How to carry out autonomous learning

Wang Guilin, a new experimental school in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, believes that the ultimate goal of education is to realize the all-round development of human beings, and human development is mainly achieved through the active activities of the main body. Chinese teaching in primary schools is a practical activity for students to learn languages under the guidance of teachers. This kind of activity is students' autonomous activity, so in the usual Chinese teaching, students must be guided to become the masters of learning, so that students can truly reach the realm of "autonomous learning". So, how to guide students to carry out effective autonomous learning? Below I want to talk about my own practices in this regard: First, I choose my own learning content. The position of implementing quality education lies in the classroom, and students are the masters of classroom learning. There is no doubt about it. To cultivate students' autonomy, the key and first thing is to give students full freedom, give them the right to choose freely, give them the opportunity to practice independently, and let them show and develop their unique personality in the process of independent choice and practice. When reading a text for the first time, I always let students choose their favorite paragraphs and which paragraphs they want to read. There are no uniform requirements and mandatory regulations. When understanding the text, I always let students choose interesting sentences or keywords that can impress them the most. Different people have different opinions. Students often choose the content of reading according to their different hobbies and talk about their unique feelings about a word. This fully respects the students' subjectivity and meets the individual development needs of every student to the maximum extent. Second, choose your own learning methods. Opening learning content and letting students choose learning content independently is only the first step to cultivate students' autonomy. Next, students should be free to choose their favorite learning methods. We should acknowledge the individual differences of students. Because each student's learning foundation, learning ability and learning habits are different, the ways and means adopted in autonomous learning may also be different. In principle, we should respect students' study habits (as long as they are not bad habits) and encourage them to learn with their familiar learning methods as much as possible. When choosing a text, you can read silently, skip, read softly, read by yourself or at the same table. No matter what kind of reading method is adopted, as long as you can read satisfactorily and have your own unique feelings, experiences and opinions in the reading process, you should give full respect, enthusiastic appreciation and positive encouragement. For example, when teaching Zhan Tianyou, I first guide students to read independently, and then let them draw their deepest feelings with strokes. Because the study time is returned to the students and the choice is given to the students, the students really become the masters of classroom learning. So, for a while, this book was very loud in class. Students read and think, think and draw. They combined reading and thinking, and their subjectivity was fully demonstrated. In the following communication process, the students talked about their reading gains according to their hobbies. Some realized from Zhan Tianyou's words his meticulous and conscientious work spirit; Some feel that Zhan Tianyou takes the lead in seeking truth from facts from his actions; Others realized from Zhan Tianyou's thoughts that he must win glory for the motherland with strong patriotic enthusiasm ... No matter what kind of views, I positively affirmed and warmly praised them. Because I think, after all, these are students' unique life experiences of the text content and the full display of students' initiative and subjectivity. The newly promulgated "Chinese Curriculum Standard" clearly points out in the "Teaching Suggestions" that "reading is a personalized behavior of students, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice." Therefore, in the usual reading teaching, we must organize students to read fully, let them feel and think in their own reading practice, be infected by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and improve Chinese literacy. Third, choose your own study partner. The research of educational psychology shows that students need to pay their emotions when studying, and investing in positive emotions is efficient learning. In this sense, students can freely express their ideas and communicate in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere only if the two sides are emotionally coordinated, so as to realize active and effective cooperative learning. To this end, we should break the traditional closed situation that students are close at hand but strangers to each other, and strive to create a new pattern of open classroom teaching in which students actively cooperate and communicate. No matter the neighbor or the front seat, they can actively cooperate and communicate, and this communication can be carried out not only within each group, but also between groups. For example, after teaching "Bird Paradise", I created such an activity situation: "Students," Bird Paradise "has become a tourist attraction. Please write a guide word for' Bird Paradise' according to the content of the text and the information collected before class. " Because the time of activities is left to the students' free control, in this process, there is no excessive intervention from teachers, and students fully integrate new learning results according to their hobbies and original knowledge and experience. As a result, their autonomy was fully demonstrated once again, and they picked up pens one by one and wrote beautiful guides with different styles. After communication within the group, I asked each group to recommend one person to participate in the "Best Tour Guide in the Class" selection activity. The "tourists" under the stage listened to the introduction of the "little tour guide" on the stage with great interest. They not only enjoyed the magical landscape of "birds of paradise" and the local customs in this area in detail, but also marveled at the exquisite and unique explanation skills of the "little tour guides". In this way, students gain rich knowledge in and out of class in a relaxed and pleasant communication atmosphere, and further improve their oral expression ability and interest in learning. Suhomlinski said: "having free time is an important condition for personality development. A child's quality and talent can only be brought into play if he has time to engage in his favorite communication activities every day. " As primary school Chinese teachers in the new era, we must dare to break away from convention, creatively understand and use teaching materials, and try our best to create colorful teaching activities that students are willing to participate in. Only in this way can we better stimulate students' interest in learning and promote their lively, healthy and comprehensive independent development. Through this kind of independent exchange activities, students' thinking can be activated, their interest in learning can be improved, their advantages can be complemented and resources can be shared. At the same time, it helps to cultivate students' sense of cooperation and team spirit. Fourth, ask learning questions independently. "Learning is expensive and suspicious, small doubts are small, and big doubts are big." In each class, teachers should pay attention to inspire students to ask questions boldly at the appropriate time and encourage students to solve doubts through active exploration. For example, in the teaching of "Unlucky Helen", after the students read the topic together, I guided the students to ask themselves: "What do you want to know from this topic, classmates? Do you have any questions to ask? " A stone stirs up a thousand waves. Suddenly, the silent classroom seemed to explode. "Teacher, I want to know who is Helen? Where is she from? " "I wonder what Helen does?" "What kind of bad luck has Helen met?" "Helen overcome bad luck? How is her life now? " "What did Helen do in her bad luck?" ..... Looking at the students' small hands held high and listening to the students' curious questions, I was really happy. I am happy for the students' active thinking, and even more happy for the students' strong problem consciousness. "Well, let's ask the students to study hard with these questions and see if they can be solved." In this way, guiding students to ask questions according to topics not only effectively stimulates students' interest in independent reading, but also greatly mobilizes students' desire to explore the text, and successfully cultivates students' question awareness and questioning ability. At the same time, students ask questions independently, set clear learning goals for themselves, and carry out in-depth and effective reading exercises around the goals. In this process, students' autonomy in learning has been fully demonstrated and their initiative in life has been fully exerted. Chinese teaching must make students learn to think and be good at asking questions, so that students can really be "diligent and inquisitive". Only in this way can our students be active, intelligent and wise. As early as 1930s, Mr. Tao Xingzhi said concisely: "Creation begins with problems. Only when there are problems can you think; With thinking, there will be solutions to problems and the possibility of finding independent ideas. " Teachers must change the practice of only asking students to "look at the teacher's hands, listen to the teacher's mouth and follow the teacher's thinking" and pay attention to cultivating students' awareness of "problems" and the spirit of active inquiry. Teachers should give students some free time. During this time, students' thinking no longer follows the teacher's words. They can freely ask questions about the doubtful points in the book, or talk about different views on the problem or some fantastic ideas about things. Regardless of merits and demerits, teachers should take good care of them with admiring eyes and encouraging words. The purpose of doing this is, in the final analysis, to make students' thinking come alive, language light up and personality fly. Fifth, choose your own homework. The development of students' autonomy can not only be limited in-class training, but also be expanded and extended through extracurricular homework practice. However, for a long time, due to the influence of traditional educational ideas, students' learning activities are completely controlled by teachers, and the initiative of homework has always been controlled by teachers. Students have no right to say "what to do" and "how to do it", they can only do it absolutely. This phenomenon is extremely inconsistent with the current concept of new curriculum reform. Chinese curriculum standard points out: "Students are the main body of learning and development." Therefore, assigning homework should serve the active development of students. For example, after I finished a study of Chai Lilac, I designed a link to guide students to do their own homework. Please look at the following teaching clips: Teacher: Students, in this class, let's use our brains to read the text and read the truth with our own wisdom. The teacher is really happy for you. Now, the teacher wants to ask everyone to give themselves an assignment according to their own situation. Health: This poem is really beautiful. When I get home, I will recite it to my parents. Health: Lilacs are really beautiful. When I get back, I will draw lilacs on the book. Health: I like three or four verses of this poem best. I'm going to extract them. Student: Teacher, I think the "teacher" in this poem is as hard as you and cares about us. When I get home, I will also write something about you. Health: I know there are many poems about teachers. When I get back, I will find more such poems to read. Health: I have heard a beautiful song. Its name is Lilac. I want to learn to sing this song when I get home. In this link, teachers no longer give orders from above, but walk off the altar of "dictator", talk to students on an equal footing, guide students to design their own homework and complete their homework independently. In this way, returning the initiative of homework to students not only fully respects students' dominant position, but also greatly stimulates students' enthusiasm for autonomous learning, and achieves the goal of facing all, paying attention to differences, taking care of students' actual learning ability at different levels and meeting students' different interests and psychological development needs. Let every student show his personality and specialty in his homework. At the same time, independent operation has changed the traditional single operation mode. Students read or recite, speak or write, draw or sing, making the flowers of homework more colorful and the flowers of life more beautiful and moving. Of course, in the usual teaching work, according to different text contents and types, students can also be asked to look up, find, or act and do. In short, the arrangement of homework should be conducive to giving full play to students' autonomy. In a word, students are the masters of classroom learning, so we must respect their dominant position in teaching, give full play to their active learning spirit, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative in learning. Teachers should give students full freedom in every link, so that they have free time, the right to choose independently, the opportunity to practice independently, and a platform for independent exchange and display, so that they can have a successful experience of self-realization and further stimulate their enthusiasm for independent learning. In this way, in the deep heart of students, learning will be regarded as a pleasure and an internal demand for their own development. For them, learning is no longer a burden and a chore, but a means to improve and perfect themselves, and it is a life experience that makes them happy physically and mentally.