Zhuang people in most areas are used to eating three meals during the solar eclipse, and Zhuang people in a few areas also eat four meals, that is, adding a small meal between lunch and dinner. Breakfast and Chinese food are relatively simple, usually porridge, dinner is dinner, dry rice is eaten more, and vegetables are more abundant. Rice and corn are abundant grains in Zhuang areas, which naturally become their staple food. Daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, spinach, bitter gourd, even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables. Boiling is the most common, as well as the habit of pickling vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard and salt when cooking. Zhuang people love to eat any kind of animal meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chickens, ducks and geese. Some areas don't eat dog meat, and some areas like to eat dog meat. Pork is also cooked in whole pieces, then cut into square pieces, and then put the seasoning back into the pot. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 70-80% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot before cooking, so as to keep the dishes delicious. Zhuang people like hunting and cooking game and insects, and they are very good at the diet of Panax notoginseng. Cooking with flowers, leaves, roots and whiskers of Panax notoginseng is very distinctive. Zhuang people are also good at roasting, frying, stewing, salting and marinating, addicted to alcohol, with spicy and sour tastes, and like to eat crispy dishes. The main specialties are: spicy blood, roasted meat, banker roast duck, salty liver, crispy fried bee, spiced bean worm, fried worm, skin liver, ginger rabbit meat, glistening fried frog and fried chicken. Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, which are not too high. Among them, yellow rice wine is the main drink for festivals and entertainments. Some yellow rice wines are called chicken gall and chicken offal wine, and chicken offal and pig liver wine. Drink the chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve the hangover, but also be eaten as a dish. Typical food: There are many famous dishes and snacks in Zhuang nationality, mainly including horseshoe pole, raw fish, roast suckling pig, glutinous rice, Ningming Zhuang Zong, champion hand, boiled dog meat, Zhuang Jia crispy chicken, stewed dog meat with broken noodles and dragon pump.
The houses of Zhuang people living near the dam area and towns are mostly brick-wood structures, with white exterior walls and decorative patterns painted on the eaves. Zhuang people living in remote mountainous areas, their village is Zhuang village in Longji, Guangxi.
Houses are mostly tile-roofed houses or straw houses with civil structures. Generally, there are two architectural styles: semi-dry-fence style and full-residential style. Gan Lan, also known as Mulou and Diaojiaolou. Zhuang, Dong, Yao, Miao and Han all have it. Most of them are two floors. There are usually 3 or 5 rooms upstairs for people to use. The lower floor is the wooden building column foot, which is composed of bamboo pieces and wooden boards. It can be used as a stable for livestock, and can also be used for stacking farm tools, firewood and sundries. Some also have attics and annex buildings. Generally, dry fences are close to mountains and rivers, facing the fields. A stockade and a community are both magnificent and spectacular. In some villages, families are connected and integrated, just like a big family. The bedroom pattern has its own characteristics everywhere. The trunk wall of Zhuang nationality in Longji Township, Longsheng County is centered on the shrine. Behind the shrine, there is a public house (centered on the hostess), and the left corner is the woman's house. There is a small door communicating with the public house. The housewife's room is in the right corner. The husband's room is outside the hall on the right. The guest room is in the left corner of the lobby, and the girls' room is next to the stairs in the right corner, which is convenient for them to communicate with boys. The biggest feature of this layout is that husband and wife live in separate rooms and follow ancient customs. At present, the internal structure of the main fence has changed slightly, but the basic pattern remains unchanged.
There are three main colors of Zhuang costumes: blue, black and brown. Zhuang women have the habit of planting cotton and spinning. Spinning, weaving and dyeing are cottage industries. The cloth made of self-produced and sold cotton yarn is called "home machine", which is thick and wearable, and then dyed blue, black or brown. Indigo can be dyed blue or cyan, fish ponds can be dyed black, and yam can be dyed brown. Zhuang costumes are different. Men's and women's costumes and headdresses for men, women and unmarried women have their own characteristics. There are two kinds of men's wear: right lapel and double lapel. The right lapel shirt has no collar, and the button is opened from the right armpit to the waist and turned to the center, and then opened three or four inches. The lapel is inlaid with colorful cloth edges more than one inch wide, fastened with copper buttons and tied with long belts; A tight shirt with an open chest, only the length of the navel, is worn at work. Women's wear has a collarless right lapel, but the sleeves are larger than men's, nearly feet wide and knee-wide, with welts, and the edges are wide and thin, usually more than two or three. The cloth on the inside of the shoulder is opposite to the outside, and three lines are sewn, which is called "reverse shirt". The buttons of men's and women's shirts are brass buttons or Bunyo. Men's and women's trousers are basically the same in style, with hem, commonly known as "bull's head trousers". Married women have a lace Chinese-style chest covering, and a spiky tube is hung on the left side of the waist trousers, which is connected with the key and makes a "noisy" sound when walking. Men's robes are used to wearing robes and wearing a short coat outside, commonly known as "robe plus coat". At first, they wore a round hat. Later, they wore a hat. In modern times, Zhuang people's clothing styles have been basically modernized, but the older generation still generally wear blue and black. Strange headdress Unmarried women like to have long hair and bangs (to distinguish whether they are married or not). Usually, they comb the hair on the left side around the right side (about 37 minutes) and fix it with a hairpin, or tie a long braid and a colored towel at the tail and fix it on the top of the head at work. Married women comb their hair into a dragon and phoenix bun, gather it into a chicken (phoenix) hip shape from back to front, and insert silver or bone cross hair pins. Nowadays, people who rarely wear green gauze white handkerchiefs mostly use black handkerchiefs or flowered handkerchiefs. Most of them are middle-aged women and like to wear embroidery to cut their foreheads. In winter, women wear black wool hats, and the fancy of the brim changes with age. Both men and women wear cloth shoes. Middle-aged women love to wear their own cat-ear cloth shoes, commonly known as shoe cats, which are shaped like sandals, ears and heels. They are strung together with a flat gauze belt and tied at will to adjust the tightness. Children's headdress: Children's hats are uncovered hats sewn with embroidered strips of two or three inches wide. The Zhuang customs recorded in ancient books, such as "stepping on the foot" and "covering the forehead", are reproduced on children's hats, which can not only protect their heads, but also play a decorative role. Babies' suspenders are much larger and butterfly-shaped than those of ordinary Han people. The butterfly body is three feet long and two feet four inches wide. It is embroidered with patterns or bagua Gankun pictures, and rarely embroidered with words. The "butterfly wings" on both sides are nine feet long and one foot two inches wide. This kind of strap is called "pull". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the size of this kind of suspenders gradually became smaller, and some suspenders were called "wax" in strong words. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the size of this kind of suspenders gradually became smaller, and some suspenders were embroidered with words such as "safe entry and exit" and "happiness" to replace the original patterns.
Zhuang nationality is a hospitable nation. In the past, guests who visited any Zhuang village were regarded as guests of the whole village. Often several families take turns to invite them to dinner, sometimes five or six at a time. Usually, we have the habit of visiting each other. For example, if a family kills pigs, we will invite everyone in the village to have a meal. Be sure to prepare wine for the guests at the table, which will be very grand. The custom of toasting is to have a drink. Actually, a white porcelain spoon is used instead of a cup. When guests arrive home, they will try their best to give them the best accommodation, especially the elderly and new guests. When eating, you must wait for the oldest old man to sit down before eating; The younger generation must not eat the dishes that the elders have not touched; When serving tea and rice to elders and guests, you must hold it in your hands, not in front of the guests or behind your elders' backs. Those who finish eating first should say "enjoy your meal" to their elders and guests before leaving; The younger generation can't eat the whole table. Respecting the old and loving the young is the traditional virtue of Zhuang nationality. Old people in Lu Yu should take the initiative to say hello and give way. Don't cross your legs, swear or cross over the old people. When killing a chicken, the head and nose of the chicken must respect the old man. The old people in Lu Yu You Yue should be called "Grandpa" for men and "Grandma" or "Old Lady" for women. When you meet a guest or a person with a heavy load, you should take the initiative to make way. If you encounter the burden of the elderly, you should take the initiative to help and send it to break up.
Zhuang people are taboo to kill on the first day of the first lunar month; Young women in some areas avoid eating beef and dog meat; For the first three days (some for the first seven days), women were forbidden to let outsiders in; Women who have not yet given birth to a full moon are forbidden to visit their homes. When you board the bamboo building of Zhuang people, you usually take off your shoes. It is forbidden for Zhuang people to wear hats and carry hoes or other farm tools into their homes, so they should put down their farm tools and take off their hats when they arrive at the door of Zhuang people's homes. Tanghuo and bathhouse are the most sacred places in the Zhuang family. It is forbidden to step on the tripod and stove on the Tang Huo with your feet. When young Zhuang people get married, pregnant women are forbidden to participate, especially pregnant women can't see the bride. Especially pregnant women can't enter the maternal home. If there is a pregnant woman at home, it is forbidden to hang sleeves, branches or knives on the door. Those who accidentally break into the maternal home must give the baby a name, give the baby a suit, a chicken or a corresponding gift, and be the child's michel platini and godmother. It is considered unlucky to prevent chopsticks from falling to the ground. Don't blow the rice cold with your mouth when eating, and don't put chopsticks in a bowl. Avoid whistling when walking at night. Avoid sitting in the middle of the threshold. As a rice-growing nation, the Zhuang people like frogs very much. In some places, Zhuang people have a special "frog worship ceremony", so it is forbidden to kill frogs or eat frog meat in Zhuang areas. Whenever floods or other major disasters occur, the Zhuang people will hold ancestor worship activities and pray for the dragon's blessing for disaster relief. After the ceremony, a monument was erected at the entrance of the village, and outsiders were not allowed to enter the village.
Zhuang people are good at singing, and Zhuang folk songs have different names such as "Huan", "Xi", "Jia", "Bi" and "Lun" because of different dialects in the north and south. Zhuang people hold regular folk song fairs, the most grand of which is the Dashan Song Fair attended by more than 10,000 people on the third day of the third lunar month. Youjiang area is called "Huan", Zuojiang area is called "Poetry", and northern Guangxi area is called "Bi" and "Huan", all of which mean singing folk songs. There is a regular folk song called Gewei. The date of the concert varies from place to place. The third day of the third lunar month is the most grand. More than 10,000 people attended the Dashan Song Festival. The content includes songs, begging songs, passionate songs, antithetical songs, polite songs, pushing songs, disc songs, changing songs, parting songs, love songs, farewell songs and so on. Liu Sanjie, known as the "singing fairy", is a typical representative of a singer. The ancient songs of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi go to the market and hydrangea have been passed down to this day. The earliest record of hydrangea can be found in Huashan murals in Ningming. At that time, it was a spherical bronze weapon, which was thrown out to smash prey when hunting. This is why Zhuang hydrangea is called flying camel (camel) in ancient books. During the concert, there will also be recreational activities such as throwing hydrangeas and "touching eggs" between men and women. During this period, families eat five-color glutinous rice. Wenshan, Yunnan also sang Zhuang opera and held a material exchange meeting. In the past, the Zhuang people planted rice once a year (that is, one season), and the third day of March was the time to prepare for farming. Ge Wei is making material and spiritual preparations for spring ploughing. Eating five-colored rice and five-colored eggs means wishing the grain a bumper harvest. In the Tang Dynasty, there were zhuang dance, such as Tang Tang Dance, with rice as its content and percussion instruments. In the Song Dynasty, there were pole dancing, tea dancing, shrimp fishing dancing and spring cattle dancing. The male dance is vigorous and powerful, and the female dance is graceful. This dance has been passed down to this day. Under the influence of Han drama, drama began to appear in Zhuang nationality around the Qing Dynasty. One is Zhuang drama, teacher drama and puppet show sung in Zhuang language; The other is a musical featuring folk songs and dances. Zhuang Opera is divided into "Northern Zhuang Opera" popular in Tianlin, Xilin and Baise. Under the influence of Yunnan opera, it was formed on the basis of folk rap art "bench play" and absorbed the singing of Yunnan opera. Accompaniment instruments include Ma Guhu, Huluhu and Muye of Zhuang nationality and flute, sanxian and erhu of Han nationality. Nanluzhuang Opera, popular in Qingxi and Debao dynasties, is a kind of opera that combines singing and singing on the basis of Emma local opera and influenced by Yi opera. Besides Ma Guhu and Huluhu, the accompaniment instruments of Yi Opera include Wen Gong, Wu Gong, Da Gong, Xiao Gong, Er Hu, Sanxian, Di, Drum and Gong. 1. Gewei Gewei is popular in Zhuang areas. The market period varies from place to place, but it is generally the most prosperous in spring and autumn. Spring is a period of time after the Spring Festival, which is the fourth day of the first month or the seventh day of the first month, February 19th, March 3rd, March 16th, etc. Autumn is a period after the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as August 15th or September 9th and October 10th. In addition, there are irregular song concerts, which are frequent and common. Legend has it that a long time ago, the daughter of an old Zhuang singer was very beautiful and good at singing folk songs. Young men from far and near wanted to propose to her, so the old singer proposed to choose a spouse. Young singers from all over the world come to participate in song competitions in order to be selected by old singers and girls. Since then, a regular song contest party-Gewei has been formed. Regular song concerts are usually held three or two times a year, with tens of thousands of people attending the big ones and one or two thousand people attending the small ones. Irregular concerts are generally small, with 30 to 50 people, 10 to 20 people. The songs sung at the Expo are mainly the pursuit of beautiful love ideals by young men and women. Its contents are generally meeting songs, invitation songs, disc songs, new songs, love songs, oath songs, farewell songs and so on. Ge Wei usually lasts for one day, but also for two or three days in a row. In addition to young people, there are also young and middle-aged people attending the concert. Old people and children mainly "watch the war", appreciate and judge. Some old singers take part in activities, but they don't sing, but serve as consultants for young people. The song will be very lively. Besides young people singing, there are singers and businessmen. All kinds of daily necessities, silk products, food cakes, chickens, ducks, fish and vegetables are available. In fact, Ge Wei also has the nature of fairness. 2. Songs are different from Xu Ge, and may have originated in Xu Ge. The duration of the concert is not necessarily, as long as it is necessary, it can be held at any time. The number of people attending the concert ranged from several thousand to thirty or twenty. The songs sung in the concert mainly express the Zhuang people's ideological passion for changing society and life and their yearning for future life. Its content generally begins with the opening song, and then goes to offering songs, competing songs, evaluating songs, harmony, learning songs, unity songs and so on. Generally speaking, all the people attending the concert are adults, and they have a certain understanding of current politics. 3. Copper Drum The Zhuang people have been casting and using copper drums for more than 2,000 years. Up to now, most counties in Zhuang area have unearthed bronze drums in different periods. There are many kinds and sizes of bronze drums. The drum surface is flat, the drum body is hollow and bottomless, decorated with various patterns. Historically, the bronze drum was not only a musical instrument, but also a symbol of power and wealth. From the point of view of smelting technology and modeling technology, the bronze drums unearthed in Guogailing, Tiandong County, Guangxi during the Warring States Period and Guixian County and Xilin County, Guangxi during the Western Han Dynasty have reached a fairly high level. 4. Zhuang Brocade Zhuang Brocade is a famous textile handicraft of Zhuang people. It is made of cotton yarn and five-color velvet, with unique patterns and durability. The production of Zhuang brocade was recorded in the Tang and Song Dynasties more than/kloc-0.000 years ago. By the Qing Dynasty, Zhuang brocade production had spread all over Zhuang areas, becoming the clothing demand of Zhuang people and the best-selling product in the market. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhuang Brocade has achieved new development, and its patterns and patterns have been constantly innovated, and its application scope has become wider and wider, such as wall hanging, tablecloth, cushion, sofa cloth, curtains and so on. At present, Zhuang brocade produced in Jingxi, Binyang and other places in Guangxi sells well at home and abroad. 5. Zhuang boxing not only has a long history and tradition in Zhuang township, but also is a unique custom of Zhuang nationality. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, when a boy grew up to be a teenager, he had to be taught martial arts. Local chiefs advocate the masses to practice martial arts, and the masses also advocate martial arts. Every year during the winter leisure season, all villages in Zhuangxiang employ masters to teach martial arts. This custom lasted for a long time, until around liberation. Nowadays, the traditional martial arts in Zhuangxiang has been gradually restored and developed.
The marriage of Zhuang nationality takes the form of free love and arranged by parents. Generally enjoy full freedom of love before marriage, but parents often interfere in arranged marriages. Monogamy is widely practiced in Zhuang nationality. Women, like men, are family laborers, but only men have the right to inherit. In its marriage system, "staying at home" or "sitting at home" prevailed, and some places still maintain this custom. After young men and women get married, the bride will go back to her mother's house for a short time during major festivals and busy farming seasons, and will not stay in her husband's house for a long time until she becomes pregnant. Therefore, the time for "waiting for marriage" ranges from three to five years. In history, there was sexual freedom during the period of "staying indoors", but in modern times, influenced by Confucian culture, it was considered as improper behavior and was strictly prohibited. Offenders either divorced or compensated for certain property. Now love is free and marriage is independent.