Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poems such as "Song", "Song", "Qu" and "Ling", which are also ancient poems. Ancient poetry does not talk about antithesis, and rhymes casually. The development track of ancient poetry is: The Book of Songs → Songs of the South →
Modern poetry includes metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs and Yuefu. It is characterized by a fixed tone, a fixed number of sentences and a fixed tone of words. Different words can be divided into long tone (above 9 1 word), middle tone (59-90 words) and poetic tone (below 58 words). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic.
④ Qu, also known as Yu Ci and Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu originated in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style is similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and suites (suites). Suite number is a coherent group of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each assembly number is the first.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Lyrics about scenery, lyric poems praising scenic spots and describing natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often express their feelings with landscapes and express their thoughts and feelings by depicting rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poems often express their feelings in the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Their style is fresh and natural.
(2) The poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of the object to be sung, in order to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
I feel nostalgic for poetry, which aroused the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
Recalling the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing one's own opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Frontier poems, which describe the frontier scenery and the military life of soldiers guarding the frontier, or express their optimism or homesickness, are tragic in style and bold in brushwork.
Metric: the general name for the formal requirements of classical poetry. "Ge" is the format, including the number of sentences in a certain poetic style, the number of words in each sentence, the rhythm, the format (sentence pattern) of some sentences, antithesis (similar to the "duality" of rhetoric) and so on. "Rhythm" is rhythm, including the level of each sentence, the rhyme of the sentence, the requirements of rhyme and so on.
From the perspective of meter, poetry can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry. Modern poetry is also called modern poetry or metrical poetry, including quatrains. From the word count, there are four-character poems, five-character poems, six-character poems and seven-character poems. There are few four-character poems and six-character poems.
Classical poetry is written in the style of ancient poetry. To put it simply, all poems that are not written according to the rules of modern poetry and are not bound by the rules of modern poetry are classical poems (regardless of this book).
Modern poetry can be roughly divided into three types: regular poetry, exclusive poetry and quatrains.
Modern poetry is represented by metrical poems, which refer to poems written according to certain metrical patterns. Although there are many aspects of metrical poems that pay attention to rhyme, balance and antithesis, they mainly have the following four characteristics:
(1) Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws;
(2) They are all rhymed;
(3) stipulate the level of each sentence;
(4) Every song should have antithesis, and the position of antithesis is also stipulated.
There is a metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long rhythm. Long rhyme is generally five words, and the number of rhymes is often marked on the topic. For example, Wang Wei's "Henan Yan, Visitors Pay Ten Rhymes" is a hundred words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail connection), so it is also called parallelism.
The number of words in quatrains is half less than that in metrical poems, which is equivalent to half a metrical poem in form, so metrical requirements are the same as metrical poems.