1. How many years of history does the development of novels have?
1. The development of Chinese novels has a history of more than 2,500 years.
2. The word "novel" was first seen in "Zhuangzi · Foreign Things": "The husband is tired of uncovering the pole, and is interested in watering and filthy. He is guarding the trout, and it is difficult to catch a big fish; decorating the novel is to dry the county. "Zhuangzi thinks that these are all insignificant, so he calls them "novel", that is, "trivial words, not the place of Taoism" and "shallow knowledge of small ways", which are trivial and superficial remarks and small principles. Meaning is the original meaning of a novel as a novel.
3. The foundation of the novel has gone through more than 800 years of accumulation and precipitation in the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The novel was formally formed when history entered the Tang Dynasty.
4. Characters, plot, and environment are the three elements of a novel. The plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending, and some include prologue and epilogue. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. Novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and micro-novels (small novels) according to their length and capacity. According to the content of expression, it can be divided into science fiction, public case, legend, martial arts, romance, fan fiction, officialdom, etc. According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to the language form, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels. 2. Literary common sense in the history of the development of novels
The development path of ancient Chinese novels (pre-Qin - before the Opium War) is long and tortuous, starting from "breeding - prototype - maturity - transformation - prosperity" , embodies the hard work that the ancient people put in to create a national literary style and a national literary masterpiece.
Ancient Chinese novels were born in the ancient myths of the pre-Qin period. They have experienced the growth of miscellaneous histories of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and the maturity of legends of the Tang Dynasty. Finally, the glory of life is shown in the Ming and Qing chapter novels. In terms of style, ancient Chinese novels can be divided into two major systems: classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.
In terms of artistic origins, the budding state of Chinese novels can be traced back to ancient mythology. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is called "the ancestor of ancient and modern novels." The influence of pre-Qin historical biographies on novels is also obvious. "Warring States Policy" is regarded as one of the first novel genres - the beginning of miscellaneous historical novels because of its mature and complete narrative and the obvious fictional color of many of its chapters.
The first miscellaneous historical novel "Yan Danzi" appeared in the Han Dynasty, which is more legendary than the "Biography of Jing Ke" in "Historical Records: Biography of Assassins".
Chinese novels began to take shape in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The symbol was that the novels shifted from writing mainly about things to mainly writing about people and their character traits, thus determining the subject position of people in novels. According to the content, it can be divided into two categories: Zhiguai and Zhiren. The former mainly writes about gods, ghosts and weird and grotesque things, represented by "Sou Shen Ji" written by Qian Bao of the Jin Dynasty; the latter records trivial anecdotes about characters. The main representative is Liu Yiqing's "Shishuoxinyu" of the Southern Dynasties. This is also the first peak of classical Chinese novels.
The true maturity of ancient Chinese novels is the emergence and prosperity of legends in the Tang Dynasty. They are unmatched by the novels of the Six Dynasties in terms of richness of content, diversity of themes, imageability of characters, artistry of stories and vividness of writing. A series of excellent legendary novels have emerged, such as "The Legend of Everlasting Regret" by Chen Hong, "The Legend of the Pillow" by Shen Jiji, "The Biography of the Prefect of Nanke" by Li Gongzuo, "The Biography of Liu Yi" by Li Chaowei, and "Li Wa" by Bai Xingjian "The Biography", Jiang Fang's "The Biography of Huo Xiaoyu", Yuan Zhen's "The Biography of Yingying", Du Guangting's "The Biography of the Qiu Bearded Guest", etc. The content is mainly about romance, searching for strange things and remembering them, and the writing is graceful and gorgeous. It represents the highest achievement of the art of early classical Chinese novels and is the second peak of classical Chinese novels.
Storytelling novels appeared in the Song Dynasty. They were the basis for folk storytellers to tell history or give speeches. They were directly based on real life and expressed the voices of the citizens. For example, "Crushing the Jade Guanyin", "The Story of Kuaisui Li Cuilian", "The Mistaken Beheading of Cui Ning", etc. are all popular works and the earliest works of Chinese vernacular novels.
In the Ming Dynasty, literati imitated the style of Huaben and adapted it to create "Huahuaben", represented by "San Yan", "Er Pai" and "Yi Type", which were also the origins of ancient vernacular novels. The first peak. "Three Words" is a collection of three short stories selected and processed by Feng Menglong: "Essays to Tell the World", "Words to Warn the World", and "Words to Awaken the World". It inherits and innovates folk literature, and its realist spirit The form of short stories in vernacular has directly promoted the prosperity of vernacular scripts, and "Du Shiniang Sinks the Treasure Box in Anger" is its outstanding representative. "Er Pai" refers to Ling Mengchu's "Surprise at the First Moment" and "Surprise at the Second Moment". Compared with "Three Words", it pays more attention to the pursuit of novelty and ingenuity and emphasizes its own creative subject consciousness. "One type" is Lu Renlong's "Xing Shiyan". The creative spirit has changed from adaptation to originality, and it attaches great importance to the discussion and educational role of the novel.
The overall prosperity and glory of ancient Chinese novels is the comprehensive harvest and summary of the Ming and Qing chapter-style vernacular novels and classical Chinese short stories.
Vernacular novels mainly include: "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" written by Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties (the first vernacular historical novel and the pioneer of Zhanghui novels), "Water Margin" by Shi Naian (the first novel with the theme of peasant uprising A vernacular novel, the first of the heroic legend novels); "The Plum in the Golden Lotus" written by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng in the Ming Dynasty (the first of the independent creation of vernacular novels by literati, promoting the maturity and prosperity of worldly novels), Wu Chengen's "Journey to the West" (No. A long novel about gods and demons, an outstanding representative of romantic vernacular novels); "The Scholars" by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty (the master of Chinese satirical literature), "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin (the master of human affairs novels, ancient vernacular novels The peak and summary of the novel represent the highest achievement of vernacular novels, and it is a masterpiece with extremely rich connotations). This magnificent masterpiece builds the second peak of ancient vernacular novels. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" written by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of short stories in classical Chinese, representing the highest achievement of classical Chinese novels and the third peak of classical Chinese novels in ancient my country.
Library link: /link?url=VVSxAKHX6sz3MOVcBKvaVd1PKTP1KIxa58e6rsPopczC9T583UcU_to-FmIlQjSeQLGZFGnT_TXaA_y0USLzFLPRtH_2NLTgQII_zNbfW 3. History of the novel
The origin of the word "novel"
The earliest word "novel" Seen in "Zhuangzi · Foreign Things": "If you are tired of raising poles, pouring water, and guarding the trout, it will be difficult to catch big fish; if you pretend to be a county magistrate in a novel, you will be far away from Dada." "County" is The ancient word "Xuan" means high; "Ling" means beauty; "Qian" means pursuit. This means that if you hold a small fishing rod and a fishing line and run between irrigation ditches, you can only catch small fish such as loaches, but it is difficult to catch big fish. Relying on embellishing trivial remarks in order to gain a high reputation is far from the mysterious road. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many schools of thought and hundreds of schools of thought contending. In order to persuade princes to accept their ideas and doctrines, many scholars and strategists often used metaphors, cited historical events, cleverly borrowed myths, and often used fables to modify their words and enhance the effect of their articles. Zhuangzi believed that these are all trivial, so he called them "novel", which means "trivial words, not the place of Taoism" and "shallow knowledge of small ways", which means trivial and superficial remarks and trivial principles. This is the original meaning of a novel as a novel. In his "New Theory", Huan Tan said this about novels: "If the novelist combines the remaining short stories, draws recent examples and discusses them, and writes a short book, he will have considerable words to say about personal governance." ( The novel is still a short book about "governing the body and managing the family", rather than the "big road" for political transformation and the people) Ban Gu believes that the novel is "created by people who talk about street talk and Tao Ting Tu (same as "road")". , although he believes that novels are still small knowledge and trivial matters, but from another perspective, he touches on the characteristics of novels that emphasize fiction and are rooted in life. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the reformists Liang Qichao and others vigorously advocated the "revolution in the novel world", and the theory of novels took on a completely new look. The status of novels has increased unprecedentedly, and they are even regarded as the "soul of the nation", "the root of official history" and "the best literature". They are no longer insignificant "street talk" or "trivial remarks".
Classification of novels: 4. History of the development of modern Chinese novels
We regard Prelude to the Two Han Dynasties as the budding period of Chinese novels. During this period, myths, fables, historical biographies, "Unofficial history" and legends all contain elements of the art of fiction. "Novel is like poetry, which changed in the Tang Dynasty."
From the perspective of the development history of Chinese novels, Tang novels are a qualitative leap. When novels developed into the Song Dynasty, fundamental changes took place, which was the emergence of Huaben.
Classical Chinese novels gradually turned into a history of novels with vernacular novels as the mainstream; at the same time, classical Chinese short stories developed along its trajectory. In this way, the history of Chinese novels has developed interactively between classical Chinese and Bai ethnic groups.
The classical Chinese short stories of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties did not exceed the level of the Song Dynasty in terms of quantity or quality. However, the development clues are not broken, and there are some more influential collections.
The classical Chinese short stories of the Ming Dynasty occupied an important position in the history of the development of classical Chinese novels. The Ming Dynasty was also an era when vernacular short stories flourished. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was a boom in the creation of imitative scripts.
After "Dream of Red Mansions", novel creation went into a trough. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that novels flourished again. To sum up, the history of the development of ancient Chinese novels is generally as follows: before the Song Dynasty, short novels in classical Chinese developed in a single line; in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, classical Chinese, vernacular, novels, short stories, and multi-line development showed a multi-faceted state. 5. Looking for classic historical novels
New Song Dynasty
Author A Yue
A historical fantasy novel he started writing in 2004, which took place in Xining, Northern Song Dynasty The story of the years (1620 in Kongli and after 1069 in Yeli).
"New Song Dynasty" describes the story of a contemporary history college student who returned to the Northern Song Dynasty and used thousands of years of accumulated knowledge to reform all aspects of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The work has rich imagination. The protagonist looks at everything in the Northern Song Dynasty from the perspective of a contemporary person, and allows him to come into contact and collide with various outstanding figures in history. It gives people the pleasure of reading. At the same time, it contains profound thoughts. It makes people have a strong desire to think after covering the book.
The narrative structure of the work is huge, covering almost all aspects of the society of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, including politics, economy, culture, civilian life, handicraft conditions, etc., all of which give a clear and clear picture of the situation, thus It depicts a comprehensive scenery picture of the entire Northern Song Dynasty, leading readers to be immersed in the Song Dynasty in 1069.
The grand background structure and exciting plot developments are all in "New Song Dynasty"! 6. Ranking of the top ten outstanding classic historical novels. Which historical novel is the best?
There are so many
The Knight Riding School
-----"The Unparalleled Warriors"
Historical novel,
Strictly speaking, it should be counted as a prequel to The Age of Orange and Red. Please note that it is a prequel to The Age of Orange and Red, while The Iron Age can only be considered a prequel to Liu Ziguang alone. I believe smart readers have understood.
---- "The Iron Age"
History,
What is mentioned above is a prequel to Liu Ziguang alone.
------ "The Age of Orange"
Fierce urban battles,
The first printing of this book was 150,000 copies, setting a new record for online novels. "The Age of Orange" has been at the top of the 17k hits list for several months, with total hits exceeding 100 million. The heroic image Liu Ziguang created in the Orange Age has left a deep impression on the majority of online readers.
------ "Martial Arts Empire"
History,
1. It's not a martial arts theme, don't be scared by the pretentiousness at the beginning 2. Yes Shuangshu 3. It should be better than "The Iron Age", after all, it is the first book
------"The Counterattack of the Common Man"
*** Silk Counterattack is the story of Liu Ziguang's cousin Liu Handong
The Drunkard
------"Qin"
Historical novel, the first work written by the Drunkard
------"Ming"
Alternate history, The Drunkard's second novel became famous in one fell swoop. It became popular in the world of online literature and was known as "the first of alternate history novels". The originator".
------"The Smoke and Clouds of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty",
One of the "Trilogy of Sui and Tang Dynasties", established his irreplaceable important position in the field of fictional historical novels
p>
------"Sui Rebellion"
(The online version was originally called "Homeland") History, one of the "Sui and Tang Trilogy", has millions of readers on 17K Novel Network, traditional Chinese The Chinese version has set an impressive sales record, ranking on the best-seller lists of Taiwan's three major bookstore chains: Jinshi Tang, Eslite, and Blog Lai. It has also signed a contract with a film and television company and will soon be put on the screen. The Thai version of "Rebellion of the Sui Dynasty" became China's first online novel to be translated into a foreign language and published.
I am a cat
------"Da Ming 1937"
Historical time travel
The total number of clicks has reached 3954942, and it has end. It belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and includes descriptions of blitzkrieg, armored warfare, submarine warfare, air combat, espionage warfare, etc.
Apo
------"The Prisoner of Tonggong"
Oriental Fantasy
Now renamed "The Code of Shan Hai Jing" ", written based on China's oldest classic "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", reproduces the geography and humanistic customs of ancient times. By the end of 2011, the first volume had sold more than 300,000 copies, successfully entering physical publishing.
------"Bian Rong"
Historical time travel
Taking the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty and the rise of the Jurchens as the background, it is about two million words in length. It lasted about one and a half years and set many records during the serialization period. It was one of the most influential historical novels in online literature in 2006-07. In 2009, it was sponsored by the Chinese Writers Association, China Writers Publishing Group and Chinese Online It was shortlisted as one of the top 100 novels of the decade in the "Ten Years' Review of Internet Literature".
------"East China Sea Massacre" is an imaginary history, with the theme of Ming Dynasty pirates, opening up an unprecedented field of online literature 7. Looking for famous historical novels
Wow , you also like history. . Me too, I really like it. . Let me recommend some interesting and useful historical novels to you! 1. "The Great Qin Empire", the one written by Sun Haohui:
The first "Black Fission", the protagonists Shang Yang and Qin Xiaogong
The second "National Destiny", Su Qin, Zhang Yi
The third part "Golden Arms and Iron Horse", Bai Qi, Wei Zhen, Fan Ju
The fourth part "The Spring and Autumn Period", Lu Buwei
The fifth part The first "Iron-blooded Civilization", the King of Qin conquered Liuhe
The sixth "Empire Beacon", conquered the unjust and punished the Qin Dynasty
I like the fourth and second books best; < /p>
2. "Eighteen Historical Briefs of Novel", written by Chen Shunchen.
Spring and Autumn and Warring States, Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang Empire, and Two Song Dynasties
< p> I don’t think I’ve read it, but I’ve read one or two chapters, and I feel very good about it.In addition: "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty" is very good, but everyone may have read it, and it is not a novel;
"The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty" and "The Complete Works of Hu Xueyan" written by Gao Yang "Biography" etc. You can go check it out! 8. Detailed information on the history of the development of novels.
After a long period of gestation, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese novels took shape. In terms of content, the novels of this period can be roughly divided into two categories: "strange novels" and "anecdotal novels".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, religious superstitions prevailed in society, and short stories about gods and ghosts continued to appear. A large number of "magic novels" about ghosts and gods appeared in large numbers. There are more than 30 kinds preserved to this day. Among them, Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" has the highest achievement and is the representative of this type of novel.
"Strange novels" in the early stages of novel development are generally just rough outlines, aiming to prove the existence and inspiration of heaven and the netherworld. However, there are also works with the scale of short stories, such as "Search". "Gan Jiang Moye" in "The Legend of Gods" records a thrilling and tortuous story in a short space.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the trend of criticizing characters was prevalent, so "anecdotal novels" that recorded anecdotes about characters flourished. The one that has been relatively completely preserved to this day is "Shishuoxinyu". It is a collection of "anecdotal novels" from the initial period, and was compiled by Liu Yiqing (403~444).
Most of "Shishuoxinyu" describes the "gentlemen's demeanor" of the gentry class, and some records the tyranny of the Jin Sima family and the hedonistic life of the wealthy gentry. In addition, there are also contents praising good people and good deeds. . The artistic success of "Shishuoxinyu" is that it is good at outlining characters through characteristic details, cleverly combines narrative with narrative, and its language is concise, implicit, and meaningful. "Shishuoxinyu" is the prototype of Chinese notebook novels and has a profound influence on later literature. Many of its stories are often used as creative materials by later generations of writers.
By the Tang Dynasty, Chinese novels had undergone obvious changes. Although the subject matter was still inseparable from the search for gods and suoyi, compared with the novels of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the plots were more tortuous and complete, the characters were more distinct, and the diction was more sophisticated. More gorgeous, the structure is wider.
In the Tang Dynasty, novels were called legends. The emergence of Tang Dynasty legends marks the maturity of Chinese short stories. Because it has gone beyond the scope of recording rumors and anecdotes, and has become a conscious creation of literati. Legends of the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into three categories:
1. Stories of gods and monsters. This is a fairy and weird novel that directly inherits the notebook novels. Famous works include Shen Jiji's "The Story of the Pillow" and Li Gongzuo's "The Biography of the Prefect of Nanke". These two works satirize the feudal scholars who were eager for fame and wealth.
2? Love story. This part is the most valuable work among the legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty. For example, "The Biography of Li Wa", "The Biography of Yingying", "The Biography of Huo Xiaoyu", "The Biography of Ren", "The Biography of Liu Yi", etc. are all famous works. Most of them praise steadfast love, condemn the persecution of women by feudal ethics, and create a series of images of women striving for happy marriages.
"The Biography of Liu Yi" tells the romantic story of Liu Yi, a failed scholar, who sent a letter to the Dongting Dragon Girl who was tortured by marriage, so that she could be liberated. After going through ups and downs, the two finally got married. Character description is the most successful part of this novel. Liu Yi's justice, Long Nu's affection, and Qiantang Jun's fiery personality are all vividly portrayed. It uses fantasy to reflect reality and has a great influence on later generations of literature.
"The Story of Li Wa" tells the story of Li Wa and the son of Duke Xingyang, two lovers with very different statuses, who went through ups and downs and finally achieved happiness. . The novel has rich characters, twists and turns in the plot, and clear writing style.
3? Chivalrous story. This type of works describes the heroic behavior of chivalrous heroes who punish the strong and help the weak. Representative works include "The Legend of Red Thread" and "The Legend of Xie Xiao'e".
Tang Dynasty Legends not only surpasses previous novels in terms of subject matter and ideas, but also makes great achievements in art. In Tang legends, many chapters describe a character's experiences in a certain period or life to show the character's personality and ideological development. Tang Dynasty Legend is the beginning of the Chinese-style novel form. Its structure is short, but it has begun to take on the outline of a full-length novel. 9. Historical records of novels I have read
Novel: A literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete storylines and environmental descriptions.
Characters, plot, and environment are the three elements of a novel. The plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending, and some include prologue and epilogue. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. Novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and micro-novels (small novels) according to their length and capacity. According to the content of expression, it can be divided into science fiction, public case, legend, martial arts, romance, fan fiction, officialdom, etc. According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to the language form, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.
Novels, poetry, prose, and drama are also known as the "four major literary genres".
Methods of describing characters in novels: psychological description, action description, language description, appearance description, and demeanor description.
Historical records of novels you have read. Who knows what novels you have read?