gregorian chant
Artistic characteristics, aesthetic concept of timbre, and singing rules (male singing) are quite different from silent singing. You need to listen carefully, analyze and find out where they don't work.
Gregorian chant is a model of European religious music creation, which embodies the outstanding achievements of the world vocal music art at that time. Even in today's church, we can still feel this heritage. (1) Renaissance played a great role in the development of European music;
(2) From the end of16 to the beginning of 17, the first opera in Florence, Italy was born;
(3) In order to adapt to the opera singing at that time, we should inherit and develop the reasonable and scientific parts of religious songs and secular songs, learn from the beneficial experience of vocal music education in the past, and develop Bel Canto singing.
2. Focus on the main members of Florence Art Group and the main issues discussed by the group (contribution to the development of Bel Canto).
3. Explain the singing style of Bel Canto at that time and the main reasons for the formation of singing style. Bel canto, which literally means "beautiful singing", first appeared in Florence, Italy in the seventeenth century and spread to other major music centers in Italy in that century; Venice, Rome, Naples and later Milan. At that time, only the so-called "eunuch singers" used that special breath to control falsetto. In Italy and Europe, women are always excluded from the theatres of Catholic churches in many central cities. Both male and female roles are played by neutral people, and some great singers dominated the Italian opera stage for part of the18th century. Bel canto was strictly kept secret by professional teachers and students before19th century. This is a vocal art taught through oral communication. However, there is no doubt that it is based on a special pronunciation method. Later, Gatano Nava and Charles Steiner, a famous baritone vocal teacher in Milan, broke through the strict confidentiality regulations and distributed a vocal exercise book to his students, named Practical Vocal Exercise Method, which was made public. In the late 1920s, China students introduced this singing method to China, which has a history of more than half a century. According to experts' works, Bel Canto can be summarized as follows: the timbre is round and full, beautiful and smooth, the voice is free, the voice connection is smooth and clean, and the coloratura decoration is smooth and flexible. Bel canto singers also attach great importance to the effect of sound, and strive to exert the maximum energy of sound when singing. True and false voices are mixed, and the singing atmosphere is lasting and coherent. In addition, Bel Canto especially emphasizes the "high position" of the voice position, and the high position voice instantly emitted by the singer is the obvious evidence to test whether the Bel Canto vibrato is obtained. China's singers such as Yang Hongji, Vivienne Liu, Mohong and Yongzheng can be regarded as models of Bel Canto.