Li Shangyin's Poetry: How to Understand Ambiguity and Why Is It a Song?

Li Shangyin was an outstanding poet with important achievements in the late Tang Dynasty. He is as famous as Du Mu and is known as "Little Du Li". Li Shangyin, a beginner in classical Chinese, was appreciated by the Niu Dang Ling Huchu and entered his shogunate to learn parallel prose. Open two years (837), with the help of Hu Ling. The following year, our ambassador to Jingyuan, Wang Maoyuan, a member of the Li Party, was appointed as the shogunate general, and Qi took him as his wife. Therefore, he was pushed out by the Niu Party and moved to the shogunate of each buffer region, and he was frustrated all his life. There are about 600 poems by Li Shangyin. The source of his poems can be traced back to Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu, and then to Li and Du in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He inherited the aestheticism style initiated by Li He in the middle Tang Dynasty, and reached a new peak in lyric art of Tang poetry with exquisite conception, implicit rhyme and gorgeous rhetoric, representing the highest achievement in the late Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin is a troubled poet in his career and life. Therefore, his poems are extensive in content and profound in meaning, especially his love poems, which have reached a high artistic level. Li Shangyin can be said to be the first poet specializing in the creation of love poems in the history of China literature, which has had a far-reaching influence on contemporary writers, Wei Zhuang, poets and graceful poets. Many of his beautiful sentences describing love, such as "silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night." Although my body doesn't have bright wings like a phoenix, I can feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it. Wait a minute. Become an eternal swan song to express sincere feelings. Moreover, due to the implicit and polysemous characteristics of these poems, they go far beyond the jurisdiction of love and become the wise sayings to understand life.

His love poems are mainly characterized by expressing inner feelings and exaggerating the atmosphere. His poems are full of images and jumps, and he likes to use symbols, hints and metonymy. Li Shangyin can't extricate himself from the whirlpool of "Niu Li" party struggle. Although he has been exploring and pursuing all his life, his future is still bleak, which makes his character always depressed. He feels that the world is wandering in his heart, rolling on the opposite side and hiding something; What he wants to say is euphemistic, tortuous and obscure. This is reflected in his love poems, that is, he likes to express his hazy feelings with a symbolic hazy realm. Li Shangyin deliberately pursues the misty artistic conception as a beautiful poetic realm, and his misty feelings are really suitable to be expressed in this artistic conception. It can be said that the hazy artistic conception is the artistic personality of Li Shangyin's love poems, which is vague, like flowers in the fog and the moon in the water, looming, giving people a unique aesthetic feeling of nothingness.

It is rare in the history of China literature to take the expression of hazy aesthetic feeling as his own creative pursuit. Because of this, for thousands of years, poets have always had different views and controversies about Li Shangyin's love poems, such as "affectionate", "obscure", "affectionate entrust, elegant wording". Some people denounced it as "fantastic materials and unique bones"; Some people appreciate his love poems "full of emotion, regardless of language skills, but insufficient meaning", and also regard his poems as the magical realm of "endless aftertaste and endless deliberation"; Some people also feel that "I hate no one when writing about Jian Zheng" and "a person who is difficult to understand". We can't agree with these widely different evaluations, and we can't blindly oppose them. Instead, we should analyze the aesthetic form of hazy beauty in detail, distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of this aesthetic form, and then draw our own conclusions.

Therefore, judging from the aesthetic effect brought by the aesthetic form of hazy beauty, we have every reason to say that the hazy beauty in Li Shangyin's love poems is the aesthetic interest at a higher level, which is exactly his artistic creation of genius. We also have every reason to say that this hazy beauty is the artistic life of Li Shangyin's love poems.

The hazy beauty of Li Shangyin's love poems is manifested in many aspects, but generally speaking, there are three main characteristics: one is the hazy image, the other is the hazy artistic conception, and the third is the hazy intention.

Inlaid harp

I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.

Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.

Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.

A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.

This poem has always had different annotations. Some people think that this is a mourning work, some people think that this is a patriotic work or a literary theory, and some people think that this is a beautiful woman named Jinse who misses him. But I think this is the greatest mourning for the dead.

Some people think that the first two sentences take 50% off the stringed instrument as 25, suggesting that the deceased woman is 25 years old. This is a bit far-fetched However, it is true that the first couplet mourns the early death.

Taking Zhuangzi's dead wife as a drum basin, Zhuan Xu wept blood, indirectly describing the joys and sorrows of life.

The allusion of the necklace couplet with shark tears and jade smoke vaguely depicts the coldness of the world, which is beyond our reach.

Finally, I wrote about my casual love before my death, and recalled my melancholy and unforgettable feelings after my death.