Sleepwalking in Tianmu's poems and farewells
Li Bai
Sleepwalking in Tianmu's (mǔ) poems and leaving farewells (also known as "Sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountains and Farewell to the Dukes of Donglu" (1 ), a work "Farewell to the Dukes of Donglu" (selected from "The Complete Works of Li Taibai")
Haike talks about Yingzhou, and it is difficult to find a letter in the mist; (2) Yue people (3) Talking to Tian Lao, the clouds and clouds are bright and extinguished (4) or can be seen. Tianmu stretches the sky towards the sky (5), and pulls out the five mountains to cover Chicheng (6). The rooftop (tāi) is 18,000 feet long, and it is tilted toward the southeast (7).
I want to dream about Wuyue (8) and fly across Jinghu Lake (9) in one night. The moon over the lake shines on my shadow and sends me to the Shan River (10). The place where Xie Gong (11) stayed (sù) is still there, and the water of Lu (lù) (12) is clear (13) and the ape cries. Wearing (zhuó) Xie Gong's clogs (jī) (14), he climbed the Qingyun Ladder. (15) The sun is visible from the sea (16), and chickens are heard in the sky (17). Thousands of rocks have many twists and turns, and the path is uncertain. The lost flowers leaning against the rocks are suddenly dim. (18) Bears roar, dragons sing, Yin (yǐn) rock springs (19), and chestnuts in the deep forest are startling at the top of the mountain (20). The clouds are green (21) and it is raining (yù), and the water is watery and smoke is coming. List of missing (22) thunderbolt, hills and mountains collapsed. The stone door of the cave opens suddenly. (23) Qing Ming (24) is vast and bottomless, and the sun and moon shine on the gold and silver platform (25). Ni is the clothes, the wind is the horse, and the kings of clouds (26) come and go one after another. The tiger, the drum, the harp, the luan (luán), return to the carriage (27), and the immortals are lined up like hemp. Suddenly his soul was palpitating and his soul was moving, he was startled (huǎng) (28) and started to sigh (jiē). But when I feel (jué) (29), my pillow mat loses the ever-present haze. (30)
The same is true for pleasure in the world. In ancient times, everything flows eastward (31). When will you return after leaving? Let's put the white deer among the green cliffs and ride on it to visit famous mountains. (32) An Neng can crush his eyebrows and bend his waist. (33) Serving the powerful makes me unhappy!
Notes
(1). Yin Fan's "Heyue Yingling Collection" contains this poem titled "Dream Wandering in Tianmu Mountain and Farewell to the Dukes of Donglu". Later versions were either titled "Sleepwalking Tianmu chanted to leave a farewell to the Dukes", or "Dreamwalking Tianmu chanted to leave a farewell to the Dukes", or "Farewell to the Dukes of Donglu". Tianmu Mountain: Fifty miles east of Xinchang County, Shaoxing, and adjacent to Tiantai Mountain in the east. Legend has it that a climber once heard Tianmu (an old woman) singing songs, hence the name. Selected from "The Complete Works of Li Taibai". In the third year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (744), Li Taibai was squeezed out by the powerful in Chang'an and was released from Beijing. The next year, he traveled south from Donglu (now Shandong) to Yuezhou (Shaoxing). He wrote this poem describing his dream trip to Tianmu Mountain and left it to his friends in Donglu, so he also titled it "Dream Traveling to Tianmu Mountain Farewell" Dukes of Eastern Lu".
(2). Haike: A person who wanders on the sea. Yingzhou: the legendary fairy mountain in the East China Sea. "Historical Records·Fengchan Shu": "Ziwei, Xuan, and Yanzhao sent people into the sea to seek the three sacred mountains of Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou. They were passed down in the Bohai Sea and were not far away. If the trouble comes, the wind will lead them away." When the time comes, all the immortals and the elixir of immortality will be there." Yan Tao: The waves are vague and look like smoke from a distance. Wei Ming: The scene is blurry. Letter: Real. Difficult to find: Difficult to find.
(3). Yue people: refers to people from Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
(4) Yunxia fades: Yunxia flickers on and off.
(5) Xiangtianheng: covering the sky. Horizontal, blocking.
(6). The mountains are more powerful than the five mountains and cover Akagi. Ba: beyond. Five mountains: Mount Tai in the east, Mount Huashan in the west, Mount Song in the middle, Mount Heng in the north, and Mount Heng in the south. Chicheng: The name of the mountain is located in the north of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province. It is the south gate of Tiantai Mountain. The soil is all red. Tiantai (tāi): the name of the mountain in the north of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province today. "Ten Roads on Mountains and Rivers": "Tiantai Mountain is ten miles north of Tiantai County, Taizhou. It is 8,000 feet high and circles around for 800 miles. Its mountain has eight layers and is the same on all sides." Forty-eight thousand feet: describes Tiantai Mountain as being very high. This is an exaggeration, not a real number.
(7) In this regard, I want to fall to the southeast: Facing the mountain (Tianmu), (Tiantai Mountain) seems to be prostrating to the east of it. It means that Tiantai Mountain is lower than Tianmu Mountain.
(8). Cause: cause, basis. It refers to the words of Yue people in the previous paragraph.
(9). Jinghu: Jianhu, the most famous urban lake in Shaoxing in the Tang Dynasty.
(10). Yan (shàn) Creek: the name of the water, located in the south of Shengzhou City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, on the upper reaches of the Cao'e River.
(11) Xie Gong: Xie Lingyun, a Shaoxing poet from the Guide Dynasty. Xie Lingyun likes to travel in the mountains. When he visited Tianmu Mountain, he once lived in Yanxi.
(12). Lu: clear.
(13) Qing: This means desolate.
(14). Xie Gong’s clogs: Xie Lingyun’s (the kind of clogs). A special wooden shoe worn by Xie Lingyun when traveling in the mountains. There are movable saw teeth under the soles. The front teeth are removed when going up the mountain, and the back teeth are removed when going down the mountain.
(15) Qingyun Ladder: refers to the mountain road that goes straight up to the sky.
(16) See the sun halfway up the mountain: Halfway up the mountain, you can see the sun rising from the sea.
(17) Heavenly rooster: According to ancient legend, there is Taodu Mountain in the southeast. There is a big tree on the mountain with branches stretching for three thousand miles. There is a rooster on the tree. Whenever the sun rises, it shines on this On the tree, the sky rooster crows, and all the chickens in the world follow it.
(18) Fascinated by flowers and leaning on stones, it is suddenly dark: Fascinated by flowers and leaning on stones, I don’t feel that it is getting late. .Dark, dark, night.
(19) The bear roars and the dragon sings in Yinyan Spring: The bear is roaring, the dragon is roaring, shaking the mountains and rivers, and the spring water in the rock is vibrating. "Yinyuanquan" means "Yinyuanquan". Yin is used as a verb here to sound.
(20) Li Shen Lin Xi shocked the top of the floor: It made the deep forest tremble and shocked the top of the floor.
(21). Qingqing: dark.
(22). List of missing items: lightning. Column, Tong "split", split. Que refers to the gap in the clouds. The electric light burst out from the cloud, so it was called "Liequ".
(23). The stone door of the cave sky opened with a bang (hōng): The stone door of the Immortal Mansion opened from the middle with a bang. Dongtian: The cave where the gods live, which means there is a different world in the cave. Shifei: that is, Shimen. Xian Ran: Describes a loud voice.
(24). Qingming: Qingtian. Gold and Silver Platform: The place where gods live. "Historical Records? Fengchan Shu" records: According to people who have been to Penglai Wonderland, "gold and silver are the palaces" there.
(25). Jinyintai: a palace made of gold and silver, which refers to the place where gods live. Guo Pu's "Poetry on Traveling to Immortals" "The immortals came out of the clouds, only to see gold and silver platforms."
(26) Lord of the Clouds: The Immortal in the Clouds.
(27). Luan returns to the car: The Luan bird drives the car. Luan: A legendary bird like the phoenix. Return, revolve, rotate.
(28). Sudden: suddenly, suddenly.
(29) Sui Shi: When you wake up.
(30). The smoke and clouds that have always been lost: The smoke and clouds that I saw in my dream just now are gone. Always, it turns out. The haze refers to the fairyland written above.
(31). East-flowing water: (like) east-flowing water (gone never to return).
(32). Let’s put the white deer among the green cliffs, and when it’s time to go, ride it to visit the famous mountains: Let’s put the white deer among the green cliffs, and when it’s time to go, ride it to visit the famous mountains. Yes, wait.
(33). Kill the eyebrows and bend the waist: destroy the eyebrows, that is, lower the eyebrows. To bow one's head and stoop is to grovel. Tao Yuanming once sighed, "How can I bow down to the village children for five measures of rice!"
Translation
When guests from overseas talk about Yingzhou, (the sea) is misty, (Yingzhou) It’s really hard to find. People in Shaoxing talk about Tianmu Mountain, which can sometimes be seen in the clouds and mist. Tianmu Mountain towers into the clouds, connecting to the sky and stretching across the sky. The mountain is taller than the Five Sacred Mountains and covers Mount Chicheng. Tiantai Mountain is 10,000 feet high (10,000 is the correct version, 40,000 is a misinformation according to research) and 8,000 feet high. Facing Tianmu Mountain, it seems to be leaning toward the southeast and bowing down.
I sleepwalked to Shaoxing based on what the Yue people said. One night, I flew across the Mirror Lake reflected in the bright moon. The moonlight of Jinghu Lake shines on my shadow, sending me all the way to Shanxi River. The place where Xie Lingyun lived is still there, with clear lake water rippling and apes chirping. Wearing the wooden shoes specially made by Mr. Xie on his feet, he climbed the mountain road that went straight to the sky. (Going up) halfway up the mountain, you can see the sun rising from the sea, and the crow of roosters can be heard in the sky. The mountain road is winding and winding, and the direction is uncertain. I am obsessed with flowers and leaning on stones, and I don't realize that it is getting late. The bear is roaring, the dragon is roaring, the spring in the rock is vibrating, making the forest tremble and the mountain peaks tremble. The clouds were dark, as if it was about to rain, and the water ripples stirred up smoke. Lightning flashed, thunder roared, and the mountain seemed to collapse. The stone door of the Immortal Mansion opened from the middle with a clang. It was dark and the bottom of the cave could not be seen. The sun and moon illuminated the palace made of gold and silver. Using rainbows as clothes and winds as horses to ride on, the gods in the clouds came down one after another. The tiger plays the harp and the luan pulls the cart. The immortals were lined up in rows, as numerous as a dense mass. Suddenly he was startled, and he suddenly woke up and let out a long sigh. When I woke up, there was only the pillow beside me, and all the smoke and clouds I had seen in my dream had disappeared.
The same is true for the happiness in the world. Since ancient times, everything has gone away like water flowing in the east. I will tell you when I will come back. I will let the white deer graze among the green cliffs for the time being. When I go sightseeing, I will ride on it to visit the Mingchuan Mountains. How could I grovel and serve the powerful? This made me feel depressed and extremely uncomfortable!
Writing background
Li Bai had the ambition to help the world in his early years, but he disdained to enter an official career through the imperial examination, and hoped to become a prime minister from a commoner. Therefore, he traveled around the country and made friends with celebrities to build his reputation. In the first year of Tianbao (742) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's friend Taoist Wu Yun recommended Li Bai to Xuanzong, and Xuanzong summoned him to Chang'an. Li Bai had great hopes for this trip to Chang'an. In his farewell poem to his wife, "Farewell to the Expedition," he wrote: "If you wear the golden seal when you return, you will never see Su Qin not getting off the plane." When Li Bai first arrived in Chang'an, There was a brief period of pride, but he was proud and refused to join the ranks of the powerful. He also ordered Xuanzong's favored minister Gao Lishi to take off his boots when he was drunk, which offended the powerful and even Xuanzong was dissatisfied with him. He only lived in Chang'an for more than a year before he was given a reward and released. His dream of being a commoner and becoming a prime minister was completely shattered.
After Li Bai left Chang'an, he first went to Luoyang to meet Du Fu and formed a friendship. Later, they traveled to the hometown of Liang and Song Dynasties. At this time, Gao Shi also came to meet him, and the three of them traveled to Shandong together. Not long after arriving in Yanzhou, Du Fu went west to Chang'an, and Li Bai went south to Kuaiji (Shaoxing). This poem was written before he left. Title: "Yin" is a form of ancient poetry. The content is mostly sad and lamentable. The form is free, lively and eclectic. "Dream Traveling to Tianmu Mountain and Leaving Farewell" is to write a poem about the trip to Tianmu Mountain in a dream and leave it to Donglu's friends to say goodbye.
Explanation
This is a poem about dreams and a poem about traveling to immortals. The poem is about a dream trip to the famous mountains of Xianfu, with unique meaning, precise conception and majestic artistic conception. The emotions are deep and intense, and the changes are unpredictable in the ethereal description, which embodies the reality of life. Although bizarre, it is not contrived. The content is rich and tortuous, the image is brilliant and smooth, and it is full of romanticism. In form, it is mixed with mixed words and uses Sao style. It is not bound by laws and is liberated from the system. Written by hand, the pen moves according to the mood, and the poetry is full of talent. It can be called a masterpiece.
Appreciation
The first few lines of the poem are the reasons for the dream. The poet said: People who came back from the sea talked about Yingzhou, which was separated by the vast sea, and it was really difficult to find it; people from Yue talked about Tianmu Mountain, which sometimes disappeared and appeared in the clouds, and maybe it could still be seen. "Yingzhou" is a sacred mountain. According to ancient Chinese legend, there are three sacred mountains in the East China Sea, one is called Penglai, one is called Fangzhang, and the other is called Yingzhou. Yue, now in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. "Faith" should be spoken of "really" here.
First of all, "Haike talks about Yingzhou, and it is hard to find a letter in the misty waves." This stroke is a foil, which makes the poem have a magical color from the beginning; The light is extinguished or visible." Let's get to the point. The following is a description of the height of Tianmu Mountain: "The sky extends to the sky, and the five mountains cover Chicheng. The rooftop is 18,000 feet long, and it is about to fall to the southeast." The poet first compared Tianmu Mountain with the sky, and saw only The mountain lies across the clouds in the sky, as if connected with the sky. Comparing Tianmu Mountain with other mountains, it not only surpasses the Five Sacred Mountains, which are famous for their height, but also towers over the nearby Akagi. "Five Mountains" refers to the five famous mountains in my country, Taishan, Huashan, Hengshan, Songshan and Hengshan. "Akagi" is the name of a mountain in what is now Tiantaibei, Zhejiang. Because the mountain is lined with red rocks, it looks like a red city from a distance, so it is called Akagi. Then the poet changed his perspective and focused on Tiantai Mountain. He said that although Tiantai Mountain in the southeast of Laoshan Mountain was very high that day, it was so short that it seemed to collapse in front of Tianmu Mountain. The "Tiantai 18,000 feet" here just means that Tiantai Mountain is very high, not that it is actually 18,000 feet.
Here, the poet did not directly say how high Tianmu Mountain is, but used comparison and foil techniques to describe its towering appearance vividly, as if it was tall and straight, appearing and disappearing in the clouds. The Tianmu Mountain is right in front of our eyes, arousing our fantasies, and we follow the poet step by step towards the dreamy realm.
Starting from the sentence "I want to dream of Wuyue", the poet enters the dream state. The section from here to "The Lost Haze" is all about dreams, which is the main part of the poem.
The poet dreamed that he flew over Jinghu Lake and then to Yanxi River overnight under the light of the lake and moonlight. He saw: The place where Xie Gongtou stayed is still there, with the rippling Lushui River and the crow of apes, and the scenery is very elegant. "Xie Gong" refers to Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xie Lingyun likes to travel to mountains and is famous for writing landscape poems. He has visited almost all famous mountains in Zhejiang. When Xie Lingyun climbed Tianmu Mountain, he once stayed in Shanxi, and left a poem that "I stayed in Shanzhong in the dark, and climbed to Tianmucen tomorrow".
Then, Li Bai wrote: "Wearing Xie Gong's clogs, we climbed up the Qingyun Ladder. We could see the sea and the sun from half of the wall, and we could hear chickens in the sky." The "Xie Gong's clogs" here refer to the ones specially made by Xie Lingyun. A type of wooden shoe used for mountaineering. There are wooden teeth on the sole. The front teeth are removed when going up the mountain, and the back teeth are removed when going down the mountain. This saves effort when walking. "Celestial Chicken" is a kind of divine chicken in ancient legends. It is said that it lives in a big tree on the top of Taodu Mountain in the East China Sea. When the Heavenly Chicken crows, all the chickens in the world will crow with it. The poet said: He wore the wooden clogs specially made by Xie Lingyun and climbed up the stone steps leading to Qingyun in Tianmu Mountain. Standing on the top of the mountain, I saw the red sun of the East China Sea emerging from the mountainside and heard the crow of roosters in the sky. In this way, from flying across Jinghu Lake to climbing to the top of Tianmu Mountain, writing all the way, the scenery changes step by step, the dream unfolds step by step, and the color of fantasy intensifies step by step, leading to the climax of fantasy. A mysterious and bizarre fairy world unfolds on the front: "Thousands of rocks and ravines, the road is uncertain, and the lost flowers leaning on the rocks are suddenly dim. Bears roar and dragons sing in Yinyan Spring, and chestnut trees are deep in the forest. The clouds are green and it's like rain, and the water is rippling. Smoke comes from the air." These sentences mean that the road is winding and has no certain direction among the thousands of twists and turns of rocks. Leaning on the rocks, fascinated by the colorful mountain flowers, the sky suddenly became dark. The bears were roaring and the dragons were roaring, making the rocks, springs, deep forests, and mountains tremble. The weather also changed drastically. The sky was green and it looked like it was going to rain, and smoke rose from the misty water. Written vividly and vividly. The syntax of Chu Ci is used here, which not only changes the rhythm, but also reminds readers of the style of Chu Ci, adding a romantic color.
Suddenly the scene changed again: in front of us, there were thunderbolts and lightning, the mountains cracked, and with a roar, the stone door leading to the Immortal Cave opened, revealing in the boundless blue and transparent sky. The gold and silver pavilion illuminated by the sun and moon.
Let's take a look: "Lieqi was struck by thunderbolts, and the hills collapsed. The stone door of the cave suddenly opened in the middle. The blue sky was vast and bottomless, and the sun and moon shone on the gold and silver platform." Here the author uses four four-character sentences in succession: "Lieqi" "Thunderbolt, the mountains collapsed. The stone door of the cave suddenly opened." The rhythm is uneven and sonorous, fully describing the majestic momentum of the opening of the heavenly gate. "Liequ" is lightning.
Before the Heavenly Gate opened, the poet tried his best to describe the dim and trance-like colors and the earth-shattering sounds. But after the Heavenly Gate opened, the scene became glorious and magnificent. In this way, the former plays a foil role in the latter, forming a wave from low to high in the momentum of the poem. A magical background is rendered for the appearance of the gods.
Then, the gods appeared: "Ni is the clothes, the wind is the horse, the kings of the clouds are coming and going one after another. The tigers and drums are playing, the luan is returning to the carriage, and the immortals are lined up like hemp." Many gods and immortals One after another came out, wearing clothes made of rainbows, riding on the wind as horses, tigers were playing music, and phoenixes were pulling carts. When the dream is written here, it has reached its highest point. The poet's fantasy is really like "a horse in the sky", running freely and freely.
Reading these charming poems is like watching a colorful and unpredictable fairy tale film, which is so charming and fascinating. It makes people fascinated after reading it, as if they are in a fairy world.
However, the good dream did not last long: "Suddenly, my soul palpitated with my soul, I suddenly woke up and sighed. I only felt that the pillow mat of time was missing the haze that had always been there." I woke up from the dream with a frightened heart, and with a long sigh, I pillowed on the mat. Still, where did the smoke and clouds just now go? The poem suddenly stops at the highest point of the dream, and turns sharply, from fantasy to reality, as if the music suddenly switches from high notes resounding in the sky to low notes, making the listener's mood calm down. . When reading poetry, especially ancient poetry, you should pay attention to the ups and downs of the whole poem.
The poet's despair after waking up from the dream leads to the last paragraph. This paragraph switches from dream writing to realism, revealing the central meaning of the whole poem. This poem is used to leave something else, to tell the friends who stay in Ludong why they want to go to Tianmu Mountain to seek immortality and Taoism. This section is the main theme of the whole poem. In just a few lines, it expresses the poet's inner contradictions and bursts out the poet's strong emotions. He believed that, just like this sleepwalking, enjoying life in the world always brings great joy and sorrow. All things in the past are always fleeting like flowing water. It is better to ride a white deer to famous mountains to find immortals and visit Taoism. This sentimental mood and escapist attitude toward life reflects the negative side of Li Bai's thoughts. It is understandable that intellectuals belonging to the feudal ruling class in feudal society have a negative attitude towards life when they suffer political setbacks. However, when we evaluate Li Bai's thoughts expressed in this poem, we must not only see this side, but also the other, stronger side. In Li Bai's thoughts, what accompanies "the impermanence of life" is not surrender to life or collaborating with powerful ministers and nobles, but contempt and resistance to the upper-class rulers. His visit to immortals was not to satisfy his endless greed like the First Emperor of Qin and Emperor Wu of Han, but to express his disdain and uncompromising attitude towards powerful officials and nobles in a way far away from reality. Just as the conclusion of the poem says: "I can bow my head and bend down to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy!" How can I bow my head and bend down to serve those powerful people, making me unhappy all day long? From here, we can see that the poet's thoughts are tortuous and complicated. But its main aspect is positive and rebellious.
Let’s briefly talk about the artistic style of this poem.
Li Bai is an outstanding representative of the romantic school among ancient Chinese poets. This poem is full of romanticism in terms of conception and expression techniques. It completely breaks through the cliché of farewell and farewell poems in general, and instead uses farewell to express one's political attitude of not being interested in the powerful. When narrating, it did not adopt a straightforward approach, but was conceived around a dream about immortality, and it was not until the end that it came to the main theme of not caring about the powerful. This kind of conception opens up a broad field for the poet's fantasy. In line with this idea, he boldly uses exaggerated techniques to describe the fantasy world and create fantasy images. In this regard, the poet showed extraordinary talent. He wrote about roaring bears and dragons, thunder and lightning, castles in the air, and colorful horses... He wrote the fantasy scenes vividly, which is really dazzling and thrilling. Du Fu said that Li Bai's "writing was shocked by the storm, and his poems became weeping ghosts and gods", which was a very appropriate comment. It should also be noted that the author does not write fantasy for the sake of writing fantasy, but to serve the purpose of "not being a favor to the powerful". When he wrote about the beauty of the fairy world, it was a reflection of the ugliness of the real world; when he wrote about himself wanting to travel to fairyland, he expressed his hatred of the real world and his unwillingness to join the ranks of powerful officials and nobles. The theme of not being a powerful person is like a spotlight, illuminating the whole poem, and fantasy becomes vivid in this light. Otherwise, even if it is extravagant a hundred times, it will not emit a moving brilliance.
This poem is a seven-character ancient poem. Seven-character ancient poetry is a type of old-style poetry that was formed before the Tang Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, both ideological content and artistic form had been fully developed. This style of poetry is mainly composed of seven words, but it can also use long or short sentences. Use rhyme, you can rhyme to the end, or you can change rhyme in the middle. There is no limit to the number of sentences, and the length can be long or short. Among old-style poems, it is less constrained by meter. Li Bai was very good at writing seven-character ancient poems.
This is probably due to the smooth and natural characteristics of this poetry style, which is more suitable for expressing his heroic and unrestrained thoughts and feelings. As far as this poem is concerned, the changes in syntax are extremely creative. Although seven-character sentences are used as the basic tone, four-character, five-character, six-character, and nine-character sentences are also used alternately. Such flexible and diverse syntax is used in a poem, but it does not feel forced and cohesive, but integrated and very coordinated. This is because the whole poem is run through by a thread of emotional development. As the emotions rise and fall, the verses may be longer or shorter, and the beat may be rapid or slow. Some people say that Li Bai's poems "are ever-changing, like beads on a disk, but they never go beyond the rules." This is very appropriate. (Liu Guozheng)
This poem is extremely romantic in conception and expression. In order to show his attitude of not being interested in the powerful by saying farewell, the poet conceived a sleepwalking scene and created vivid images in dreams. This can easily remind people of the style of Chu Ci and increase the romance of the poem. ism color. Comparing these with the ugly reality at that time, I returned to the main purpose of not caring about the powerful, and it was almost seamless. This unique idea uses metaphor, contrast, foil, exaggeration, association and other techniques to make the fantasy things vivid and thrilling. No wonder Du Fu commented on this poem that "when the pen falls, the wind and rain startle, the poem becomes the weeping ghosts and gods."
Mapping
Tianmu Mountain actually reflects the imperial court. The second paragraph starts from mountain climbing and describes the beauty and magnificence of Tianmu Mountain to express his dependence and favor on the imperial court when he was promoted in the early days after entering the imperial court. The three characters "Suddenly Dark" indicate that one is deeply involved. Have been deceived from seeing the real facts. Then suddenly "the bears roared and the dragons sang in the Yinyan Spring, and the chestnuts in the deep woods shocked the tops of the mountains." It means that he has begun to offend the powerful. Later, "thunderbolts struck the ranks, and the mountains collapsed" reflected his fall from grace. And I have been struggling with this kind of "gain" and "loss". After reaching the state of enlightenment, "suddenly my soul palpitated and my soul moved, and I suddenly started to sigh." - Only then did I realize that all of this was just a dream.
The last paragraph expresses his disdain for the dark court and his free and easy character. The first sentence expresses the slightly negative thought that things in the world are unpredictable. The second sentence expresses the poet's desire to hide away from the dark and dirty real world. And "An Neng can bend his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy!" He vented the depression of Chang'an for three years. The pen that flew from the sky illuminates the theme of the whole poem.
Purpose: contempt for the powerful, dissatisfied with reality, and unyielding rebellion against the world. He is eager to help the people, stabilize the country, and assist the wise king in governing the world.