Author: Du Mu
Original text:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
translate
Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of water towns.
There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
To annotate ...
1. Ti Ying: That is the language of Yan.
2. Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town.
3. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a hotel symbol.
4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties.
5. Four hundred and eighty temples: emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number.
6. Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to the temple architecture.
7. misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and fog.
Make an appreciative comment
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion.
"Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; Villages by the water, battlements by the mountain, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, birds are singing, red and green are set against each other, and wine flags are flying. It should have been a sunny scene, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, just because the rain is different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and heavily built Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie.
Du Mu is especially good at depicting beautiful and moving pictures with just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting profound and beautiful artistic conception, expressing implicit and profound feelings, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thinking. "Jiangnan Spring" reflects that the aesthetics in China's poems and paintings are beyond time and space, indifferent and free and easy, with the thought of "epiphany" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and more poetic feelings of nostalgia, seclusion and freehand brushwork.
Appreciate differences
Regarding the theme of the quatrains in Jiangnan Spring, there are different opinions on whether to use the ancient to satirize the present.
Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer.
Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only depicts the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start with the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Cloud Temple in Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao in Qingyi River" and "Wandering in autumn mountains and spring rain, leaning over the temple building in the south of the Yangtze River" all show that he still enjoys the balcony of the Buddhist temple.
Creation background
In the late Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty, as a mansion, was on the verge of collapse, and the regime of the buffer region, the eunuch's authoritarian power and the dispute between Niu and Li were eroding the giant's body bit by bit.
On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was fascinated by his achievements in Pinghuaixi and other places and started the dream of eternal life in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so worried about Buddhism that Han Yu went to the platform of remonstrating Buddha's bones and almost lost his life. After Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and others preached Buddhism as usual, the number of monks and nuns kept rising, and the temple economy kept developing, which greatly weakened the strength of the government and increased the burden on the country.
When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help thinking of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty. In the end, there was nothing. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people by mistake. It is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a gentle exhortation to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong made peace and destroyed Buddha, which eased the contradiction to some extent.
This is a landscape poem with a good reputation. A small space paints a broad picture. It is not aimed at a specific place, but at the unique scenery of the whole south of the Yangtze River, so it is named "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River".
The first sentence, "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red", shows the natural scenery of Jiangnan from the beginning. "Thousands of miles" is a summary of the vast south of the Yangtze River. There are songbirds everywhere, and the boundless green leaves set off bright red flowers. This colorful and vibrant scenery is naturally unique to Jiangnan. The second sentence, "Mountain Guo wine flag wind", describes the unique topography of Jiangnan. There are villages by the water and battlements by the mountain. In the spring breeze, the wine flag flutters gently. What a beautiful south of the Yangtze River!
One or two sentences are about sunny scenery, and three or four sentences are about rainy scenery. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." In the light rain in spring, it is another scenery. There are hundreds of Buddhist temples left over from the Southern Dynasties. These magnificent Buddhist temples with heavy houses are shrouded in misty rain, looming and seemingly absent, adding a hazy and blurred color to the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. "480" is an imaginary number, not a real number, which highlights the number of Buddhist temples and satirizes the emperor's dependence on Buddhism. Among them, it should refer to the Wukong Temple existing in Qingyang Town, Jiangyin.
The whole poem outlines the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and depicts the beautiful and foggy spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with a highly generalized brushwork. Bright colors and meaningful feelings. A seven-character quatrain can show such a vast picture, which is really "the size of Wan Li".
At the same time, Du Mu also left a poem "Furong Lake" to praise the beautiful scenery of Jiangyin:
On the edge of Danshu village, fireworks are faint, and geese fly in the depths of the blue waves. Depressed leaves hang on the banks of the Yang family, and there is little smell of smashing clothes across the water.
Appreciation of the Original and Translation of Jiangnan Spring: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Mu
Original text:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
The vast dry south of the Yangtze River is picturesque in spring, and the green leaves in Yanwu, Ying Ge set off bright red flowers.
Ti Ying: That is the language of Yan. Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a sign of a hotel.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
The flag of Shuicunshan fruit wine flutters in the spring breeze. How many Buddhist temples were shrouded in misty rain in the Southern Dynasties?
Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. Temple 480: The emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number. Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to temple architecture. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and fog.
Translation reference:
Wang Shuhai 1. Appreciation of China's Ancient Poems: Changchun Publishing House, 20xx: 190.
2. Cultural Appreciation of Zhang Changqing China's Classical Poetry: Peking University Publishing House, 20xx:555-556-556.
3. Xu shanqi. Three hundred Tang Poems: Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 20xx: 69.
Translation and comments 1
Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of water towns. There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain. Note 1. Ti Ying: That is the language of Yingying, Crow and Swallow. 2. Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town. 3. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a hotel symbol. 4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. 5. Four hundred and eighty temples: emperors and bureaucrats in the Southern Dynasties ... show them all.
Translation and Notes 2
The spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in the vast trunk is picturesque, and the green leaves in Yanwu, Ying Ge set off bright red flowers. The flag of Shuicunshan fruit wine flutters in the spring breeze. How many Buddhist temples were shrouded in misty rain in the Southern Dynasties? Jiangnan is full of singing and dancing, green trees and red flowers, villages near the water, battlements around the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. There used to be deep temples filled with smoke, but now pavilions stand in the hazy rain curtain. Note (1) Ti Ying: Ti Ying ... shows all.
Make an appreciative comment
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; Villages by the water, battlements by the mountain, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. Charm Jiangnan ... shows all.
Creation background
In the late Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty, as a mansion, was on the verge of collapse, and the regime of the buffer region, the eunuch's authoritarian power and the dispute between Niu and Li were eroding the giant's body bit by bit. On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was fascinated by his achievements in Pinghuaixi and other places and started the dream of eternal life in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so worried about Buddhism that Han Yu went to the platform of remonstrating Buddha's bones and almost lost his life. After Xian Zong was killed by eunuchs, the following scholars advocated Buddhism as usual and became monks. ...
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
Appreciation of the original text and translation of Jiangnan Spring: Three thousand-mile warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town and country are full of wine flags.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Jiangnan Spring is a famous poem by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion.
translate
Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of waterside villages. There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
To annotate ...
1, Guo: the outer wall built outside the city in ancient times.
2. Guoshan: A small town built on the mountain.
3. Southern Dynasties: the collective name of the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen established in the southern region after the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
4. Four hundred and eighty temples: emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number.
5. Loutai: refers to the temple.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a four-line poem describing the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Bai Juyi painted gorgeous pictures, but that's only macroscopic, while Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" is relatively specific, which seems to make the outlook on life more profound. Du Mu not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty balcony scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. The interpretation of A Thousand Miles is to write about the whole south of the Yangtze River, but the whole is expressed through concrete images. "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties were covered with misty rain." There are also temples, which are an important part of the transition to the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and have a sense of vicissitudes. Many Buddhist buildings left over from the Southern Dynasties are looming in the spring breeze and spring rain, adding confusing beauty. The poet here is not talking about "480 temples facing north", but "480 temples facing south", which obviously has different meanings. The rulers of the Southern Dynasties lost their lives for Buddhism, wasted people's money and built a large number of temples. "Southern History Guo Ancestral Family" said: "When the emperor understands Buddhist scriptures, he will change his customs. Therefore, the ancestors said that they all went to more than 500 Buddhist temples, which were extremely magnificent, with more than 100 thousand monks and nuns. The assets are rich, and there are no words in the county. " On this basis, Mutu said that there are obviously fewer "480 temples". It also shows that it was very expensive to build a temple at that time, and the author wrote this poem in the late Tang Dynasty, so there was no lack of poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Today, the "480 Temple in the Southern Dynasties" has become a historical relic and an integral part of the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. There is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer. The four sentences in this poem are all scenic words, each with its own characteristics. There are sounds and colors, space expansion and time tracking. In just 28 words, the poet painted a vivid and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in very popular language.
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion.
"Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; Villages by the water, battlements by the mountain, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, it should be a sunny scene with singing and dancing, red and green setting each other off and wine flags fluttering, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, which is completely understandable, because the wind and rain are different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and magnificent Buddhist temple gives people a deep feeling, and the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh of "How many towers are there in the misty rain", which was particularly reverie.
This poem shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers put forward the "satire theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that the Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. In fact, the interpretation of poetry should first proceed from the artistic image, and should be abstracted. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Cloud Temple in Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao in Qingyi River" and "Wandering in autumn mountains and spring rain, leaning over the temple building in the south of the Yangtze River" all show that he still enjoys the balcony of the Buddhist temple. Of course, while enjoying it, it is also possible to drift a little historical emotion occasionally. It expresses that the author's state of mind is neutral, with neither obvious hatred nor obvious malice, and he is simply writing about the scenery and praising the spring.