First, the characteristics and appreciation of "homesick poems"
Homesickness poems are generally related to three kinds of people: vagrants, soldiers who have fought for many years, and divorced women who live alone in boudoir.
Some unique images of "homesick poems": geese, full moon, Hakka, festivals, Qiangdi, Guanshan and so on.
The main emotions expressed in "homesick poems" are: missing, leaving sorrow, mourning, hating war and longing for reunion.
The lyrical ways of "homesick poetry" are: borrowing scenery to express emotion, rendering contrast, combining reality with reality and so on.
Appreciate examples
Liang Zhu Liu Yong in Song Dynasty
Leaning against the dangerous building, the wind is fine, looking forward to spring sorrow, and the sky is dark. In the afterglow of the grass, no one will lean on the fence and be silent. I plan to get drunk on the map of madness and sing songs for wine, which is strong and tasteless. I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and wider, which makes people haggard for Iraq.
1, the last film wrote "climb high and look far", leaving sorrow and parting, trying to analyze the relationship between "scenery" and "emotion".
2. Critics have always believed that the crowning touch of this word is "clothes are getting wider and wider without regret, wasting away for Iraq". Please combine the whole words and briefly analyze what thoughts and feelings these two sentences express.
Reference answer
1, "dangerous building", suggesting that the lyric hero has a high foothold and must swim far. Yi shows the hero's long-standing and deep nostalgia. The result of "leaning" is "spring sorrow", that is, looking forward to the future and leaving sorrow for parting. It is not that "spring sorrow" is hidden in the heart, but born from the distant sky. The scenery of "grass smoke" is integrated into the complex of "who will be speechless", and hope is empty.
2.( 1) start with "no regrets" and analyze loyalty (persistence, sincerity, etc. ) combined with the whole word, you can agree
(2) Starting from "haggard", analyze "melancholy" (homesickness, missing, etc. ) By performing "Spring Sorrow", it would be fine.
Second, the characteristics and appreciation of "Farewell Poem"
Characteristics of farewell poems to friends;
Character characteristics: words such as "send", "farewell" and "gift" generally appear.
Image characteristics: Generally, words related to farewell such as "willow", "boating" and "brother" will appear.
Emotional characteristics: expressing sadness and sadness when leaving, loneliness and yearning after leaving, encouraging and comforting friends.
Expression skills: either express your thoughts directly or express your feelings through the scenery; Or compare people with things, or describe them psychologically.
Appreciate examples
Xie Ting bid farewell to Xu Hun.
After singing the farewell song, you untied another boat in the distance. There are green hills on both sides and red leaves on the mountains. The water is rushing eastward. When dusk fell, I woke up, only to know that everyone had left. At this time, it began to rain again, and I was the only one who left the west wing.
1. Are the first two sentences and the last two sentences of this poem about the same time? What feeling does the author express in this way?
2. What's the difference between the two descriptions of natural scenery in the poem?
Reference answer
1, the interval is long when it is different. In this way, the author strengthens the sadness of farewell. After waking up, he realized that his friend was far away from him and felt desolate and lonely.
2. The former described the beautiful scenery of red leaves and green hills as a scene of joy and sadness, while the latter described the stormy sky as a scene of sadness and parting.
Third, the characteristics and appreciation of "frontier poems"
The characteristics of frontier poems;
Imagery features: Generally, farewell words such as Xiaxia, Border Town, Beacon, Qiangdi, Guanshan, Moon and Desert will appear.
Emotional characteristics: express the heroic spirit of garrisoning in a distant place, or the resentment and sorrow of serving the country, or the hardships of fighting for years, missing family, hating war and attacking rulers.
Expression skills: either express your thoughts directly or express your feelings through the scenery; Or the music scene is sad, or the contrast is set off, or the dynamic and static are combined, and the virtual and the real are born together.
Appreciate examples
Liangzhou Ci (Ⅰ) Zhangji
Border town, geese fly low at dusk, asparagus gradually gathers. Countless clocks have passed the cymbals, so you have to carry them to Anxi.
Note: moraine desert. Practice, white silk, a kind of silk fabric.
1, what kind of frontier fortress scene does the phrase "countless bells pass by" show?
2. This poem uses the artistic techniques of contrast and virtual reality. Please analyze it briefly.
Reference answer
1, the answer hint: the long camel team is marching on the vast desert.
2, answer tips: far and near, high and low, dynamic and static, suppression and contrast. The first three sentences are reality and the last sentence is imagination.
Fourth, the characteristics and appreciation of "pastoral landscape poetry"
Several basic characteristics of "pastoral landscape poetry";
Image characteristics: landscape vegetation, flowers and birds, pastoral scenery, farm life.
Emotional characteristics: either express dissatisfaction with reality, or express yearning for a quiet and peaceful life, or express their leisurely attitude towards life.
Skills and characteristics: either blending feelings into the scene, visualizing, personifying, exaggerating, sketching, rendering, combining dynamic and static, combining far and near, or combining audio and video.
Appreciate examples
New Julia Wang Wei
After the rain, the new clear sky is particularly open, and the vision is open without any fog and dust. The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary.
The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge. It is the busy farming season, there are no idle people, and farmers are busy going to the fields.
Note: dirt: dust.
What is the most refined and vivid word in the upper and lower sentences of 1 and the third sentence? Please analyze it briefly.
2. What kind of picture does the tail couplet describe? What are the advantages of writing like this?
Reference answer
1, "Ming" and "Chu" respectively fully show the "new sunshine" after the rain and the scenery of "Wang Ye" expected by the poet: the river rises outside the field, and under the sunshine, "white water" shines in the neighborhood, brighter than usual; After the rain washed away, the "blue peaks" of the mountains appeared in the sun, which was more layered.
2. William described the busy scene of farmers' families in the farmland during the busy farming season. The advantage of this writing is that it highlights the poem "Xinqing" again, because "Xinqing" people can see the scene of farmers "going south and losing their money". Add infinite vitality to a sentence diagram drawn in front, and make the transformed picture come alive.
V. Characteristics and appreciation of "praising history and cherishing ancient poems"
Later writers visited historical sites, thinking about the ancients and sighing about the past. For practical reasons, they either use the past to satirize the present, or express their feelings about the past, or feel the past and the present.
Generally speaking, poets meditate on history calmly and rationally, or distort historical facts with reality, or lament personal experiences, or criticize the fatuity of rule and the disadvantages of society, or just grasp the shadow of history and deliberately explore topics.
In terms of techniques, it is usually to satirize the present by ancient times or to express emotion by ancient times; There are scenes to contrast feelings, ancient and modern comparisons, side comparisons, and useful classics.
Appreciate examples
Li Yi, Bianhe District
Bianshui infinite spring water flows eastward, and Sui Palace Que has become dust. Pedestrians don't look at the long embankment, and the wind blows flowers and worries people.
Bianhe nostalgic Pi Rixiu
It is said that the Sui Dynasty perished because of this river, but now it is still flowing, and the north and south ships are unimpeded. If there is no water temple dragon boat, * * * Yu will not talk more about merit.
Read the above two poems and talk about their similarities and differences in content and expression.
Reference answer
A: Both poems are epics.
Bianhe Qu expresses the feelings of prosperity in the past and decline in the present in the way of chanting history. Through the comparison of ancient and modern scenery descriptions, the once "infinite spring scenery" has now become "dust", and the willows full of dams have filled the bustling pedestrians with sadness.
Looking Back at the Ancient River expresses a unique view of Yang Di's opening of the Grand Canal by chanting history. The poem begins with a discussion, starting with what is usually called "Sui died as a river". It is believed that if the extravagant behavior of the emperor's southern tour is excluded, his contribution to the opening of the Grand Canal alone will be no less than that of Dayu, who managed water.
Sixthly, the characteristics and appreciation of "expressing one's will by supporting things"
Poems about objects and poems about nostalgia express a person's spiritual quality or ideal pursuit by describing or appreciating unique things.
Since it is a poem about things, it is of course necessary to write about the shape, color and characteristics of the things you sing, which are not only similar in shape, but also similar in spirit. Similar to the spiritual quality or ideal pursuit that the author needs to express. For example, Tao Yuanming praised chrysanthemums and expressed his carefree and comfortable state of mind; Lu you Yongmei, shows that he is not kitsch, stick to the integrity of justice.
Generally speaking, the writing skills of chanting poems are to express personal will, be partial or personified, visualize, describe positively, or set off laterally.
Appreciate examples
Song Qingzhao of Osmanthus fragrans.
The faint yellow corpus luteum is soft, and the traces of love are far away, only fragrant. Why light blue and deep red? It's a first-class flower
Ding Mei is jealous, chrysanthemums should be ashamed, and the painting column opens in the Mid-Autumn Festival. A poet can be heartless in thought, but he got nothing in those days.
This is a typical chanting poem. Try to analyze how to portray the image characteristics of osmanthus fragrans and express the author's ambition.
Reference answer
1, the first sentence directly depicts the unique charm of osmanthus fragrans with both form and spirit: the appearance is not gorgeous, but the body is gentle and fragrant; In the second sentence, the author discusses it directly, emphasizing that internal beauty is more important than external beauty, highlighting that osmanthus fragrans is light and fragrant, with long traces and high quality, and it is the best among flowers.
In the next film, Mei Ju is used to set off the Mid-Autumn Festival of Osmanthus fragrans. Then by complaining that the sage Qu Yuan boasted flowers everywhere, but did not mention osmanthus, it highlighted the author's treasure of osmanthus. After discussion at different levels, the image of sweet-scented osmanthus, which is "deep in love" but noble in character, stands out clearly.
2. By chanting osmanthus, the author expresses his true love and appreciation for this "distant" but fragrant and high-quality character, which is also the author's pursuit of this unique and noble ideal personality.
Seven, the characteristics and appreciation of "Poems about Huai"
Content features: Expose the fatuity and decay of rulers, sympathize with the sufferings of the lower class, care about the country and the people, and yearn for national unity and people's freedom.
Commonly used techniques: satirize the present with the ancient, set off feelings with the scenery, compare the ancient and the modern, and adapt and use allusions.
Appreciate examples
Liu Chenweng's "Willows in Spring"
Iron horse felt, silver flowers shed tears, and spring entered the city of sorrow. Playing the flute, playing drums in the street, not singing.
It's like a person sitting in a blue lamp, thinking about his hometown and thinking about a high platform. The scenery under the mountain, the years in the mountain, and the mood at sea.
Note that this word was written by the author in seclusion in the mountains after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty.
This is a sad song of national subjugation. How does the author express his "feeling of spring"?
Reference answer
1, realism with virtual reality: the first part is about the imagination of the desolate scene of the old capital, and the second part reviews the scene of the old country.
2. Comparison between the past and the present: scene comparison between the upper and lower films.
3. Usage and allusions. Chun Qing: It expresses deep nostalgia for the motherland of the Southern Song Dynasty, gnashing hatred for the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, and deep sorrow and great pain of national subjugation.
Eight, the characteristics and appreciation of "Poem of Serving the Country with Meritorious Service"
Characteristics of "Poems about Serving the Country with Meritorious Service";
Image characteristics: generally, there will be great achievements in remembering ancient emperors, saints and heroes; There will also be social reality of national disaster, treacherous court official in power and incompetent monarch; There are also related words such as war, people's livelihood and the Northern Expedition.
Emotional characteristics: the resentment and sadness of expressing achievements and aspirations of bringing peace and stability to the country, or expressing the ambition of serving the country without reward.
Expression skills: either express your thoughts directly or express your feelings through the scenery; Or the music scene is sad, or the contrast is set off, or the dynamic and static are combined, and the virtual and the real are born together.
Appreciate examples
Thirteen Poems of Li He in Nanyuan (Part Five)
Why didn't the great man take weapons to collect the fifty States of the mountain? Please go to see the paintings of the founder heroes with pictures. Another scholar was once called the aristocrat of a million families?
Lingyan Pavilion: In Chang 'an, in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong painted twenty-four founding heroes on the pavilion. If one: which one.
Express the main idea: the determination to join the army to serve the country, the indignation of being powerless to serve the country.
Expression skills: contrast and express your thoughts directly.
Nine, the characteristics and appreciation of "Life Encounter Poetry"
"Poems of Life Encounters" mainly refer to poems written by literati who have suffered setbacks in their official career, expressing their feelings about how hard life is, how unsatisfactory life is and how outstanding their talents are.
Image characteristics: rain, rain, sunshine, sunset, falling flowers, flowing water, seclusion, declining temples, etc.
Emotional characteristics: express how hard life is, how unsatisfactory life is, or sad because of lack of talent and ambition, or open-minded and cheerful.
Expression skills: either express your thoughts directly or express your feelings through the scenery; Or a combination of reality and reality, or a comparison.
Appreciate examples
Ding Fengbo Su Shi
(On March 7th, it rained on Hu Sha Road. The rain gear went first, and the peers were all in a mess. I couldn't feel it alone. It has cleared up, so just pretend to be like this. )
Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely. Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life.
The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the place where I met the wind and rain, going back, for me, there is no wind and rain, but it is still sunny.
Expressing the serious theme of life with the theme of carefree life is a major feature of Su Shi's ci. Read this word carefully and talk about the philosophy of life contained in it.
Reference answer
This word describes the scene in front of you and contains what is in your heart. From the little things we are used to, we have a profound philosophy of life: treat life with a broad mind, be optimistic and confident even if you encounter great difficulties, and don't sink into depression. This also reflects the author's contempt and confidence in evil.
X. characteristics and appreciation of "leisurely and secluded poems"
The common images of "leisurely and quiet poems" are: Shan Ye in the field, the breeze and the bright moon, the wild hermit, the pine, bamboo and plum trees, the tortoise, the crane, the deer and the rabbit, the firewood family in Pengmen, the willow, the mulberry and the hemp, etc.
The common feelings of "leisurely poems" are: peaceful and peaceful atmosphere, leisurely and meticulous mentality; Beautiful rural scenery and rich life interest; Hate officialdom and love the countryside.
Common skills of "leisure and seclusion poetry": either melting feelings into the scene, or contrasting and rendering, or combining reality with reality, or both audio and video. Language is simple and fresh.
Wang Wei, living in the mountains is a good thing.
The door of the hedge is closed, looking at the oblique sunlight in the evening. Crane perches on the surrounding pine trees, and tourists are left in cold and sparse places.
The bamboo knot has added a new layer of powder, and the old lotus leaf is red and red. Fishing boats on the ferry are shuttling little by little, and there are people coming and going everywhere.
1. On the expression effect of the word "bian" in parallel prose.
2. What kind of scenery and feelings are written in the last four sentences of the poem?
Reference answer
1, the word "times" means more pine cranes, and the word "rare" means fewer tourists. The contrast between these two figures shows the tranquility of the living environment in the mountains.
2. I wrote about the setting sun, the smoke rising from the kitchen, the tender bamboo lotus flowers fresh and lovely, and the scene of people coming home with diamonds. Show the author's carefree mood.
XI。 Characteristics and Appreciation of "Poems of Life Miscellaneous Feeling"
The main expressive methods of "Poems of Life Miscellaneous Feeling" are: borrowing scenery to express emotion.
Nankezi Rebecca
The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind. The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.
1. What kind of picture does Shangque's sentence "A few beautiful tears are red" show? Did the author write this sentence to cherish spring and hurt his heart? Why?
2. Try to analyze the content of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem.
Reference answer
1, answer: Some pictures of flowers with water drops on their petals. It's not for Xi Chun. It can be seen from two aspects: one author followed the sentence of "counting branches" and said, "Don't be sad about the flowers"; Second, when dark clouds are gathering and cold rain is coming, the author is more concerned about "getting enough water and looking forward to a bumper harvest year."
12. Features and Appreciation of "Live Lyrics"
The theme of "Live Lyrics" is very extensive. It can be said that all poems about lyrical scenery can be classified into this category, whether homesickness, homesickness, farewell or war-weariness. Whether it's talking about fate, national disaster, expressing feelings, expressing feelings, etc., as long as you express your inner feelings through scenery description, it belongs to this category.
The main performance skills of "live lyric poetry" are: emotion and scene blending in the scene. Others personify by metaphor, contrast and contrast, or render by line drawing; Or the combination of static and dynamic, or the combination of reality and reality, or the combination of audio-visual and cadence.
Appreciate examples
Du fu's quatrains
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
1. What are the characteristics of this poem in spring?
2. The artistic skills of writing this poem.
Reference answer
1, a: Write a picture of the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.
2. Tip: One or two sentences combine vision and smell. Three or four sentences combine static and dynamic.