■ Growing up in the struggle environment for national freedom and eulogizing love 1823 65438+ 10 1 Petfi Sándor was born in a Hungarian town on the Afdeping Plain on the Danube under the rule of the Austrian Empire. His father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a serf in Madzar. According to the law at that time, his family was at the bottom of society.
Some ancestors came from Hungarian, a Xiongnu tribe that moved westward in China during the Han Dynasty. They had the characteristics of fierce collision between eastern and western cultures and occupied a special position in European history. Due to long-term discrimination and oppression by neighboring ethnic groups, Hungarians are good at using poetry as a horn to inspire their national struggle for nearly a thousand years, and a large number of outstanding patriotic poets have emerged in modern times.
/kloc-after the 0/7th century, Hungary has been ruled by the Austrian Empire, losing its independent status, and the uprising struggle for freedom broke out one after another. Living in this environment, petofi was willing to listen to the legend of the uprising led by the national hero Hoss when he was a teenager.
In the pub, he chatted with his companions about the story of the Hungarian people's struggle for independence, which left a deep imprint on his young mind. This "free forum" atmosphere has also greatly promoted the development and progress of petofi language. I can talk freely in Hungarian and Slovak at an early age, and I have a certain foundation in Latin.
1835, 12-year-old poor boy petofi had the opportunity to study in Aused. In three years, he showed his intelligence, completed his studies, and organized a progressive student group to read and study the history of the French Revolution and the works of Hungarian classical writers. 1838, petofi wrote his first satirical poem "Farewell".
This poem inherits and develops the tradition of Hungarian classical poetry, and initially embodies the characteristics of the popularization of poetic language that he followed all his life. He is a soldier, a wandering actor and an assistant editor of Pace Fashion. Rich social experience deepened his creative source.
1846 In September, 23-year-old Petofi met Sendley Yuria, the daughter of Count Naudts, at the dance. The purity and frankness of this slim and beautiful girl with pale blue eyes made the young poet fall in love at first sight, but the earl who owns a lot of land estates refused to marry his daughter to a poor poet like petofi.
In the face of resistance, petofi's affection for Julia maesa is still irresistible. In half a year's time, he sent out a series of love poems, such as to Julia maesa, I am a loving person, you love spring, the bleak autumn wind whispered in the forest, and gave me twenty kisses at once. The treasures in these lyric poems encouraged You Liya to break the shackles of his father and family and enter the wedding hall with Petofi a year later.
At this moment, the European land has been surging with the torrent of revolution, and the uprising of the Hungarian people is also like surging magma. Petofi's honeymoon was mixed with joy and melancholy.
Unwilling to indulge in private life, he wrote the famous proverb poem "Freedom and Love": "Life is precious, love is more expensive …" This masterpiece is a touching poem, which inspired the progressive youth in the world in the next hundred years. ■ Strive for national independence with poetry and passion. 1in the spring of 848, the ethnic and class contradictions in Hungary under the rule of Austria have reached a white-hot level.
Petofi witnessed the people being invaded and enslaved and shouted, "Are we going to be slaves for generations? Will we never have freedom and equality? " The poet began to closely link the ideal with the revolution, determined to rely on the poor people to fight, and wrote a series of concise poems as a horn to inspire people to move towards the national democratic revolution. On March 14, 2004, he and other uprising leaders agreed on the uprising in a cafe in Perth, and adopted the political program "Twelve Articles" aimed at bourgeois reform. That night, Petofi wrote the uprising "Song of the Nation": Hungarians, get up, the motherland is calling! We should do it now, it's not too late! Do you want to be a free man or a slave? Choose for yourself, that's the problem! 15 in the morning, the March Uprising in Perth, which shocked the world, began. More than 10000 insurgents gathered in front of the National Museum, and petofi recited his Song of the Country in public.
The insurgents were thunderous and quickly occupied Budapest, making it the center of the European revolution at that time. In April of the following year, the Hungarian Parliament also adopted the Declaration of Independence and established the Republic.
Engels once pointed out: "Hungary is the only country that completely abolished farmers' feudal obligations in law and practice since the March Revolution. "In the face of the Budapest Uprising, Ferdinand, the Austrian emperor determined to maintain the old order in Europe, immediately joined forces with Russian Tsar Nicholas I, and 340,000 Russian-Austrian Coalition forces violently pressed Hungary with a population of only 5 million.
At the time of national crisis, petofi wrote to Bem, the most skillful general: "Please let me go to war with you. Of course, I will still try my best to serve the motherland with my pen ... "In the war-torn year of 1848, petofi wrote as many as 106 lyric poems. In June 5438+the following year 10, petofi became a major officer. He wrote poems and took up arms directly against the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces.
■ Sacrificed by the Cossack cavalry spear, he left more than 800 poems in his short life. 1in the summer of 849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Army fought to the last moment under the oppression of powerful enemies. On the morning of July 3 1, General Bem formed a cavalry unit with 300 men who could fight, and specifically told petofi to stay before the battle began.
The poet disobeyed the general.
2. About the age of New Year's Eve Spring Festival poetry: Southern Song Author: Jiang Kui Works: Partridge Sky Content: Day.
Cypress, green pepper and red pepper, everything is new, and people celebrate the New Year through the fence. Three bells move to the west window to dawn, and poetry is another spring for no reason.
Be careless with guests, open the door slowly, and the fragrance of plum blossoms will grow old. Joule learned to write characters, while Lei Yu and Shen Tu wrote unreal characters.
Time: Southern Song Dynasty Author: Jiang Kui Works: Tasha Tour Content: Starting from Miandong, Ding Weiyuan arrived in Jinling to find a dream on the river. Yan Yan is light, Yingying is exquisite, and she clearly sees Hua Xu.
The night longs for changeable knowledge? In early spring, I was dyed by acacia. Don't write in the future, don't sew at the same time, travel away from the soul.
The bright moon in Huainan and Qian Shan are cold and nobody cares. Year: Northern Song Dynasty Author: Wang Anshi Works: January Day Content: In addition to firecrackers, the spring breeze warms Tu Su.
Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones. Year: Qing Author: Tan Sitong's Works: New Year's Eve Feelings Content: The old New Year's Eve poems are very close, often in the ice and snow, dozens of poems can't stop, and their manuscripts are broken and rotten like horses, arrows and cars.
Seeing Rao Zuojun today, I don't feel bitter in my stomach. I recalled Brother Zhong, a message from Shangzhou on New Year's Eve: "When the wind blows away from home, my family is homesick and good brothers. My brother said, "I'm going to work for my brother. I don't know if I will stay in Hecun tonight." "
The scenery is different, quiet and bright. I feel deeply and don't know that I am extensive. Destroy ancient and modern times, only the years, faint wax wine to welcome the new year.
Who knows that Xi Zhongyin Bintian is already a day of * * * defective products. Tung is waiting for his heart to die, while Ze is hard to be strong because of the dragon's belly.
The cold ashes will eventually disappear after splitting themselves, which depends on the poetry soldiers fighting the fire. Year: Qing Author: Tan Sitong Works: New Year's Eve Missing Content: The past is vague, who dares to tell the truth?
From ice to heaven, strange bones are tempered, and a good sentence is beautiful at one time. Crying for no reason is because of the long night, Yin and Yang are better than this time.
There is an appointment to smell chickens dancing together, and it turns to hate late before the lights. Year: Qing Author: Tan Sitong Works: Missing content of New Year's Eve: You are bold enough to grow a beard if you make friends late.
Knowing talent without looking at the device will eventually hide something, which is better than words. Wine drinkers follow first frost North, and talk about the pursuit of the tide in the east.
Flying away and caressing yourself for 30 years, Shan Jian was born in trouble. Year: Qing Author: Tan Sitong Works: New Year's Eve ideological content: My generation is really boring, who is singing "Ode to Shang"?
Ten years of drunkenness is hard to wake up, and an inch of heart is not dusty. Play the piano and respect the elderly, and arrange to be alone.
Gan Kun's firm but gentle Shuanglong roared, evoking a good spring scenery. Year: Qing Author: Works: Guisi's New Year's Eve Encounter Content: A thousand laughs begin, and the heart is hidden in the outside world.
People standing high on the stone bridge seem to be on earth, staring at the sky, but seeing a star like a moon. Year: Qing Author: Gong Zizhen Works: Xin Si New Year's Eve is the same as Peng Zaidao Temple. Peng wrote poems all his life and read them all night, so he wrote at the end of the book: At three o'clock, I listened to the pestle clock.
The lantern bearer is overseas, drawing his sword and dreaming. Snow color fears resentment, and poetry sounds bitter.
The Ming dynasty was full of guests. Who said last year? Year: Southern Song Dynasty Author: Jiang Kui Works: Celebrating the Spring Content: 19 1 1 On New Year's Eve, Shao Xi returned to Xing Wu as Bieshi Lake, and hung a rainbow at night after the snow, tasting the poem: "Li Zeyan is faint, and the jade peaks overlap to protect the clouds; Long bridge is chilly in spring, and only the poet comes home.
"In the winter of five years, Fu and Yu Shangqing, Zhang Pingfu, and Qi (1) Park Wengyu organized themselves, took Liang Xiguan, passed through, the mountains were cold and the weather was cold, the clouds and waves were in harmony, the stars were low, the fishing and fire were mixed, the new moon was blowing, and the wine could not stay up. Park Weng is entangled in himself, Jewish. Park Weng has nothing to complain about, but he can't help it.
Calm, Shang Qing and Park Weng are all writing poems, and they are also eager to pursue their own strangeness. After returning from this trip, each has more than 50 solutions.
Paddles and waves, a dull rain, twilight sadness gradually filled with emptiness. Call my gull, I'm going down, and I have people behind me.
Then go back, swing in the clouds and snow, and send it alone at night. Sad to see you again, Yimei Mountain, with low pressure of hatred.
Xiang Jing chun Han, I am dancing, who will answer the song? Looking down at the rainbow in the west, it drifted away, and this prosperity is hard to stop.
When you wake up from a hangover, you will think clearly and understand your socks. It's safe now, only the railing. Stay with people for a while.
Year: Northern Song Dynasty Author: Yan Shu Works: Liang Zhu Content: Southern Yan vaguely back to the side array, the snow wall is cloudy, and the buds are tender. After a dream in the middle of the night, the incense burner is dizzy.
It's a fleeting moment, but it's a pity that the past was happy. After waxing, the flowering period is approaching, and the cold plum has become an easterly letter.
It's been a year since the firecrackers sounded on January 1st, and the spring breeze sent warmth into Tu Su. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
-[Wang Anshi].
3. What are the poems about lilac knots? 1 1 Drunk Flowers and Stars Before Independence Feng Yansi
Banana hearts don't show lilac's frustration, but they are also sad about the spring breeze. On behalf of a gift, Li Shangyin wants to leave at dusk upstairs.
Build by laying bricks or stones around the grass to rest, and learn to worry about lilac knots. 1 1 "The magpie stepped into the autumn and the banana wind split" Feng Yansi
Albizia julibrissin didn't check the lilac knot, so she had to go to the candle room sadly. 1 1 "Untitled, false words turn into doubts and hurt" money
How brave, the sword is a lilac knot. 1 1 "I don't care, people with lofty ideals sigh with water" Tan Sitong
In order to untie the lilac knot, Yin Zhuo released branches in spring. 1 1. Working in a Hospital by Wang Anshi
Xiao Xuan is worried about lilac knots, and nutmeg tips are born in spring. 1 1 "Spring in the Small Garden" Lu You
Banana hearts don't show lilac's frustration, but they are also sad about the spring breeze. Li Shangyin, the Head of "Two Rites"
One is full of lilac knots, and the other is deep cardamom in spring. 1 1 "Partridge and Love" Li Lv
The east wind blew away last year's troubles and liberated the lilac knot. 1 1 "Good things are near, and there are warblers at the bottom of flowers" Liu Han
Advocate that all leaves are safe, accompanied by lilacs. 1 1. "Living in a secluded place, the chord tube is deep, and the painting building is deep".
Soft strips don't learn lilac knots, and dwarf trees still participate in jasmine planting. 1 1 Cheng Gai of Gu Gu Dong Feng Lengthens Laomeitai
Diligently untie lilac knots, spread branches and spread spring. 1 1 "Lilac, Mo Wen, an idle man on the river" Lu Guimeng
High back, lilacs like a dream, flowing water gurgling. 1 1. Zhang Bi's "Traveling through the old days, temporarily going to Gao Tang Xiao and returning"
For reference.
4. About Huaqing Palace, the former site of Shihua Qingguan is on Lishan Mountain in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, which is the palace of the Tang Dynasty. There are hot springs with beautiful scenery, which are warm in winter and cool in summer. Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan often come to play. According to legend, Yang Yuhuan likes to eat fresh litchi, and Li Longji orders flying horses from Sichuan and Guangdong to Chang 'an every year, killing many people. This is the first of three songs "Crossing the Qing Palace". This poem vividly and profoundly reveals the decadent life of feudal emperors through the typical event of transporting fresh litchi.
This epic was written by Du Mulu when he arrived in Chang 'an via Huaqing Palace, feeling that Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were extravagant and misunderstood their own country. Huaqing Palace was once a playground for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. According to "New Tang Book"? "Biography of Yang Guifei" records: "I love lychee, and I will be born with it. She went to Wan Li Road, and her taste has not changed. She has arrived in the capital. " Therefore, on the way from Sichuan to Chang 'an, many policemen were exhausted and the post horses fell dead. The quatrains crossing the Qing Palace intercepted this historical fact, attacked the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of feudal rulers, satirized the present with history and warned the monarch.
Poetry eulogizes the Huaqing Palace, but it begins with "looking back at Chang 'an", guiding readers to gradually enter the deep realm from the unfolding of the scenery in front of them. The first sentence describes the panoramic view of Huaqing that the poet saw when he looked back at Huaqing Palace in Chang 'an. The word "looking back" is not only a true writing, but also a link between the past and the future. "Embroidered Pile" means a pun, which not only points out that Mount Li is surrounded by East Embroidered Ridge and West Embroidered Ridge, but also depicts countless layered and magnificent buildings hidden in it, just like a pile of splendid scenery, which is like a flower in the new century. As a result, the poet suddenly raised a sense of responsibility to review and reflect on history, and expressed his feelings about history from the scene. It is the following three sentences, "A thousand doors open at the top of the mountain", which are inherited and reviewed. The second sentence focuses on the top of the "embroidered pile", revealing the deep palace and heavy garden, from which we can see the luxury of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's life in those years, and set a question for readers: Why do you want to open the "thousand doors on the top of the mountain"? The first four words of the third sentence, "galloping the world of mortals", are like montage techniques in movies, which shift the reader's perspective to the mountain road: flying on loess, riding like flying. People can't help but regenerate suspense because of these two jumping scenes: the forbidden door is opened and the horse is passed. Is there any military incident? But the word "princess smile" suddenly turned a corner, which made people relieved, but even more confused. Even because of the mysterious atmosphere, the poet insisted on knowing the result immediately, revealing the mystery implicitly and euphemistically: "No one knows it is litchi." It turns out that this is all caused by Yang Guifei. When she saw "riding the world of mortals" galloping past, she knew that the litchi that gave her appetite had arrived, so she "laughed" happily. Others thought it was urgent, but who thought it was fresh litchi in Fuzhou! The conclusion of the poem is the crowning touch of the whole poem, revealing the bane of the "An Shi Rebellion": the luxury of this bustling world has reached an unimaginable level! People can't help but think of Zhou Youwang's praise and laugh it off in those years, and he did not hesitate to fight a vassal war, which led to the collapse of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The poet recited the anecdote of Tianbao, aiming at warning the later monarchs not to delay the state affairs because of their lust for pleasure. However, the poet did not write about the tragic situation of An Shi, Xuanzong's hasty escape, Ma Youpo's performance, nor did he list Xuanzong's amusement, extravagance and luxury life. Instead, it suddenly showed such a "small thing" as sending litchi thousands of miles away to win the imperial concubine's smile and find historical problems in the details. "Riding a princess and laughing in the world of mortals" makes a wonderful contrast between a poor official who gallops on horseback and a smiling princess who painstakingly delivers fresh litchi, and expresses such a serious historical theme with a word "smile", which is highly generalized and typical.
5. I want to pay attention to Yao Qin about Meng Yao's love story poems, but there are few bosom friends. Who can listen to broken strings (Xiao Chongshan of Yue Fei)
One, one more. The lights in the banana window outside the window are infinite.
Dreams are hard to achieve, and hatred is hard to level. People who don't care don't like to hear it, and the empty steps fall. (Si Wanyong's Sauvignon Blanc)
Dong Feng Xie, who is in a bad mood, has been very depressed in recent years. Wrong, wrong, wrong (Lu You's Hairpin Phoenix)
Spring remains the same, people are empty, and tears are red and sad (Lu You's "Hairpin Phoenix")
Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion. Although Meng Shan is here, it is hard to trust Jin Shu. Mo, Mo, Mo (Hairpin Phoenix by Lu You)
It's dusk, and the wind and rain are getting worse (Lu You's Operator)
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains the same (Lu You's "Bu Operator")
Only dreams can reunite, and dreams can't be made by people (Lu You).
I am not afraid of silver and steel, but I am afraid of the wind and rags (Lu You's "Die in Hua Lian")
Cherish spring is afraid of early flowers, not to mention countless red flowers (Xin Qiji's "Fishing")
A thousand dollars to buy each other is like buying a gift. Who will complain about this situation (Xin Qiji's "Fishing")
Leisure is the most bitter, so don't lean on the dangerous fence. When the sun sets, the flowers will bloom (Xin Qiji's "Fishing")
Old enmity in Chunjiang is endless, and new enmity in Yunshan is thousand fold. I look forward to seeing you again in the Ming Dynasty.
You should also be surprised to ask: Recently, several Fahua (Xin Qiji's Nian Nujiao) have been published.
Old Feiyan can talk when the building is empty (Xin Qiji's Nian Nujiao)