Huanxisha
Yan Shu
A new song and a glass of wine,
The weather was the same last year.
When will the sun set?
There is no choice but the flowers fall away,
The familiar swallow returns.
The fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.
Although this word has the meaning of regretting the spring, it is actually an expression of emotion.
The upper part of the poem combines the present and the past, overprinting time and space, focusing on thinking about the past; the lower part cleverly uses the foreground to focus on the sentimentality of today. The language of the whole word is round and fluent, popular and clear, clear and natural, with profound meaning, enlightening and thought-provoking. The deep thoughts about the universe and life in the words give people philosophical enlightenment and beautiful artistic enjoyment.
Start with the sentence "A new song with a glass of wine, the weather last year is the same pavilion." Write about the current situation of drinking and listening to songs. From the intricate sentence patterns and the brisk and fluent tone, we can feel that when the poet faced the current situation, he initially had relaxed and joyful feelings and a free and easy attitude. But while listening and drinking, this situation unexpectedly triggered the recollection of a similar state experienced "last year": it was the same late spring weather as this year, and we faced the same pavilions and pavilions as before us. Clear songs and fine wine. However, under the appearance that everything seems to be the same, I clearly feel that something has undergone irreversible changes. This is the passing years and a series of related personnel. So the poet couldn't help but sigh from the bottom of his heart: "When will the sunset return to the west?" The sunset is in the foreground. But what the poet triggered by this was his lingering on beautiful scenery and love affairs, his regret at the passage of time, and his faint hope for the recurrence of beautiful things. This is an instant feeling, but what is felt is actually not limited to the immediate situation, but extends to the entire life, which not only contains perceptual activities, but also contains some kind of philosophical contemplation. There is no way to stop the setting sun. We can only hope that it will rise again in the east. However, the passage of time and changes in personnel can never be repeated.
"There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the swallows return as if they have known each other before." The line of work is clever and complete, fluent and implicit. This is also the reason why this poem is famous. But what is more interesting is the intention contained in this couplet.
The withering of flowers, the passing of spring, and the passage of time are all irresistible natural laws. Although it is useless to linger with regret, so we say "there is nothing we can do", which is a continuation of "the sunset"; however, In this late spring air, what I feel is not just the helpless decline and disappearance, but also the gratifying reappearance. Isn’t the swallow returning gracefully like an old acquaintance who nested here last year? This sentence should be "when will you return". Although flowers falling and swallows returning are also in the foreground, once they are associated with "helpless
he" and "deja vu", their connotations become very broad, with symbolic meaning of beautiful things. In the intertwining of regret and relief, there is a certain philosophy of life: all the beautiful things that are bound to disappear cannot be prevented from disappearing, but while they disappear, there are still beautiful things reappearing, and life will not become nothing because of their disappearance. . It's just that this kind of reappearance is not the same as the intact reappearance of beautiful things. It is just "deja vu".
The fundamental reason why this word is so popular and widely recited is that there is thought in the emotion. The words seem to be unintentionally describing commonplace phenomena, but they have philosophical implications, inspiring people to think about the universe and life issues from a higher level. The poem involves the profound and broad idea that time is eternal but life is limited, but it is very implicit.
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Appreciation 2
A new song and a glass of wine, the weather is the same as last year. When does the sun set?
There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the familiar swallow returns. The fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.
This poem is one of Yan Shu’s masterpieces and basically represents Yan Shu’s artistic style. His collection of poems is called "Zhuyu Ci", which is aptly named. There are indeed many works in "Zhuyu Ci" that are as round as beads and as crystal clear as jade. At that time, there were many students in the Chinese language arena who liked Yan Shu's Ci. This poem is clearly about caring about people, but there is no such thing as caring about people. It is a masterpiece that uses scenery to set off feelings.
However, the reason why this word has been passed down through the ages is that the essence is still in the couplet "There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the familiar swallows return".
This couplet is basically composed of virtual characters. Everyone knows that it is easier to make pairs with real words, but not so easy with imaginary words. Therefore, when Zhuo Renyue discussed this couplet in "Ci Tong", he said that "it is easy to work in the real place, but difficult to work in the virtual place. The beauty of the method is indistinguishable." Qian Zhongshu also said in "Tan Yi Lu" that "the so-called antithesis of laws is to match the language and form a family. The more you can make the non-categorical, the more wonderful the poet's skill will be."
Although it is composed of imaginary words, it has substantial, thought-provoking and evocative content, which makes people feel even more valuable. This couplet describes the delicate feelings that people have in their hearts but cannot be found in writing, and expresses the laws of nature. The success lies in the fact that the author is good at capturing the feeling of the moment and describing this feeling to a certain philosophical level.
"Helpless" is the author's feelings, feelings and exclamations. "Flowers falling away" is a common phenomenon in nature and an objective law that does not depend on people's will. Facing the falling flowers, thinking of the disappearance of spring and the changes in life, I can't help but feel a sense of regret. However, the author can do nothing about it and can only say "helpless". The "flower" here refers to the flowers that bloom and fall in spring, but also reminds people of many other things that rise and fall. "Deja vu" is also the author's feeling and feeling. Swallows go south in autumn and return north in spring, which is consistent with the season. They have different wings, fly close to the ground, and murmur to each other. Because they have the same body shape, it is difficult for anyone to tell whether they are the two swallows from the old nest, so they are named "like déjà vu" before "acquaintance". "The Return of Swallows" is also an objective law that does not depend on human will. Swallows traveling north and south symbolize the change of seasons and the passage of time. "Swallow" not only refers to the swallows that come and go in spring and autumn, but also reminds people of people or things that return gracefully like swallows and rediscover old people or things. "Flower" and "Swallow" have become symbols that make people think wildly and far... Every time "flowers fall away" and "swallows return" alternate, a year passes, and life gradually ages and disappears in this endless alternation. "Flowers fall away" and "swallows return" are common and ordinary things, but when the author adds the exclamatory phrases "helpless" and "deja vu" before these two short sentences, he makes this extremely Ordinary natural phenomena are included in the philosophical category that life is limited and time is eternal, creating an artistic conception of "feelings and thoughts".
There is another legend about the origin of this couplet:
Once, Yan Shu came to Weiyang and lived in Daming Temple. He turned around and suddenly found a well-written poem on the wall, but unfortunately there was no author's name. Yan Shu ran in and out, asking questions, and finally found out that the author of this poem was named Wang Qi, and his home was near Daming Temple. Since Yan Shu discovered from the poems that Wang Qi had high literary accomplishment and was good at writing poems, he immediately decided to invite Wang Qi to discuss poetry together.
After Wang Qi arrived, he found that Yan Shu was good at appreciating poems and essays, and his attitude was very humble. Seeing that Wang Qi had a cheerful personality and good conversation, Yan Shu invited Wang Qi to dinner. The two of them were eating and talking, feeling very happy. After dinner, we went to the pool to play together. Yan Shu looked at the falling flowers in late spring and said casually: "I thought of a poem to write on the wall. I have been thinking about it for a year, but I still can't figure it out." The sentence was: There is no choice but the flowers fall. Wang Qi thought for a moment and said calmly: "Deja vu Yan is coming back." This couplet is not only appropriate and unique in terms of words, but also makes the two people's thoughts and feelings feel like old friends meeting again, and they feel like old friends at the first sight. How could this not make people extremely happy? Therefore, when Yan Shu heard this, he hurriedly praised it!
This is a legend, but of course it may not be credible.
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Appreciation 3
Listening to a piece of music composed with new words, and drinking a glass of fine wine, the weather is still the same as last year, and the buildings are still the same as last year. As before, leisure is not over yet, but the sunset in the western sky is about to fall, and I don’t know when it will come back?
There is nothing I can do, the flowers are gradually falling, as if the swallows I saw last year have flown back again. This scene makes me full of emotions, and I can’t bear to leave this scene like this, so I sit alone. , lingering for a long time on this flower-covered path in the garden.
About the author
Yan Shu (991-1055), also known as Tongshu. Linchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty, a famous poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty. He was able to write at the age of seven and was hailed as a child prodigy. At the age of fourteen, he went to Beijing to take the examination and was compared with more than a thousand Jinshi. He was highly appreciated by Zhenzong, and the emperor said: "The gods are not intimidated, support the pen to establish it", he was awarded the title of Jinshi, and he was ordered to be the secretary to save the correct characters. During the Zhenzong and Renzong dynasties, he successively served as the Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple, Shangshu Hubu Yuanwailang, Imperial Academy Scholar, Minister of the Ministry of Finance, Minister of the Privy Council, and Counselor of political affairs. In order to be good at virtuous people, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Kong Daofu, Ou Xiu, etc. all came out of his house. He was rich in creations throughout his life and was famous in the literary world for his poetry. He was especially good at Xiaoling. He had more than 130 "Zhu Yu Ci" with a subtle and elegant style. There are 240 volumes of poems and essays, and 100 volumes of poems and essays after Liang and Chen were compiled and edited, but they are all lost. His representative works include "Huanxi Sand", "Butterflies in Love with Flowers", "Treading on the Sand" and many other poems. Among them, "The flowers fell helplessly and the swallows returned as if they had known each other" in "Huanxi Sand" is an eternal famous line. His works are known for their elegance and splendor, as well as their expression of leisure and ease. Wang Zhuo praised: "Yan Yuan Xiangong's long and short sentences are romantic and imbued, which is unmatched for a while, and their beauty and cleanliness are unparalleled." This shows how much he contributed to the creation of long and short sentences in the Song Dynasty. His poems are in "Xikun style", and his lyrics mostly use Xiaoling, which mostly expresses poetry, wine, life and leisurely style. His language is graceful and beautiful, and he is greatly influenced by Feng Yanji of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Now there are only more than 130 "Zhu Yu Ci" and "Yan Yuan Xian's Posthumous Papers" compiled in the Qing Dynasty.
A brief analysis of the work
The nostalgia for beautiful things and the regret for their gradual disappearance are the author’s creative thoughts, which reveal the author’s faint melancholy and sadness, which are both subtle and Philosophical. We know that Yan Shu's official career was very smooth throughout his life, and his character was also relatively wise. Not only did he lead some famous students, he was also known for his political integrity. His life can be said to be full of interest and vitality, so he is somewhat satisfied with his career.
What we see in this work is that he is expressing his leisurely and leisurely heart. Of course, this heart is not exhausted yet. The sun has set, and the sky will end even if it comes, so he sighs.
Que opens with the beauty of music. First, immerse yourself in the beautiful melody, and then drink a glass of wine. What a free and leisurely moment it is. At the time of writing, Shi Shuo was an official to a prime minister. It can be seen that this image is a true portrayal of him at that time. It is naturally comfortable to pair it with fine wine and beautiful music. He rarely writes about beauties in his poems, which is very different from Zhang Xian's, which shows that he is upright in his conduct. The first two sentences are realistic. The simple and fluent names cover music, wine, and the Tianhe pavilion at that time. These fourteen characters create a picturesque scene, including scenery, dynamic music and music. It can be seen that The author's extraordinary writing skills. Such sentences are much more vivid than those that purely describe the scenery. The last sentence, "When will you return after sunset?" is a turning question, which suddenly turns from leisurely elegance to emotion. Here we can't help but think about it. There are many famous sentences similar to "When will the sunset return to the west?" in ancient literary works, such as "When will the sunset return?", "When will the green poplar grass rest?" etc., etc. Asking a word that emphasizes the exclamation is deeper than a direct exclamation. Here the author uses the sunset scene to reflect and question his own life. That beautiful life is slowly passing away, and I don’t know when I will come back. I have the feeling of “How long will it take to sing while drinking wine?” (Cao Cao). This is a rational emotion, not an idealistic and tasteless emotion. From this, you can see that the author's emotion is not that sad, and there is still room for it. The last sentence in Que is the beginning of Que.
Xiaque is the extension and progression of sense, and the level is deepened. Using "flower" and "swallow", two common creatures in the sky, to reflect the psychology is not only true and believable, but also able to express feelings. "There is nothing you can do but the flowers will fall" is a rational view. When the flowers fall, they fall. What can you do? Nothing can stop the changes in nature and the decline of life. Although "helpless" reflects the author's helplessness, the strong feeling is also integrated into this word. Fortunately, the flowers fell and the swallows came. This natural phenomenon, which has no meaning in life, is full of profound philosophy under the author's ingenious arrangement. In fact, society is like this. When you go, something else comes. It’s just that the former disappears and the latter comes again. The former disappears and the latter comes. This is a law that remains unchanged forever. Since the author can understand such natural laws, there are naturally no extremely negative psychological factors in his works. Faced with such a scene, he did not cry or feel sad. He just wandered alone on the fragrant path in the small garden for a long time. This shows how broad and open-minded the author's heart is. I personally think that Yan Shu's mentality is extremely peaceful, extremely rational, and slightly materialistic, which is rare in that era of idealism. In such a declining state, he was just contemplative, rather than pretending to be delicate and innocent.
The six sentences are concise in wording, exquisite in conception, and contain philosophical thoughts. "The flowers are similar every year, but different every year." This kind of reincarnation is inevitable, and no one can escape from this natural law. Regardless of officials or common people, they always need to be constantly updated with the passage of time. "The flowers fell helplessly, and the swallows returned as if they had known each other before." is the highlight of the poem, which has been passed down through the ages, and it still shines with literary brilliance to this day. This is the author's impression. It is as natural as the sky without any trace of carving. The two typical scenery differences in the sky here have not only aesthetic value, but also literary value. They are dual and connected, with harmonious phonology and vivid pictures. It has a sincere feeling and artistic beauty, which is "extremely refined as if it were not refined at all".