Marguerite Yourcenar (65438+June 8th 0903-1987 65438+February 17) is a French writer.
Marguerite Yourcenar, a writer, was born in Brussels on June 8, 1903. Her real name is Marguerite De Crayencour, and Marguerite Yourcenar's surname is Claydenkour, which is Yourcenar's pen name. Her father is a French diplomat and her mother is a Belgian. Ten days after her birth, her mother died of postpartum infection. From Usana's article "World Labyrinth: Religious Memory", she talked about her mother, her grandfather and grandmother, but she felt that they were strangers. She wrote, "They have nothing to do with me." The lack of maternal love is a kind of luck for her, and no mother has cultivated her into a lady according to the requirements of the upper class; There is no such sweet and greasy love to soften her, so she grows up according to her most natural situation and does not follow any rules. Although she lost her maternal love, Usana was doubly loved by her father. As a child, she traveled in Europe and spent her childhood and adolescence in the north, south and Paris. She never went to school, received a private school education in her early years, studied Greek and Latin, and was taken care of by many housekeepers and carefully guided by her tutors. Enlightened father plays an important role in Usana's life, which can be said to be her teacher, confidant and friend. From an early age, he invited his daughter to enjoy the rich library with him and encouraged her to write. Facing his daughter's education, he did not introduce her into the framework of traditional women, but left her with the same wandering and adventurous interests as himself. /kloc-at the age of 0/2, he has read the ancient heroic stories thoroughly; By the time I was 20, I had outlined the main characters in my future major works.
/Kloc-At the age of 0/6, Usana stood out with her long poem Paradise of Fantasy, and later reorganized her surname as Yourcenar as her pen name. In more than half a century, she traveled all over Europe and America, specializing in history and mythology, accumulating writing energy and material thickness, and thus a poetic medieval novel sprouted. Usana has created a large number of poems, plays, novels, essays and papers in his life, and has many talents. She is a poet (Paradise of Fantasy (192 1), The Gods Are Not Dead (1922)), a playwright (The Lost Mask of Elek (1954), The Secret of Arthas (65438 The novels "Memoirs of Hadrian" (195 1), "Suffering" (1968), "Biographer" (World maze: pious memories (1974), "Northern Literature" (1. She is also a beautiful translator (once translated the works of Greek poet and English writer Henry James and Virginia Woolf, Deep River, Hidden River (1964) and Crown and Harp (1979)) and a profound literary critic and critic (time, this is great! 1937, she went to London to meet Virginia Woolf, a famous female writer at that time. Both of them left words describing the meeting. Saunal called Woolf "shining and shy" and "exquisitely etched the traces of thinking and burnout". Although Woolf can't even remember Usana's name clearly, she wrote down her characteristics with amazing insight and sensitivity, "red mouth; Energetic ",also wrote," this woman must have a past. I think she dedicated herself to love and wisdom. "
Marguerite Yourcenar came to Japan in his later years and wrote some articles about Yukio Mishima. Usana appreciates Murasaki shikibu very much. Among the wonders of the East, there is a story "Love in My Old Age" adapted from "Tale of Genji". This is not only a simple adaptation, but also a very oriental and authentic understanding of the story of Haruki Murakami and Genji.
Usana wrote with Tagore in her girlhood and wanted to study in India. Her writing was praised by Tagore, but this growing process did not prevent her from writing from the perspective of an artist in her first novel Alexis, or it was a futile struggle. The artist wanted to devote himself to his career, but his family opposed him. She described the love life of a young man with homosexual tendencies, which shocked the world and was regarded by critics as "a trip to Italy prompted her to write A Coin in Nine Hands" (published in English versions 1934 and 1982), which is a novel about the difference between dream and reality. She also imagined that if she really came to live in India when she was young, her literary creation might be very different.
1934, Usana met Grace Frick in the United States, and they became very close partners (note: they were lifelong partners for 50 years, and they were the main English translators of their works). 1937, because of the outbreak of World War II, Usana left France for the United States. The trip was originally expected to last for half a year. She never imagined that it would be 12 years before she could return to Europe. She worked as a journalist, translator and teacher, but the years when she first came to America were still the darkest time in her life. Far away from ancient Europe, she not only lost her financial resources, but also lost her publishers and readers. 1947, Usana obtained dual citizenship of the United States and France, and settled in the desert mountain island on the northeast coast of the United States (1' ile de Mount Desert). Forced to make a living, she taught comparative literature at Sarah Lawrence College and worked here for eight years, which was the only time in her life that she earned a living by salary. Grace has always supported Usana with loyal friendship in the uncertain years of the world and personal fate. She translated Virginia Woolf's The Waves into French on 1937, and published the French translation of Henry James's What Messi Know on 1947. 1968 On the eve of the May storm in France, the novel Hardship was published. This work is set in the turbulent European society of16th century, but through the prism of time, it reflects some fundamental problems that human destiny has been facing. 197 1 year, Usana was accepted as a foreign academician by the Royal Belgian Academy of Sciences. Just as she reached the pinnacle of honor steadily, Grace's illness went from bad to worse irretrievably. 1979165438+10. In October, Grace died after struggling with the disease for 2 1 year.
For nearly 10 years before Grace's death, Usana was forced to live a "motionless life", but she always had an anxious expectation for her trip. The first stop of her new journey is the Caribbean islands. After Grace died, she was accompanied by a 30-year-old gay man. 1March 6, 980, just before her departure, she learned that she was elected as an academician of the French Academy and became the first female academician in history. The news didn't stop Usana from traveling. In the last 10 years of her life, Usana showed amazing vitality. She not only revisited her old European homeland many times, but also visited Egypt, Kenya, India and Japan. At the same time, her new works are constantly coming out.
198 1, 1, Usain delivered his inaugural speech at the French Academy. Jeand' Ormesson, who gave a reply, made a wonderful introduction and evaluation of the life, works, temperament and personality of the green-robed woman writer in romantic language. One of the words was intriguing: "Madam! I hope all the men we have chosen in the past 350 years have superhuman talents like you. ..... we don't want to succumb to the prevailing feminism. We just try to be faithful to our traditional mission: to find the best, most valuable and lasting things in French literature as much as possible. You made us successful, madam. " This self-report sincerely expresses some contradictions in this world composed of two sexes. Gender is indeed accidental to life, but this accidental influence cannot be erased and ignored.
Usana's masterpieces are Hard Trial (1968 Fermine Prize for Literature) and Memoirs of Hadrian, which make her popular in the international literary world. 195 1 year, Usana published the novel Memoirs of Hadrian in France, which was a great success immediately. She won the French Literature Award, the French Academy Award and the Femina Literature Award twice, and in 2002, she was selected into the list of "the best 100 classic works of all time" planned by the Nobel Society and the Norwegian Reading Society. 1986 was awarded the French Prize (Commander of the Legion of Honor) and the Medal of Literary Honor of the American Art Club.
1987, Usana suffered a sudden cerebral hemorrhage while preparing for a long-distance trip, and died in Northeast Port, Maine, USA on1987 65438+February 65438+July.
2003 is the centenary of Usana's birth, and relevant research institutions in many European countries have held academic commemorative activities.