Crosstalk Primary school students have some difficulties in learning ancient poetry, so they need word-for-word dialogue to eliminate language barriers. General words can inspire students to speak; Difficulties in ancient poetry, such as ancient and modern synonyms, interchangeable words, flexible use of parts of speech, ellipsis sentences, inverted sentences, etc. You need a teacher to talk about it. Translation method. Generally speaking, literal translation should be adopted to keep the meaning and sentence structure of the original text as much as possible. This can cultivate students' ability to accurately understand ancient poems and express their thoughts. Specific translation methods include reservation method, addition method, graphic method, shift method, substitution method and so on. Read aloud. The beauty of ancient poetry language can only be realized through repeated reading, so the teaching method of ancient poetry should take reading as the main means. When the teacher explains and analyzes the text, when the students answer questions, they should read the text with expressions in all aspects of teaching. By reading the text many times, students can "find" the meaning of some words from the up-down relationship of words, and then make a concrete analysis and explanation. Imagination. Poetry is created by imagination, and students should be guided to expand their imagination when teaching. The method is to let students combine the artistic image of poetry with their own life experience and think in images. By guiding students to expand their imagination, they can further understand the content of ancient poetry and deeply appreciate the beauty of artistic conception of ancient poetry. Self-conscious method. For short and pithy ancient poems, we can adopt conscious methods, that is, under the guidance of teachers, let students use their eyes, brains and hands to cultivate their minds and think independently; Let students explore the mystery of knowledge by themselves. This is an effective way to cultivate students' conscious ability. There are five steps in teaching: preview, practice reading, understanding, literal translation and appreciation.
Read aloud for taste. Reading aloud includes demonstration reading by teachers, individual reading by students and synchronous reading by teachers and students. The ancients said, "You can read a book a hundred times before you know its meaning." It can be seen that the process of reading aloud is the process of appreciation, and the role of reading aloud can not be underestimated. This is an effective and traditional way to learn ancient poetry. The first step to appreciate poetry is to read the taste carefully. Only by taking this step well can we say the second step to analyze and appreciate poetry. Most ancient poems rhyme. They are catchy, cadence, and have a musical beauty in themselves. Then, while guiding students to discuss and appreciate the ideological content of poetry, teachers are also influenced by music. Ancient poetry also pays great attention to the harmony of rhyme. When reading poetry, it has a strong sense of rhythm, just like singing. Therefore, when teachers guide students to read deeply, they actually enter the stage of feeling appreciation. When all the teachers and students in the class are shaking their heads and reciting, immersed in the unique artistic conception of poetry, it shows that the preliminary appreciation has produced good results. Let's discuss it together.
(A) reading to promote enlightenment
Promoting enlightenment by reading refers to reading pictures as the main part and poetry as the auxiliary part. Reading life runs through reading pictures and poems. After practice, I found that reading pictures in poetry can help students better grasp the content of the whole poem and better understand the essence of poetry. Then, with the help of reading poems, on the basis of looking at the pictures, let the students read the rhythm of poems according to their own experience and rhythm. In the process of reading poetry, students can use Putonghua or hometown dialect at an appropriate time as long as they can grasp the charm of poetry well. These are based on their understanding of life, so students must be prepared when preparing lessons and experience rural life when necessary, so as to better guide students in teaching.
(2) Enter through performance
In traditional teaching, "performance" is mainly to let students reproduce all the contents written in poetry through performance. This kind of performance focuses on cultivating students' ability to imitate the performance, and students can act if they can. However, we know that students' understanding of poetry is based on their own personal experience, so our "performance" in the teaching of ancient poetry should refer to letting students perform according to their own understanding of poetry, thus showing their own understanding of the situation, which can be shown when students perform. For example, students think that the most important thing in poetry is the mood of the protagonist, so students can perform with modern elements without going back to the ancient times and the poet's living conditions at that time, which is really a difficult challenge for primary school students. Since living in modern times, why not let students show the essence of poetry with modern elements? This can better stimulate students' innovative ability.
(C) looking for ways to promote thinking
In fact, "seeking to promote thinking" is to let students draw inferences from others and guide students to find poems with the same theme for comparative study, so as to promote students to think deeply and better grasp the theme of poems. "Look" here refers not only to the teacher's look, but also to the students' look.
(D) Evaluation promotes sublimation
Promoting sublimation by evaluation is mainly to let students evaluate other people's viewpoints when learning ancient poetry, and deepen their understanding of the theme of poetry in the collision of viewpoints. Evaluating other people's opinions and expressing their own ideas is a spiritual complaint, which is the biggest weakness of rural students, because they can't judge and dare not, and this evaluation is often ignored by rural teachers.
(E) writing to promote enlightenment
The so-called "promoting enlightenment by writing" means that when a teacher gives a complete poem, he gives students a certain amount of time or homework, so that students can write their own understanding of the poem in the form of prose or modern poetry, thus prompting students to understand the ideological content and feelings of the poem more deeply and truly apply what they have learned. Practice has proved that this kind of writing can make students understand the theme of poetry more deeply and feel the thoughts and feelings contained in ancient poetry more deeply, which is also of great benefit to improving students' writing enthusiasm and writing ability.
(6) Singing promotes memory.
Learning ancient poetry should be familiar with reading and reciting, but how to make students willing to recite and recite quickly? In teaching practice, we found a method to promote memorization by singing, that is, reciting poems by singing. Poems written by ancient poets were originally composed of chanting. Guo Moruo once said: "In the old society of China, there was a method of reciting ancient poems, which was close to singing, or it could be said that it was free singing without music." A common phenomenon in rural areas is that children only speak Mandarin in class and speak their hometown dialect after class. They also like to write some popular ballads in the language of their hometown. Teachers can use this to guide children to compose ancient poems that need to be recited into folk songs in the language and style of the local countryside (you can ask a special music teacher to help students compile them, or you can let students compile them themselves). This will not only make it easier for students to remember poems, but also help them compile them themselves.