Appreciation of Yongmei's Poetry
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Wang Wei
You have just come from our hometown, and we must understand the world.
Did the plum blossom when you came to the engraved window of my house?
To annotate ...
(1) Tomorrow: indicate the day before delivery.
(2) Flush windows: beautifully carved windows.
3 flowering: flowering.
Comment and analysis
This is a poem about homesickness. There are three original poems, and this is the second one. This poem describes the homesickness of the protagonist simply and vividly through simple description. For the homeless, there are many things worth remembering in my hometown. However, the poem is not about mountains and rivers, customs and customs, but about "opening its first cold flower?" ? "It is really" the details see the spirit ",which is unique in simplicity, full of charm and lifelike.
Chinese plum
Wang Anshi
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
[explanation]
There are some plum blossoms in the corner, blooming alone in the cold. Why do you know from a distance that Bai Meihua is not snow? That's because there is a faint plum blossom fragrance.
[Appreciation]
Among the poems about plum blossoms sung by the ancients, one is quite famous, that is, Xiaomei in the Garden in the Mountains written by Lin Bu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty before the author. In particular, the poem "Shadows are shallow and dusk is fragrant" is known as Yongmei's swan song. Lin Bu, who has never been an official, married and had children, and lived alone on the hillside of an isolated mountain near the West Lake, growing plums and raising cranes, living in seclusion. Therefore, when he wrote Yongmei's poems, he could only express his lofty thought of being divorced from social reality. The author's poems are different. He skillfully borrowed Lin Bu's poems, but he was able to bring forth the new. Look at the plum blossoms he wrote. They are as white as snow. They grow in the corner without inferiority, and they exude a fragrance from a distance. The poet described the purity and beauty of plum blossom with snow by appreciating its noble character of not being afraid of cold, and pointed out that plum blossom has a "dark fragrance" more than snow, which shows the great charm of a strong and noble personality. In the extremely complicated and difficult situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, the author actively reformed, but failed to get support. His lonely mentality and difficult situation naturally have something in common with Meihua. This little poem has profound implications, and the sentences are simple and natural, without any traces of carving.
Ode to Plum Blossoms (Bu Suan)
Lu you
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what.
Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain.
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care.
Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual.
The author notes "Yongmei" in this poem "The Operator", but it is implicit, just like Mr. Lian Xi (Zhou Dunyi) "only loves lotus flowers without staining mud, not being a demon", taking lotus flowers as a metaphor, and the author takes plum blossoms as a metaphor.
Lu You once praised plum blossom "The more awe-inspiring the snow, the stronger the integrity in the flower" ("Falling Plum"). Plum blossoms are so beautiful and unique that they are above all flowers, but now they are open outside the country post station, close to the broken bridge. Nature is cold, lonely, indifferent and left out. From this sentence, we can know that it is neither a plum in the government nor a plum in a famous garden, but a "wild plum" growing in a remote suburb. It doesn't get the care it deserves and no one appreciates it. With the metabolism of the four seasons, it opens silently and withers silently. Everything is lonely. Look around blankly.-Who cares? This is a plum without a master. In the sentence "Loneliness without the owner", the poet poured his feelings into the objective scenery. The first sentence is the scenery language, which is already the language of love.
Sunset dusk, twilight hazy, how can this lonely plum bear this desolation? It has only "troubles"-and it is "alone troubles". These words echo the "loneliness" of the previous sentence. Moreover, it happened that at this time, the wind blew again and it rained. The word "tiller" is equally powerful, describing the difficult situation of plum blossom. However, despite the cold environment, it is still "open"! It, "all trees are cold and colorless, and the south branch is alone" (Daoyuan); It, "dare to spend it in Xiang Xue, the only tree attracts the spring of the world" (Yang Weizhen). In short, judging from the above four sentences, this pressure on plum blossoms is everywhere, in the sky and underground, but all this was finally broken by it, because it was still open! Who is the winner? It should be said that it is plum blossom!
Shang Kun concentrated on the difficult situation of Meihua, and it did have "troubles". From an artistic point of view, when the author writes his worries, he does not use the usual metaphors of poets and poets to write such worries, but uses environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast them. Kuang Zhouyi said: "Words take God from a distance and only describe the scenery, while God speaks for himself. This is a master." () That is to say, the poet describes so many "landscapes" in order to get the "divine inspiration" of plum blossoms; "Those who are deeper than romance are good at writing landscapes" (Tian Tongzhi's xipu Ci). The last four sentences can be said to be "double painting of scenes"
There's a message from Temple.
Plum blossom, it blooms the earliest. "All the trees are frozen and ready to fold, and the lonely roots are warm and lonely" (Miracle); "I don't know if the recent spray started first, but I suspect it didn't disappear after the winter snow" (Zhang Wei). It is it that ushered in spring. But it "has no intention of fighting for spring." In spring, hundreds of flowers are in full bloom, competing for novelty and beauty, while plum blossoms do not "compete for spring". Han Ling started first, just to welcome a little sincerity in spring. People who are "bitter" are desperate, desperate and try their best. Satire the square group from the side. Plum blossoms don't mean to compete for spring. If Fang Qun is jealous, it's their own business. Let's be jealous for a while. Here, writing and writing are completely intertwined. The ruthlessness of flowers and trees is a natural phenomenon, and saying "striving for spring" is a metaphor. "Jealousy" is not owned by vegetation. These two sentences show Lu Wei's arrogance, never interacting with spoilers, inviters and flatterers, and his arrogance of not being afraid of slander, loyalty and self-control.
The last words. By going up one flight of stairs, the "unique height" of plum blossom, said: "Scattered into mud, ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged". The previous sentence inherited the miserable situation of loneliness, sunset, wind and rain, etc. These seven words were frustrated four times: "falling", which was unbearable to be destroyed by sudden wind and rain, and plum blossoms fell one after another. This is the first floor. It's on the second floor. Mud and water are mixed. You can't tell which is the flower and which is the mud. Judging from the word "grinding", it shows the ruthlessness of the abuser and the great pressure of the abuser, which is the third layer. As a result, plum blossoms were trampled and turned to dust. This is the fourth floor. You see, the fate of plum blossoms is so tragic that it is almost unbearable to read. But the author's purpose is by no means to arouse people's sympathy just to write about the tragic experience of plum blossoms; In terms of writing techniques, it is still paving the way and getting ready to go, in order to reach the peak of the next meaning. Although the plum blossom has withered, it has been trampled into dirt and crushed into dust. Please see, "only the fragrance will remain unchanged", but its "unique rhyme" fragrance will never change, and it will not change at all.
The last sentence has great power to carry the tripod, awakening the whole article, and throwing the unfortunate situation of plum blossoms ahead, the bleak, declining and sad situation that wind and rain hit, withered and fell, and turned into dust, to the outside of the cloud nine at once. It is "the last sentence depends on the end" (Zhuo Renyue's Ci Tong). The reason why this "festival" can be "imagined" is precisely because this word is very successful in the use of metaphor, which left us a very deep impression and became Yongmei's masterpiece.
Yamagata Xiaomei
Limbu
Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms.
Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood golden urn.
Lin Bu (967- 1028) was born in Qiantang, Northern Song Dynasty. After his death, he was named "Mr. He Jing", and Mr. Lin Hejing's poems were handed down from generation to generation. He is lonely and poor, and he is suffering from machinery. He has never been an official or married in his life. He lives in seclusion in the lonely mountain of West Lake, and enjoys planting plums and raising cranes, so he is known as the "Plum Wife Crane". It is said that he has not been to this city for twenty years. Before he died, he wrote a poem "Mao Ling asked for a manuscript another day, but I'm still glad there is no book for meditation" to clarify his mood. He is quite proud of his behavior, saying that he is more noble than Sima Xiangru. This poem seems to contain the allegory of Zen. Therefore, later generations Gao Zhu wrote a sentence in "Worship Mr. Lin Hejing's Tomb": "In my lifetime, I have become famous all over the world. Who asked my descendants from behind? "
His poems appeared and disappeared in the late Tang Dynasty, and were deeply influenced by Jia Dao and Yao He. Its style is plain and clear, with unique style. Most of the content is to express interest in mountains and lakes. The predecessors elaborated that his poems were "small, but not heavy enough." I think poetry is valuable in depicting temperament, and it is fair to judge its style according to the author's own situation and personal subjective ideology.
Mr. He Jingfu has been with Mei all his life, and many of his works are praised by later generations, but not all of them are excellent. For example, his poem "I stand beside the sky without hesitation, and I hope I won't see it every year." I'm surprised that the powder is too broken, and Kitty seems to be dry. Ji Xiaolan was a gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty, but he was rated as "vulgar". Why? "It can be seen that this is his improvisation. However, his Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden has been praised and quoted. Especially, the couplets of "thin shadow" and "faint fragrance" in the poem are graceful and restrained, and become Yongmei's swan song. His poems are as follows:
Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms.
Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood golden urn.
The first couplet of this poem is about Meihua alone. The phrase "a hundred flowers blossom" is in sharp contrast with the withering and bright plum blossoms. The implication expresses the will to set off the unique posture of plum blossom.
"Bring all kinds of customs to the small garden" takes sentences as a supplementary description in front. The word "occupation" means that the plum blossom is among them, and the scenery of the small garden is completely dominated by it. Also like a poet expressing his purity, it means that everyone is muddy and I am lonely.
Zhuan Xu's posture of writing plum flowers. "sideways combing shadow" means that plum blossoms are reflected in shallow water, and the word "horizontal" indicates the leisurely state of plum blossoms. In particular, plum blossoms flutter gently in the twilight, which is even more graceful. This is not about plum blossom, but about a beautiful young girl!
The neckline writes the beauty of plum blossoms from the side. "Frosty birds want to go down" and "sneak peek". This word "stealing" is full of fun, vividly writing the love for plum blossoms, right now. The second way of writing, such as "Butterflies Know", makes it "soul-catching". The author's imaginary pen really expresses "frost bird" and "pink butterfly", not to mention people. It should also be a portrayal of the poet's heart.
Then, from plum blossom to human, the tail couplet falls on the poet's feelings for plum blossom. It's really a whisper to Mei: Fortunately, I'm close to you, whispering poems for you, so why play a music feast? The author's passionate confession is both unique and touching.
From the whole article, the poet endowed Mei with vivid and anthropomorphic techniques, with light and elegant language and unpretentious feelings. But the poem "Zhuan Xu" is an epigram, and its style does not seem to be similar to the rest of the sentence. In particular, I think the words used in couplets are implicit, straightforward and have no aftertaste. It is easy to get two couplets in the middle of the seven laws, and it is rare to conclude sentences, especially it is not easy to create words and ideas. Mr. He Jingfu's ambition is clean and clear. Why? Is there something else to hide, or is the author of the poem exhausted and unable to extricate himself from the mountains and lakes?
After reading this poem, I only have the above doubts. Even so, this poem can be handed down from generation to generation. Besides, I deeply love his son's romantic life, which makes the ancients elegant. To analyze his poems, the first thing is to reward him.