Three Officials and Three Farewells is Du Fu's classic masterpiece. Du Fu deeply observed people's sufferings all his life, and his works also reflected people's miserable lives. At the same time, it also profoundly wrote the sufferings of the people and the loneliness of their life experiences in troubled times, revealed the great misfortune and suffering brought to the people by the war, and expressed the author's sympathy for the people devastated by the war and his hatred of the war.
The poet uses the monologue tone of the old man complaining and sighing, comforting others, that is, masturbating, to express the complex psychological state of the characters, sometimes heavy and angry, and sometimes broad-minded and relieved. This changeable emotional tone determines the structural level of the whole poem, making it more rigorous and orderly, and the plot is ups and downs.
Extended data
The background of the new officials:
In the winter of the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong, Guo Ziyi recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang. Soon, he, Li Guangbi, Wang Sili and other 9 troops advanced and attacked the rebels in An Qingxu with 200,000 troops in Yecheng (namely Xiangzhou, now Anyang, Henan). The situation is very gratifying.
However, the fatuous Tang Suzong and Hengli don't trust the troops of Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi. They didn't set up a commander-in-chief, but only sent eunuch Yu Chaoen to comfort Guan Junrong. As a result, the army was not unified and morale was low. The two armies were deadlocked until the following spring, and Shi Siming reinforced them. Tang Jun was defeated by Yecheng. Guo Ziyi surrendered to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and the rest of the troops fled to their respective guards.
An Qingxu and Shi Siming almost occupied Luoyang again. Fortunately, Guo Ziyi led his northern army to break the Heyang Bridge, which prevented Anshi's army from going south. After World War I, the loyalist troops were scattered and died, and the soldiers were in urgent need of replenishment. So the court ordered conscription. Du Fu returned to Huazhou from Luoyang, passed by Xin 'an, saw the conscription, and wrote this poem.
Shi's creative background:
In the spring of 759 (the second year of Tang Suzong Gan Yuan), Du Fu, who was 48 years old, was demoted from Zuo Shiyi to join the army in Sigong, Huazhou. He left Luoyang, passed Xin 'an, Shi Hao and Tongguan, stayed overnight, traveled widely, and arrived at Huazhou as a post station. Wherever he went, he was devastated and the people were miserable, which caused a strong emotional shock to the poet.
At that time, Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi, etc. had a rate of 200,000, the so-called 600,000, and surrounded An Qingxu in Yecheng. Due to Susong's suspicion and the appointment of eunuchs, the command was not unified and was restrained by Shi Siming reinforcements. In the end, the whole army was wiped out because of fear, which caused even greater disasters to the people.
In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu was continuing his westward journey from Xin 'an County, living in Shihao Village, and met officials and soldiers who arrested people late at night, so he wrote this immortal poem according to what he saw and heard.