Because of the specific characteristics of ancient poetry: refined and harmonious language, deep and rich emotions, many students have difficulty starting when faced with ancient poetry reading questions. They only stay at the superficial image level of poetry, and find it difficult to further explore the poetry. The deep meaning cannot capture the author's thoughts and feelings expressed in the poem. In response to this problem, the author combines many years of teaching practice and believes that when reading ancient poems, students should be guided to grasp four links, namely, knowing people and discussing the world, reading and comprehending, criticizing and appreciating, and exploring and experiencing. Let students master reading methods and skills, feel the artistic image of poetry, and understand the thoughts and feelings of poetry through repeated recitation and in-depth understanding.
1. Knowing people and commenting on the world
Knowing people and commenting on the world was first proposed by Mencius. He believed that in order to understand a work, one must have an understanding of the author and the era in which the author lived. This is Only by making friends with the ancients can we understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poets. In this regard, most poetry commentators in later generations highly praised it.
To know people is to understand the author and the relationship between the author and the work. The poet's life, experience, circumstances, etc. will be reflected in the poem, forming the poet's unique creative style and personality, and determining the special theme of the poem. For example, Tao Yuanming's refined and pastoral complex, Li Bai's grandeur and boldness, Wang Wei's interest in life, and Li Qingzhao's leisure and sorrow.
To discuss the world is to understand the environment of the times in which the author lives. The poet's own experience and situation are inseparable from the social and political background. To understand under what circumstances he wrote and what he wrote about, that is, to examine the poem in conjunction with the historical background in which it was written. As a typical literary style, poetry's ideological content cannot but be marked by the times. For example, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent wars in the Northern Dynasties. In addition, the northern minorities had rough and fierce personalities, which often showed their martial spirit in their poems. The society in the Southern Dynasties was relatively stable, so the Southern Dynasties poems mostly wrote about the lovesickness of men and women. In the Tang Dynasty, the society was stable, the economy and culture were highly prosperous, and the themes of poetry were naturally rich and colorful, including those that hoped to establish military achievements, those that reflected life in frontier fortresses, those that depicted landscapes and pastoral areas, etc., etc., which reached the pinnacle of ancient Chinese poetry creation. The poetry of the Northern Song Dynasty emphasized righteousness, the poetry of the Southern Song Dynasty emphasized patriotism, and the poetry of the Ming Dynasty emphasized loyalty. Appreciation of classical poetry generally requires contact with its writing background in order to grasp the theme accurately rather than far-fetchedly.
2. Insights from reading
One-third of poems, seven-cents of reading. Read three hundred Tang poems by heart, and you can recite them even if you don’t know how to write them. Read the book a hundred times, and its meaning will appear by itself. , it can be seen that reciting can play a resurrecting role in reading ancient poems. The reception aesthetics of German scholars Koes and Iser believe that if the work itself is not understood through reading, it will have no meaning, and it will always become a lifeless, dead language material. This can only be achieved by relying on the reader to actively explore during the reading process. The occurrence of textual meaning. Some people say: Reading aloud is like giving life to a work and makes people feel it. Yes, in order to have a deep understanding of the works and enter a poetic and artistic realm, you must strengthen your reading aloud.
Classical poetry is a treasure in the treasure house of Chinese literature. It has high aesthetic value and strong artistic appeal. It has beautiful words and sentences, harmonious rhyme and strong rhythm, and is especially suitable for recitation. Reciting ancient poems is crucial to deeply understanding the works, entering a poetic and artistic realm, cultivating sentiments, cultivating aesthetic abilities, and improving cultural literacy. For example, the emotional natural landscape, the empty and desolate environment in "The Road to Shu is Difficult", and the author's bold and unique imagination can only be understood slowly through repeated reading. In "Ascending", you can see the majestic scenery from a high place, the beauty of sonorous and harmonious sounds, and the thoughts and feelings of feeling sad about the times and worrying about the country and the people. You can read and chew on it, cover it up and think deeply, and sigh with endless regret.
First, read it well and become recited. Read more, read aloud, recite slowly, or recite without asking for a deeper understanding. You can perceive the whole while reading, gain some insights while reading, cultivate your sense of language while reading, and be influenced by emotions while reading. Read more, read over and over again, and understand the rhythm and accent of the poem. Through multiple readings, on the basis of understanding the poetic meaning, you can read and recite it thoroughly, accumulate it, and gradually develop the ability of overall perception.
The second is contact expansion. That is, a certain ancient poem that you have learned is connected with other ancient poems that have similar themes, content, and expression techniques and are recited to form a knowledge block. For example, learn from He Zhizhang's "Ode to the Willow": The jasper is made up into a tree as high as a tree, with thousands of green silk ribbons hanging down. I don’t know who cuts out the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors. You can read other famous poems about willows at the same time, such as "Willow" by Du Mu: Several trees are newly blooming and their green shadows are all together, leaning against the wind and being fascinated by the spring. I hate my hometown Fanchuan, half covering the village bridge and half covering the stream. Luo Yin's "Willow": Ba Anqing comes to say goodbye frequently, cuddling together for the longest time. The flying catkins in my own house are still uncertain, and I am stumbling over the hanging threads to trip up passers-by. Yang Wanli's "New Willow": The willow branches are brushing against the silver pond for hundreds of feet, and they are not dark green, only light yellow. It may not be that the willow branch can be dipped in water, but the willow shadow in the water will lead it to grow. Connecting these poems with the same theme can not only expand your knowledge, but also improve your ability to comprehend through comparative reading.
The third is to imagine entry. The process of reading should be regarded as the process of appreciating masterpieces. While reading, imagine the pictures and integrate yourself into the artistic conception of the poems. For example, in the poem "Jin Se", the hazy artistic conception of the first couplet, the sad and sorrowful emotion of the chin couplet, the fresh and bright picture of the neck couplet, and the rich connotation of the last couplet lack the participation of imagination, making it difficult to understand it comprehensively and deeply. of.