Fishing in Putan, Dan and Fuchunguo in the evening.
The mountains and clouds are fixed, and the red pavilion is not flooded.
If you go upstream, you will be surprised and anxious, and you will be prevented from making mistakes.
Bright and faint, better than Lvliang Valley.
It is convenient to learn at the right time and expensive to stop.
In the quiet period of my life, I was weak.
After a long time, I will travel far and promise.
After writing for a long time, everything fell apart.
The arms are bright and spacious, and the foreign objects are nothing more than dragons and midges. There are two interesting and thought-provoking stories in Zhuangzi and Liezi. On the other hand, Lieyukou was a "faint mutant" and no one shot him. Liezi was so skillful that his hands were as flat as a rock that he could even put a glass of water on his elbow, but the arrow missed the target and left, and the glass of water landed on his elbow again. However, no one in Bocheng said that "it was a shot, not a shot." So he "climbed the mountain, walked on the dangerous stone, faced the abyss of a hundred miles, wandered around with his back on his back, and his feet were suspended." Liezi was startled and sweaty. No one said, "Those who are in the same sky will dive to the grave. Octupole swing, same gas. Now that you are afraid, you can see that you don't understand the truth of nature in your heart, which is not enough. " There is also a story that Confucius had a view of Lvliang, with a waterfall hanging for thirty miles and foaming at the mouth for thirty miles. Even catfish, small fish and catfish dare not cross it. However, there is a person playing in it. Confucius thought he was going to commit suicide and ordered his disciples to go to the shore to save him, but the man went ashore and swam to the bottom of the pond while singing. Confucius asked him, "Is there a proper way to swim?" The man replied, "Never mind. Because I grew up near the water, I can be satisfied with water. Just because I obey the way of water and don't see its existence, I can enter the water without knowing it. " These two stories have been used countless times by poets of past dynasties, but few people can use them as flexibly and appropriately as Xie Lingyun's poem Fuchun Bamboo.
Don't pass through Shining's former residence (see Passing Shining Villa). Lingyun goes from the southwest and enters Fuchun River in Fuyang County, Tonglu. Fuchun River has two characteristics, one is clear, and the other is steep. Liang's "Thinking Book with Song and Yuan Dynasties" once described its scenery: "The water is blue and blue, with thousands of feet at the bottom; Swimming fish and fine stones, looking straight; If fierce wave is in a hurry, the arrow will fly faster. The mountains on the shore are all cold trees, all vying for heights and peaks. " The characteristics of these two aspects are written. Landscape is a kind of natural thing. When it is used in poetry, it will inevitably contaminate the author's subjective tone. In Wu Jun's eyes, Fuchun landscape, which is both clear and dangerous, is a combination of freedom, competition, brilliance and vitality. The so-called "strange mountains and different waters, chinese odyssey". In Meng Haoran's works, "How wide the sky is, how close the trees are, how clear the water is and how close the moon is!" ("A Night on Jiande River", Jiande belongs to Fuchun) is to clear grievances; However, in the eyes of Xie Ke, who has just been thrown out by a sinister political storm, he is arrogant and full of anachronism, but it is another scene.
That night, the poet crossed Yutanpu, thirty miles east of Fuchun, and arrived outside Fuyang by boat in the morning. Ding Shan and Chiting Mountain, 60 or 70 miles away, are Fuchun scenic spots, but the poet didn't swim, just looked at the smoke on the peak and hurried away. From the four sentences, we can see the words "night economy", "Ji Dan" and "no flooding", which shows the beauty of Fuchun. At this time, it can't attract much interest from the poet who is interested in loneliness, but the clouds lingering on the distant mountains seem to symbolize his endless sadness. Suddenly, the current changed suddenly, went upstream, and the stormy waves hit the ship; The cliff bank is uneven, which hinders the trip everywhere. This scene is really thrilling. The poet himself doesn't know how to float through this dangerous period, and he can't help but feel grateful: although he didn't have the determination to walk in danger like Lvliang people, he survived this difficulty as dangerously as people. When the shock stopped, he realized a wisdom. Yi Xi Gua: "Water flows to Xikan", and Gen Gua also says that "a gentleman thinks but doesn't get out of his position" and "stop it." It means that although there are serious risks hanging over, water will follow, because water is used to the ridge. It is a symbol of the meaning of stopping, so a gentleman should think about it, do what he should do, stop where he should do, and don't exceed his standards. The image of "one" reveals the inner meaning of the dangerous action just experienced. If you can really be as energetic as Boyou and Lvliang's husband, blend in with nature, completely forget the differences between things and me, interests and dangers, and follow the principles of nature to make your actions conform to them, then you can reach a situation where you can take risks for many years. By extension, life is like a boat, and we should conform to the principles of nature. There is no need to be so bitter about the recent official career turmoil and complain about others. My lifelong ambition is to live in seclusion and stay healthy. Before the second era, I came out of the mountain because of my weak will, and I have been stuck in secular things ever since. I have wanted to be an official for a long time, and today I finally have the opportunity to fulfill my promise to my friends and travel without worry. Thinking of this, the poet felt that his long-cherished wish, which had been dormant for a long time and was blinded by the world, gradually stretched out and sprouted, and everything in front of him was scattered like dead leaves and rotten branches. Missed this point, the poet felt open-minded and cheerful, just like Zhuangzi said that the immortal was empty and heartless, forgot his own existence and let nature take its course. From now on, we just need to be kind to the snakes in the world, just like the dormant snakes and the inchworm.
After Fuchun Bamboo, Xie Ke didn't really reach the superhuman realm mentioned in the poem. Even when he was floating on the river, I'm afraid he never really got a psychological balance. What is said in the poem is at best an improvisation, an emotional catharsis, which is obtained from the observation of thoughts, which is not difficult to see in other poems. But as far as the feeling of writing poetry is concerned, he did achieve the harmony of the situation.
The whole poem is divided into three levels. The first six sentences describe the scenery; The last eight sentences below "life" are a review and understanding of one's own life path. The two are not related, but the middle four sentences are connected by four allusions. These four codes, especially the Zhuang and Lie codes in front, are skillfully used. The ship runs between Fuchun mountains and rivers, while Bochang's canon is mountains and Lvliang's canon is water, which makes Lenovo very natural, and the use of Zhuang and Lie is even more ingenious. There are many classics of mountains and water, and we don't need anything else, but we prefer these two, because both of them are deeply dangerous in image and imply the idea of walking in danger. This thought is expressed in the form of "insufficient brightness" and "excessive danger" in the poem, which is more in line with the poet's real feelings at that time. From the opposite side to the right, then we use the two classics "Yi Jing" and "One Water and One Mountain" to lead to the following life course review. Poetry allusions have existed since the beginning of poetry and Sao, and have gradually become a trend since Jian 'an. However, they are elegant, precise and meticulous, which has become a major practice in poetry writing, but they have to be proud and grateful. Of course, it also brought Xie Shi's sometimes obscure diseases. Gains and losses are typical in this poem. This is another big difference between Tao and Xie's poetic styles. Xie lingyun
(385 ~ 433) was a poet in Jin and Song Dynasties. Originally from Yang Xia, Chen Jun (now Taikang, Henan) was born in Huining, Huiji (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). The grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, attacked the public and was praised by people. Born in a famous family, he is also very talented, but his career is bumpy. In order to get rid of political troubles, I often roam the mountains and explore wonders. Most poems describe the places he has been, such as Yongjia, Huiji and Peng Li. Among them, there is no lack of natural freshness, which depicts natural scenery from different angles and gives people beautiful enjoyment. Most of his poems are about scenery and metaphysics, and there are still the tails of metaphysical poems. Nevertheless, Xie Lingyun enriched and opened up the realm of poetry with his creation, making the description of landscape independent from metaphysical poetry, thus reversing the style of metaphysical poetry since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and establishing the status of landscape poetry. From then on, landscape poetry became a school in the history of China's poetry development, and he became the founder of landscape poetry school. There is also Xie's collection.