The author of Car Wash Horse (After Beijing) is Du Fu, who was selected as the second17 volume of the whole Tang poetry. This poem was written in the spring and February of 759 AD (the second year of Gan Yuan), that is, Luoyang after the recovery of Chang 'an and Luoyang and before the defeat of Xiangzhou in Tang Jun. At that time, the situation of the counter-insurgency war was very good and there was great hope for revival. So there are many words of joy and longing in the poem. This poem has four rhymes, each rhyme has twelve sentences, and has its own paragraphs.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi selected Du Fu's poems and advertised them as masterpieces (see Wang Linchuan Collection, Volume 84, Preface to Old Du Fu's Poems). Modern scholars believe that Washing the Car Horse is a masterpiece of Du Fu's poetry, whether it is rich in feelings or meticulous in writing.
original text
Wash Terracotta Warriors (after receiving Beijing)
Author: Tang Du Fu
Zte will accept Shandong, the book night newspaper. And light people said, a reed in the past, Hu Weiwei's life is ruined.
Only the remnants of Yecheng are left, which will pay off in a few days and make an infinite contribution to the north. Shi Jing rode a bloody horse and fed the meat grape palace in Uighur.
I have always been gratified by the imperial power, and I have always been thinking about the gods. Three-year flute, Guan Shanyue, in front of soldiers from all over the world, everything is wind.
Great achievements turn small, while Guo Xiang's deep and rare. Situ Qingjian hangs a mirror, and his ministers are angry.
It's time for two or three heroes to come out, and it's time to rectify the situation. Going east has no memory of perching, and flying south has a nesting bird.
Youth comes back with a crown, and purple is forbidden to resist fireworks. The crane is forbidden to stay up all night, and the crow asks the sleeping dragon.
It is impossible to climb the dragon and attach the phoenix, and the world will become a prince. Do you know that you can't boast of your strength when you come to the right place?
Guanzhong not only retained the prime minister Xiao, but also reused the curtain. Zhang Gong was a river traveler all his life and was nine feet long.
Strive for the opportunity to meet the storm and help the top management know how to make a good plan. What's more, a white horse in a blue robe? This week is another prosperous time in the later Han Dynasty.
Every inch of land is a tribute, and Kiki competes to send it. I don't know which country caused the white ring, but a silver urn was found in the mountains.
Hermits don't sing Zizhi songs, and poets write Heqing praises. Tian Jia looks forward to drought and rain, and Du Fu urges spring planting everywhere.
The athletes on Qi are lazy, and the women in the south of the city are worried about their dreams. Andrew's brave men are all guarding the Tianhe River, so they often don't need to wash their nails.
To annotate ...
General: Guo Ziyi, etc.
Shandong: This refers to Hebei.
Yecheng: In Anyang, Henan Province today.
Shuo Fang: Guo Ziyi, our special envoy.
Hanma: BMW produced in border areas.
Shanglinyuan in Han Dynasty.
Haidai: Today's Shandong coast.
Kongtong: The mountain name is in the west of Pingliang, Gansu.
Wang Cheng: It refers to the later Tang Daizong Li Yu.
Si Tuleideng: refers to proofreading Si Tuleideng and Li Guangbi.
Shangshu: It refers to Wang Sili, the Shangshu of the Ministry of War.
Crane frame: the prince's car.
Mondiri: Rely on the emperor.
Prime Minister Xiao: Xiao He in the Han Dynasty refers to the government.
Zhang Zifang: Sean in Han Dynasty, referring to Zhang Gao.
Conscription: To be called up to be an official.
Silver urn: "Filial piety helps the gods" contains: the gods nourish the liquid with silver urn, and cannot be complacent.
Zi Qu Zhi is composed of four hermits called "Four big noble" at the end of Qin Dynasty.
Ode to Heqing: Ode to Heqing by Song Wendi Yuanjia Bao Zhao.
Qi: Qishui, near Yecheng.
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When modern readers come into contact with ancient poetry, they often think that there are many masterpieces with realistic criticism, but there are few "ode" poems. Du Fu's Washing Terracotta Warriors is an exception. There is a saying in the poem that "the poet wrote an ode to Heqing" (during 424-453 AD, that is, during the reign of Emperor Yuanjia of the Southern Song Dynasty, the river and economy were all clear, and Bao Zhao praised Heqing). This poem itself can be said to be an enthusiastic ode to Heqing.
The first paragraph (from "General Zhongxing will take Shandong" to "A grass and a tree in front of all the troops") begins with praising the miraculous changes in the war situation. Thanks to the efforts of General Zhongxing, the Tang Dynasty recovered a large area of land east of Huashan, including Hebei Province, and good news came day and night. To borrow three words, it is easy to defeat the enemy, and the collapse of Anshi rebellion has become a "broken bamboo" trend. At that time, An Qingxu was trapped in Yecheng, so he said, "Only Yecheng can survive in a few days." . Reviving the great cause has a lot to do with being a good general. "Being the sole North's infinite contribution" is not only an affirmation and praise of Guo Ziyi's position and achievements in the counterinsurgency war at that time, but also an expression of his will, hoping that the imperial court would trust the generals to make infinite contributions to the recovery. There are many descriptions above. The sentence "Shi Jing" depicts two pictures showing victory and festive atmosphere: officials coming and going on Chang 'an Avenue riding famous horses produced in the frontier, and the spring breeze is proud; Uighurs who made contributions in the war were treated and eaten at Pu Tao Palace. The word "feed" is vivid, and the objective description is slightly ironic. From the sentence of Shu Jie Bao Ye to this point, every sentence affirms the significance of war and success. The readers are almost overwhelmed with the fast pace, just like folding bamboo. The meaning below is slightly changed, and the meaning above ends with the sentence "I have always been satisfied with Huang Wei's Qinghai Dai". At that time, Hebei had not fully recovered, and it seemed that the words "Qinghai Dai" were measured; The sentence "Chang Sixian moved to Kongtong Mountain" is a revelation, which is intended to warn Tang Suzong to be prepared for danger in times of peace, and not to forget the hard days of going back and forth to Kongtong Mountain. Then there is "Three Years of the Flute", which makes the trauma caused by the war very general. The Anshi Rebellion lasted for three years, and the people were in dire straits. Together with the first couplet, this couplet remembers the past, draws lessons from the past, is solemn and stirring, and makes small twists and turns in cheerful words, instead of just flowing away, expressing the author's excited and complicated mood as much as possible.
In the second paragraph (from "Great Success and Small Heart" to "Xiao Lou who sleeps in the dragon when the cock crows"), the word "General Zhongxing" is reversed, and Li Yu, Guo Ziyi and others are praised in an extravagant and parallel way. "Wang Cheng" was the marshal of the world's military forces when it regained two capitals. "Great achievements turn small", praising him for being more cautious after making great achievements. Then he praised Guo Ziyi's strategy, Li Guangbi's insight and Wang Sili's lofty bearing. Among the four sentences, the first two sentences are straight, while the last two sentences are slightly metaphorical, and the arrangement ratio has changed. Praise not only conforms to everyone's identity and deeds, but also expresses admiration for the "Haojun" who made great contributions to the great cause of recovery. "No.23 Hao Jun came out at the right time" always means that they were born to reorganize Gan Kun. The following six sentences, titled "It's time to rectify the situation of Gankun and save the economy", are light-hearted: an official plays a title to celebrate, so it's not necessary to abandon his official to avoid chaos; Ordinary people can live and work in peace and contentment, like birds returning to their nests; The prosperous scene of spring is returning to the palace with the reorganization of courtiers, and the son of heaven and the emperor can also tell the story of "waking up" in the palace. There is a harmonious atmosphere from top to bottom.
In the third paragraph, from the beginning (from "it is impossible to climb the dragon and attach the phoenix" to "the later Han Dynasty is happy and prosperous this week"), it reveals a political drawback: the court awarded too many titles, and many speculators were rewarded without merit, which once threatened to "turn the world into a prince". The sentence "Youre" is a reprimand to this generation, and the tone has turned into anger. Then, Zhang Gao, Fang Yi and others were hailed as the opposites of the above decadent forces, and their voices turned light, so that they relaxed and played hard to get. Hou Jinglai, the general who descended from south to north in the sentence of "Blue Robe and White Horse", compares the rebels in the Anshi Rebellion, indicating that the rebels are vulnerable; The phrase "this week after the Han Dynasty" compares the current situation with the resurgence of Zhou and Han Dynasties. At that time, Gui Fang and Zhang Gao had already broken up. The poet hoped that the court could reuse them, so he specially recommended them and praised each other as "General Zhongxing". In May 758 (the first year), Zhang Gao dismissed from office and was appointed as Jing Changshi. Here, "behind the scenes reuse" is a profound meaning. This passage shows Du Fu's political vision.
In the fourth paragraph (from "every inch of land is a tribute" to the end of the article), the meaning of "Zhou Xi prospered again in the later Han Dynasty" was stated in six sentences, saying that tributes came from all directions, which boded well for the whole country. The following continues: hermits don't have to avoid chaos and seclusion, and literati are capitalizing hymns. At this time, the poet is "praising it", but at the same time he has not forgotten the worries of people's livelihood, thus "praying it will happen": it is the spring ploughing and drought, and farmers are looking forward to rain; However, "athletes" and "ideological women" have not reunited, and social stability and production recovery depend on the final victory of the war. The poet encouraged the "Shang Qi athletes" who besieged Yecheng to be "lazy" and focused their attention on their early success. Although these words are few, they sing the poet's concern for the people, indicating that he praised the victory of the Anti-Japanese War as an important prerequisite for stabilizing society and developing production. Because of this, the poet sang his strong desire and the strongest voice of the poem at the end of the article: "Andrew's strong man holds the Tianhe River, and it is not necessary to wash his armor for a long time!"
The keynote of this poem is to celebrate wishes, be warm, cheerful and full of enthusiasm. It conveys the poet's earnest concern for the fate of the country and his feelings full of optimism and belief, and is an ode to expecting victory. There are also criticisms and worries about some bad phenomena in the poem, but it does not affect the poet's excitement and optimism about the overall situation. The poem chapter expresses great joy and praise with its loud tone, gorgeous words and romantic exaggerated tone. Du Fu's poems were originally known as "gloomy" poetic style, but this one is another tune in Du Fu's ancient style.
From the artistic form, it adopts the "four musts" which are gorgeous and neat and have both ancient and modern styles. Rich words, neat antithesis, accurate allusions, and broad momentum are completely suitable for the festive content expressed in poetry. The rhyme of this poem is interchanged paragraph by paragraph; The tone is sudden and the enthusiasm is full of frustration. Beautiful and vigorous words and ups and downs of poetry greatly enhance the artistic appeal of poetry.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather (Du Fu's father) moved from Xiangyang (now Hubei) to Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry is also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" for sharing with two other poets.
Li Shangyin and Du Mu are different from "Little Du Li", and Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li".
Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" because many of his poems are depressed and worried about the country and the people. Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are known as the scars of the world and the sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. His works include Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Wang Chun, Jueju and Wang Yue.