Lev tolstoy (1828-1910):19 is the greatest Russian writer at the end of the 20th century and one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature. His literary works occupy a first-class position in world literature. His representative works include Anna karenin, War and Peace, Resurrection and the autobiographical novel Childhood, Adolescence and Youth. Other works include Morning of the Landlord, Cossack, The Story of Sevastopol and Lucerne. War and Peace is a summary of his early works. Anna karenin represents the second milestone of his creation.
Ibsen (1828- 1906): Norwegian playwright, poet and critic. His plays criticize the disadvantages of the times, publicize social reforms, shape many heroic images of individualism, and reflect the radical democratic consciousness in the petty bourgeoisie stage. It has opened up a new road for the development of European drama, and his plays such as A Doll's House and Public Enemy have become classic works on the world stage. His works had a profound influence on European and American dramas from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, so he was called "the father of modern drama".
Hardy (1840- 1928): English poet and novelist. He is a writer who spans two centuries. His early and mid-term creations were mainly novels, which inherited and carried forward the literary tradition of Victorian era. In his later years, he developed English literature in the 20th century with his excellent poems. Hardy published nearly 20 novels in his life, among which Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge are the most famous.
Chekhov (1860- 1904): His full name is anton pavlovich chekhov. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, Russia was a great writer of critical realism, a humorous satirist, a master of short stories and a world-renowned playwright. His short stories are as famous as Mo Bosang's, and together with O Henry, they are called the three major short stories in the world. Chekhov wrote seven or eight hundred short stories in his life, as well as some novellas and plays. Most of the works are based on the ordinary life of the middle class "little people", exposing the cruelty of the reactionary ruling class and attacking the czar's autocratic system. His masterpieces include the short stories The Chameleon, The Man Wearing a Condom and The Death of a Civil Servant.
Kafka (1883- 1924): Austrian novelist and famous European expressionist writer. Most of his works use grotesque and absurd images and symbolic intuition to express isolated and desperate individuals surrounded by hostile social environment. It has become a concentrated expression of the "confusion of modern people" sweeping Europe, and has set off a series of "Kafka fever" in Europe.
Joyce (1882-1941): one of the most important, influential and controversial novelists in the 20th century. For nearly a century, the debate around him has never stopped. Those who admire him compare him with the greatest writers such as Shakespeare and Balzac, while those who oppose him think that his creation is difficult and obscure, blindly playing word games, and his readability is not strong, which cannot represent the direction of modern literature. However, despite the differences in understanding and evaluation, the team and scale of studying him are getting bigger and bigger, and the research content is getting deeper and deeper. Moreover, more and more people realize his great influence on western modernist literature and acknowledge his irreplaceable position in western modernist literature. He is regarded as the pioneer of the "stream of consciousness" novel and a brand-new style. His Ulysses and Eliot's The Waste Land are recognized as classic works of western modernist literature.
Milan Kundera:1929 Born in Czech Republic, she worked as a worker and jazz musician when she was young, then devoted herself to literature and film creation, and was a professor at Prague Film Academy. From 65438 to 0968, after the Soviet Union occupied Prague, his works were banned. 1975, he moved to France. Due to his increasing literary reputation, he was specially granted French citizenship by the French President. He devoted himself to novel creation, won many international literary awards and was nominated as a candidate for Nobel Prize in Literature. His main works are: short story collection Ridiculous Love (former 1968), Novel Joke (1968), Living elsewhere (1973), Farewell Meeting (1976), etc.
Borges (1899- 1986): Argentine poet, novelist and translator. His important works include Passion in Buenos Aires (1923), Moon in Front (1925), Exercise Book of Saint Martin (1929), Ode to the Shadow (1969) and Jin Hu. Kloc-0/94 1), Alef (654438) His works are neat in style, refined in words, unique in conception and exquisite in structure. The plot of the novel is often unfolded in the exotic background of the East, which is absurd, full of fantasy and full of mystery.
Nabokov: novelist, poet, literary critic, translator and stylist. He was once recognized as an outstanding novelist and stylist in the twentieth century. Nabokov is knowledgeable and talented, and his life-long creations are extremely rich, including poems, plays, novels, biographies, translations, chess and entomological papers. But he is mainly famous for his novels, such as Lolita, Puning, Dim Fire, Ada and Transparent Object.
Italo calvino (1923- 1985): one of the most influential Italian writers in the world and one of the masters of contemporary European literature. His main works are: Viscount in Two, Argentine Ant, Knight Without Existence, etc. His works are unique and he is good at writing novels in the form of fairy tales.
Pound (1885- 1972): the main initiator of the Imagist Movement and the leader of modern literature. 192 1 moved to Paris. During his stay in Paris and London, he not only continued to write, but also explored and cultivated talents and made extensive friends with European and American literary circles, making a unique contribution to breaking the silence of British and American literature, especially British and American poetry, and promoting the "revival" of American literature. His major works are Mask (1909), Counter-Terrorism Elite (19 12), Sacrifice (19 16) and Hugh Silverman Maubere. Pound was a student of Ye Zhi, a close friend of James Joyce, a classmate of Eliot, and a teacher of Hemingway. He gave them great help and influence. These four people are all modernists.
Proust (187 1 year-1922): marcel proust, a great French novelist, was a master of stream-of-consciousness novels in the 20th century. 1In June, 984, the French magazine Reading published the top ten "greatest writers" in Europe selected by newspapers in France, Spain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Britain and Italy according to their readers, ranking second and Proust sixth. Representative works include Memories of the Past and so on.
Rilke (1875— 1926): one of the most influential poets in modern German literature. Rilke opened up a new field for poetry through his life-long creative practice. In this field, he showed the beauty of music and modeling, especially in his later poems, which played the role of German language and expressed some difficult contents, thus expanding the possibility of artistic expression in poetry creation and having a beneficial impact on the development of modern poetry.
Gorky (1868- 1936): a great proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union, "the greatest representative of proletarian art" (in Leninist), the founder of socialist and realistic literature, the mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature and the founder of Soviet literature. Gorky's extraordinary experiences in his early years are vividly described in his famous autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth and My University. The suffering of the world and the bitterness of life have honed his fighting spirit; In addition to heavy work, he also studies hard by himself. The experience and profound understanding of the painful life of the people at the bottom of society has become an inexhaustible source of his creation.
Robert Geyer (1922-2008): movie master, the founder of the French "new novel" school. Geyer's works won the highest literary prize in France 1998 for their unique quality and lofty influence. His achievements in literature have won him many titles, such as "leader of the new novel school", "Pope of the new novel" and "midnight devil".
Zola (1840- 1902): an important French writer of critical realism and the leader of the naturalistic literary school. He wrote dozens of novels in his life, represented by Germination. Germination, which describes the strike struggle, and Collapse, which reflects the Franco-Prussian War, the collapse of the Second Empire and the uprising of the Paris Commune, are his most important works. 1908, the governments of France * * * and China held a state funeral for Zola for his outstanding contribution to French literature before his death, which made him enter the Great Man Temple.
Valery (187 1- 1945): French symbolism master. His poems indulge in philosophy, tend to be true in heart and pursue perfection in form. His works include Old Poems (1890 ~ 1900), Youth Destiny (19 17), Fantasy Collection (1922) and so on. His poems cling to philosophy, tend to be true in heart, and often express philosophical themes such as life and death, soul and flesh, eternity and change with symbolic artistic conception, and are known as "the greatest poet in France in the 20th century".
Lawrence (1885- 1930): English writer and poet, the most unique and controversial writer in Britain in the 20th century, is called "one of the greatest figures in the history of English literature". Lawrence's creation was influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, and his works explored family, marriage and sex in detail. Among them, the in-depth description of love once caused great sensation and controversy, which had a wide impact on the novel creation in the 20 th century. During his nearly twenty years' creative career, this immortal literary master left the world more than ten novels, three travel notes, three collections of short stories, several collections of poems, essays and letters. Representative novels include Women in Love, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Rainbow, Sons and Lovers, etc. The Rainbow and Women in Love discuss the love issue with extraordinary enthusiasm and depth, which represent the highest achievement of Lawrence's novel creation.
Manjiestam: One of the most influential Russian poets in the 20th century, he was once called "the poet among poets". 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature winner Brodsky claimed that Mangeshtam was more qualified to stand on the podium than himself. O Manjieshitam's works pay tribute to ancient civilization and traditional culture in a surreal way, and attack and satirize the real society. These comprehensive qualities revealed in his poems have made his reputation transcend national boundaries and become a figure alongside world-class masters such as Eliot, Rilke, Valery and Ye Zhi.
Woolf (1882- 194 1 year): a British woman writer, who is regarded as one of the pioneers of modernism and feminism in the 20th century. During the two world wars, Woolf was the core figure in London's literary world. Her most famous novels include Mrs. Dalloway, A Passage to the Lighthouse and Jacob's Room. Woolf is regarded as one of the greatest novelists in the 20th century and a pioneer of modernist literature. She has made many innovations in English language, trying to write novels with the method of stream of consciousness, trying to describe people's subconscious mind. Edward morgan forster called her English "a small step in the bright direction". Her achievements and innovations in literature are still influential today.