1 Fei Mingqu/Wang Anshi
When Princess Ming first left the Han Palace, her eyes were moist.
There's nothing Wang can do about it.
When you come back, you will complain about Dan Qing's hand. I've seen it in my life.
I couldn't understand the meaning, so I killed Mao Yanshou for nothing.
Go and know it, don't return, pity the Han palace clothes;
Send a voice to ask Sanan, only geese fly every year.
Wan Li, a family member, sent a message. Fortunately, Mo Xiang remembered being in the felt city.
Don't you see that Nagato and Gillian are very close? There is no difference between north and south in life.
Fei Mingqu (Ⅱ)
Wang Anshi
Ming Fei first married Hu Er, and all the felt cars were Hu Ji.
Erotic language has no place to live, and it spreads to pipa.
The golden pole stirred his hand and tried to persuade Hu to drink.
The maid-in-waiting in the Han palace wept, and the pedestrians on the sand looked back.
Hann is shallow and deep, and he has known each other all his life.
Poor Qingling is gone, and still has the strings of mourning music.
Wang Anshi's Fei Ming Qu is the best poem to praise Zhao Jun, but it has a new idea. The first half of this poem only describes the beauty of Zhaojun, but not from the image, but from the story. When Zhao Jun came out, his temples were wet with tears, and he was "colorless" by himself. But when Yuan Di saw him, he couldn't help it. It turns out that the beauty of Zhaojun is not in appearance, but in spirit, that is, "attitude". Moreover, the painter is a painter who paints meat but not bones, so "the Italian origin can't be painted, and Mao Yanshou was killed in vain"; These two sentences have become eternal songs.
In the second half, Zhao Jun was still worried about the motherland in Mongolia, but "it's good for the Wan Li family to pass on the news and feel the memory of each other". In other words, comfort comes from the family, not the court. What about the court? "Don't you see that Nagato and Gillian are very close, and there is no north and south in life." This is the theme of this poem. Playing with and abandoning women, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign emperors are no exception. "North and South" refers to China and foreign countries.
In this way, Wang Anshi raised a question about the social system, although he didn't answer. This meaning is much higher than the argument that marriage is not; Bai Juyi's "When will the gold be redeemed?" is simply outrageous. It was actually verified that Cai Wenji was captured and could be redeemed; Wang Zhaojun is an official and cannot be redeemed; What a pedant. However, someone wrote an anonymous poem "Princess Against the Ming Dynasty", saying that "there was no money to draw pictures in the past, but now gold is used to redeem the world", which is quite ironic. This man is talking about Cai Shangxiang of the Qing Dynasty.
Guo Moruo said in an article that Wang Anshi had difficulty in poetry. This refers to Wang Anshi's Fei Ming Qu, which is not recorded in this anthology. I don't know why. In his poem, he said, "When Princess Ming first married Hu Er, all felt cars were Hu Ji. Erotic language has no place, and the heart of pipa knows it well. Jin guarded the hand, trying to persuade Hu to drink. The maid-in-waiting in the Han palace wept, and the pedestrians on the sand looked back. Hann's self-knowledge is superficial, and his life is full of mutual understanding. Poor Qinghai-Tibet has disappeared, and there are still mourning strings left. "
The so-called poetic disaster, of course, refers to "Hann's self-ignorance, self-deepening, and happy life knowing each other". As soon as this language came out, the discussion was fierce. Or "today's worship of my father is in line with Wang Anshi's intention to be a thief"; Or "If I don't know each other, can I betray my husband and my wife abandon her husband?" Wang Anshi's defenders have to say that the "grace" of "Hann's self-ignorance and self-depth" refers to the relationship between men and women, and has nothing to do with the meaning of the monarch and the minister. I think what Wang Anshi is talking about here is the relationship between men and women. But it is not a general relationship between men and women, but from a higher perspective, that is, from a social perspective. It can also be said that this language is an answer to the question raised in the last song, that is, the combination of men and women should be based on "knowing each other's hearts." This idea is very modern and smacks of budding capitalism. However, the relationship between men and women should also be viewed from a political perspective. For example, our great criticism is like this, and the situation is different.
Also, the ending of Wang Anshi's poem is wrong. I once visited the tomb of the Ming Princess, but the mourning of the Ming Princess did not "stay today" (last words).
The poem Bo Qinhuai written by Du Mu seems to criticize the singer, but in fact it is influenced by the decline of state affairs and the decline of the world in the late Tang Dynasty, criticizing those rulers who are addicted to singing and dancing and "don't know" that the country will die. The word "still singing" is meaningful, which skillfully links history, reality and imagined future, and shows the poet's concern and anxiety about the fate of the country. This poem was written by what the poet saw, heard and felt. The language is fresh and natural, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. The whole collection of poems consists of scenery, events, feelings and meanings in one furnace, and the scenery is set for the feelings, and the feelings follow the scenery. Chen Houzhu's debauchery and subjugation satirized the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty, and implicitly expressed the poet's deep thinking on history and deep concern for reality. This poem has profound feelings and profound implications, and is regarded as a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. In particular, the poem says that Jinling singers "don't know how to hate the country" and sing the song "backyard flowers". In fact, this is the author's history of using Chen Houzhu to pursue debauchery and enjoyment, which satirizes the late Tang rulers' failure to learn lessons and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
Du Mu (803 ~ 852), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Mu Zhi in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Born in a famous family, his grandfather Du You was a famous prime minister and historian in the middle Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Wen Zongda and Emperor Jin Shi, he was the secretariat of Huang, Chi, Mu, Hu and other states, and also served as Si Xun, Yuan Wailang, and a Chinese sage in Korea.
In his early years, Du Mu was somewhat conceited about his ability to help the world through the country. Enthusiastic, good at talking about military affairs. Stand tall, dare to discuss major issues and point out the disadvantages of the past. Politically, he is a progressive with insight and courage. However, he was not proud of his career all his life and never realized his ambition.
His poems, poems and ancient prose are all famous, with poetry as the highest achievement, and he was called "Xiao Du" by later generations to distinguish him from Du Fu. He is as famous as Li Shangyin and is called "Little Du Li". In art, Du Mu claimed to pursue "sublimity", not learning "strangeness" and being dissatisfied with "vulgarity". The so-called "non-modern and non-ancient" just wants to make his own appearance beyond the superficial poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty, but his style is not as strange as Li He, nor as simple as Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, and it is also different from Li Shangyin. Author of Fan Chuan's collected works.
1. Selected from Fan Chuan's Poems. Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, originating in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and joins the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.
2. cage: shrouded. This sentence was written in an intertextual way: smoke and the moon cover water and sand.
3. Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or on a boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" said: "Businesswomen make a living by singing. Singing "Flowers in the Back Garden" is just a song, but I didn't know that Chen Houzhu would hold a grudge against the country for it. Listening across the river, Du feels infinite ups and downs, pretending to write poetry? Chen Yinque's "Bai Yuan Poetry" said: "The so-called river-crossing people in Mu Zhi's poems refer to Jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl will soon be a singer in Yangzhou, but she is on the ship of Qinhuai merchants. Jinling is also the capital of Chen Zhiguo. Yushu backyard flower, the voice of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation. This singer from Yangzhou in Jiangbei, unable to understand the hatred of Chen's death, still sings decadent songs in his hometown of Jiangnan. Mu Zhi heard his singing, because poetry has a singing ear. "Modern Gordon pai' ea chung-hoon:" A businesswoman should be interpreted as a businesswoman "(Understanding and Misunderstanding of China's Classical Poetry, No.2 Literary Heritage, 1998). One speaker is a businesswoman, such as the businesswoman in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip. You can say both. "backyard flower": the music "yushu backyard flower". There are several people who write lyrics with this song, among which Chen, a native of the Southern Dynasties, is the most famous. Because Chen Houzhu was the king of national subjugation, later generations regarded his favorite songs and words in the back garden of Yushu as synonymous with the voice of national subjugation. For example, Du Yan was quoted in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: "The rise and fall of the previous generation were all due to joy. Chen will also die, for "yushu backyard flower"; Qi will die, too, because he is "with Song". You will cry when you hear it on the road, and the so-called voice of national subjugation is also heard. "Xu Hun's poem" Jinling Nostalgia "said:" Yushu is dead, and Jingyang soldiers are guarding the building. "
Edit the translation of this paragraph.
Like smoke, hazy water vapor enveloped the Qinhuai River, and moonlight reflected the sand banks along the river.
Park the boat on the shore and lean against the restaurant on a quiet night.
GeNv doesn't know the legacy of national subjugation. In the hotel on the other side of Qinhuai River, she is still singing the flower of national subjugation in the back garden of Yushu.
Appreciation of editing this poem
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the river, which was a place for rich nobles and bureaucrats to have fun and feast at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that it is rare to write a poem (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this writing method now are: firstly, it creates a very distinctive environmental atmosphere, which gives people a strong attraction and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "a cage of cold water and moon sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Night Sleeping by Qinhuai"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
Historical background
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs. How can this not make the poet worry that history will repeat itself? The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businesswomans don't know the hate of national subjugation, but they still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
"backyard flower" refers to yushu backyard flower once written by Chen Houzhu.
Zhang Lihua, the imperial concubine of Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, was born as a geisha. Her hair is seven feet long and can be seen by others. Chen Houzhu fell in love with her at first sight. It is said that she often puts it on her lap to discuss state affairs. At that time, Yang Jian was accumulating troops and was bent on winning the world, but Chen Houzhu was able to shrug off it and lived a dissolute life all day. Chen Houzhu built three pavilions, namely "Lin Chun", "Qi Jie" and "Wang Xian" in front of the lighting hall, pretending to be Lin Chunting, Zhang Lihua lived in Qijie Pavilion, and Kong's two concubines lived in Wang Xianting, drinking and writing poems all day. This poem is nostalgic. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties, and it was prosperous for a while. Witness the national situation in the Tang Dynasty today.
Decline, those in power are fatuous and dissolute, and it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties and feel infinite sorrow. The first sentence is to write the scenery, first try to render the water's edge.
The night is elegant; Two narratives, pointing out the location of parking at night; Three or four affectionate words led to girls in business from "near the restaurant"
In Song Dynasty, there were many geisha in restaurants, which were free and easy. From decadent songs, "I don't know how to hate death" leads to attacking the rights of gentry.
You are addicted to debauchery, subtle and deep; The tune of "backyard flower" was introduced by "Chou He who perished", and Chen Houzhu's body was used as a whip.
The debauchery of powerful people is profound and sharp.
Edit the supplementary content of this paragraph
Chen Houzhu once wrote a poem "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu": the forest is on the shelf, and the new clothes are gorgeous and beautiful; Yinghu couldn't get in at first, so he greeted with a smile. Demon Ji's face is like a flower with dew, and Yushu Creek shines in the backyard; Flowers bloom and fall in a short time, and the ground is silent! This poem is regarded as the voice of national subjugation and an ominous sign.
Bo Qinhuai teaching plan
Decline, those in power are fatuous and dissolute, and it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties and feel infinite sorrow. The first sentence is to write the scenery, first try to render the water's edge.
The night is elegant; Two narratives, pointing out the location of parking at night; Three or four affectionate words led to girls in business from "near the restaurant"
In Song Dynasty, there were many geisha in restaurants, which were free and easy. From decadent songs, "I don't know how to hate death" leads to attacking the rights of gentry.
You are addicted to debauchery, subtle and deep; The tune of "backyard flower" was introduced by "Chou He who perished", and Chen Houzhu's body was used as a whip.
The debauchery of powerful people is profound and sharp.
Edit the supplementary content of this paragraph
Chen Houzhu once wrote a poem "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu": the forest is on the shelf, and the new clothes are gorgeous and beautiful; Yinghu couldn't get in at first, so he greeted with a smile. Demon Ji's face is like a flower with dew, and Yushu Creek shines in the backyard; Flowers bloom and fall in a short time, and the ground is silent! This poem is regarded as the voice of national subjugation and an ominous sign.
Bo Qinhuai teaching plan
"Bo Qinhuai" [teaching goal] 1, read aloud and recite this poem emotionally. 2. Understand the literal meaning of poetry, and understand the feelings between the lines. 3. Savor the familiar ancient famous sentences. [Key and Difficult Points] 1. Key points: recite poems from memory. 2. Difficulties: Understanding the artistic conception of poetry. [Teaching Hours] One Teaching Time [Teaching Process] Please listen to the teacher read a poem "There are people in the depths of white clouds" before class. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. "Who wrote this poem? (Du Xing) 1. Introduce the author and writing background; Which dynasty was Du a poet? (Tang Dynasty) Who were the famous poets in the Tang Dynasty? Who are the two most famous poets? (Li Bai and Du Fu) ...
Edit the writing background of this paragraph.
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to Qinhuai River, which was still a prosperous river at that time, he was deeply moved and wrote this poem when he heard the singer singing "backyard flowers". The poem says that Jinling singers "don't know how to hate the country" and sing the song "backyard flowers". In fact, this is the history that the author (Chen) finally perished because of his pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, which satirizes that the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty did not learn lessons and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
Edit the description of this ancient poem
Du Muyou, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, visited Qinhuai and heard the singer sing "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" in the classroom, which was beautiful and swaying. Men and women sing in pairs, and their songs are sad, which is the voice of national subjugation. At that time, Chen Houzhu indulged in this lazy life for a long time, took national politics as a child's play, and finally lost his land. Although the Chen Dynasty died, this decadent music was handed down and sung among Qinhuai singers, which made Du Mu very emotional. His poem said: These ignorant singers don't even understand the hatred of national subjugation, and they still sing this voice of national subjugation! Actually, this is an excuse. What he mocked was actually the politics of the late Tang Dynasty: ministers once again indulged in debauchery and soon followed in Chen Houzhu's footsteps. The corner of Qinhuai has such a profound sense of rise and fall, which shows that Jinling still has great influence when the national political center has moved to Chang 'an. Du Mu also wrote a poem "Jiangnan Spring", which is about the spring scenery of Jinling, and the tone is much more cheerful: "Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags. Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy. " After reading these 28 words, you can see the spring scenery of Jinling in the Tang Dynasty when you close your eyes: orioles are covered with red flowers and green willows, and wine flags are floating in the mountains of Shuicun. The scenery is very moving. There are many temples whose platforms shine in the misty rain. These temples are the religious and artistic wealth left by the Southern Dynasties to Jinling.
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
As far as the content and theme of Du Mu's poems are concerned, they can be roughly divided into the following categories: The first category is caring about the world and loving the country and the people. Such as drinking alone in the county, river locusts, early geese, thirty-two rhymes of the son of heaven, sentimental poems. The second category, poetry that comments on history and satirizes the present through the ancient. For example, Guo Qin Zhenglou, Guo Huaqing Palace, Red Cliff, Tiwujiang Pavilion, Shangshan Temple, Chunshenjun, etc. The third category, poems about women. Such as Peach Blossom Temple, Moon, Jinguyuan, Imperial Secretary, Du Qiuniang's Poems and Zhang's Poems. The fourth category is the reward for expressing your feelings. Send a message to Han Chuo, the Yangzhou magistrate. His main works include Farewell, Bo Qinhuai, Autumn Night, Crossing Huaqing Palace, Lodging, Hiking, I Climbed Leyou Tomb to Xing Wu, Red Cliff, Letter to Yangzhou Magistrate Han Chuo, Farewell to Two Songs, Jinguyuan, etc.
Notes on this poem
1. Selected from Fan Chuan's Poems. Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, originating in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and joins the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.
2. cage: shrouded. This sentence was written in an intertextual way: smoke and the moon cover water and sand.
3. Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or on a boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" said: "Businesswomen make a living by singing. Singing "Flowers in the Back Garden" is just a song, but I didn't know that Chen Houzhu would hold a grudge against the country for it. Listening across the river, Du feels infinite ups and downs, pretending to write poetry? , Chen Yinque's "Bai Yuan Poetry" said: "The so-called people crossing the river in Mu Zhi's poems refer to Jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl will soon be a singer in Yangzhou, but she is on the ship of Qinhuai merchants. Jinling is also the capital of Chen Zhiguo. Yushu backyard flower, the voice of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation. This singer from Yangzhou in Jiangbei, unable to understand the hatred of Chen's death, still sings decadent songs in his hometown of Jiangnan. Mu Zhi heard his singing, because poetry has a singing ear. "Modern Gordon pai' ea chung-hoon:" A businesswoman should be interpreted as a businesswoman "(Understanding and Misunderstanding of China's Classical Poetry, No.2 Literary Heritage, 1998). One speaker is a businesswoman, such as the businesswoman in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip. You can say both. "backyard flower": the music "yushu backyard flower". There are several people who write lyrics with this song, among which Chen, a native of the Southern Dynasties, is the most famous. Because Chen Houzhu was the king of national subjugation, later generations regarded his favorite songs and words in the back garden of Yushu as synonymous with the voice of national subjugation. For example, Du Yan was quoted in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: "The rise and fall of the previous generation were all due to joy. Chen will also die, for "yushu backyard flower"; Qi will die, too, because he is "with Song". You will cry when you hear it on the road, and the so-called voice of national subjugation is also heard. "Xu Hun's poem" Jinling Nostalgia "said:" Yushu is dead, and Jingyang soldiers are guarding the building. "
Translation of this paragraph
Like smoke, hazy water vapor enveloped the Qinhuai River, and moonlight reflected the sand banks along the river.
Park the boat on the shore and lean against the restaurant on a quiet night.
GeNv doesn't know the legacy of national subjugation. In the hotel on the other side of Qinhuai River, she is still singing the flower of national subjugation in the back garden of Yushu.
Appreciation of editing this poem
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the river, which was a place for rich nobles and bureaucrats to have fun and feast at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that it is rare to write a poem (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this writing method now are: firstly, it creates a very distinctive environmental atmosphere, which gives people a strong attraction and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "a cage of cold water and moon sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Sleeping at Qinhuai Edge"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
Historical background
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs. How can this not make the poet worry that history will repeat itself? The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businesswomans don't know the hate of national subjugation, but they still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
"backyard flower" refers to yushu backyard flower once written by Chen Houzhu.
Zhang Lihua, the imperial concubine of Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, was born as a geisha. Her hair is seven feet long and can be seen by others. Chen Houzhu fell in love with her at first sight. It is said that she often puts it on her lap to discuss state affairs. At that time, Yang Jian was accumulating troops and was bent on winning the world, but Chen Houzhu was able to shrug off it and lived a dissolute life all day. Chen Houzhu built three pavilions, namely "Lin Chun", "Qi Jie" and "Wang Xian" in front of the lighting hall, pretending to be Lin Chunting, Zhang Lihua lived in Qijie Pavilion, and Kong's two concubines lived in Wang Xianting, drinking and writing poems all day. This poem is nostalgic. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties, and it was prosperous for a while. Witness the national situation in the Tang Dynasty today.
Decline, those in power are fatuous and dissolute, and it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties and feel infinite sorrow. The first sentence is to write the scenery, first try to render the water's edge.
The night is elegant; Two narratives, pointing out the location of parking at night; Three or four affectionate words led to girls in business from "near the restaurant"
In Song Dynasty, there were many geisha in restaurants, which were free and easy. From decadent songs, "I don't know how to hate death" leads to attacking the rights of gentry.
You are addicted to debauchery, subtle and deep; The tune of "backyard flower" was introduced by "Chou He who perished", and Chen Houzhu's body was used as a whip.
The debauchery of powerful people is profound and sharp.
Edit the supplementary content of this paragraph
Chen Houzhu once wrote a poem "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu": the forest is on the shelf, and the new clothes are gorgeous and beautiful; Yinghu couldn't get in at first, so he greeted with a smile. Demon Ji's face is like a flower with dew, and Yushu Creek shines in the backyard; Flowers bloom and fall in a short time, and the ground is silent! This poem is regarded as the voice of national subjugation and an ominous sign.
Bo Qinhuai teaching plan
"Bo Qinhuai" [teaching goal] 1, read aloud and recite this poem emotionally. 2. Understand the literal meaning of poetry, and understand the feelings between the lines. 3. Savor the familiar ancient famous sentences. [Key and Difficult Points] 1. Key points: recite poems from memory. 2. Difficulties: Understanding the artistic conception of poetry. [Teaching Hours] One Teaching Time [Teaching Process] Please listen to the teacher read a poem "There are people in the depths of white clouds" before class. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. "Who wrote this poem? (Du Xing) 1. Introduce the author and writing background; Which dynasty was Du a poet? (Tang Dynasty) Who were the famous poets in the Tang Dynasty? Who are the two most famous poets? (Li Bai and Du Fu) ...
Edit the writing background of this paragraph.
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to Qinhuai River, which was still a prosperous river at that time, he was deeply moved and wrote this poem when he heard the singer singing "backyard flowers". The poem says that Jinling singers "don't know how to hate the country" and sing the song "backyard flowers". In fact, this is the history that the author (Chen) finally perished because of his pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, which satirizes that the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty did not learn lessons and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
Edit the description of this ancient poem
This famous saying
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.