Another benefit brought by the lightness of steel structure involves the foundation of the building.
Obviously, when the weight of the whole building is reduced by half, the foundation of the building is also reduced accordingly. Therefore, the demand for materials (mainly concrete) for these foundations is also reduced, and the foundation excavation and soil treatment are also reduced accordingly, which also saves the use of land.
Personal safety is an important topic in building construction and construction industry, because complex scaffolding is used to climb during construction, falling objects often cause engineering accidents. The mortality rate of construction sites is much higher than the industrial average.
However, the steel structure technology is different. Before installation, 80% of the work was carried out on the ground or in the factory, which is a good example to ensure safety.
2. What wastes will the steel industry produce?
The iron and steel industry produces a lot of waste gas, waste water and solid waste (slag, etc.). ).
This not only wastes resources and energy, but also causes serious pollution to the environment and directly harms people's health. At present, the main pollution in the steel industry mainly includes the following aspects: 1, wastewater pollution.
Iron and steel industry is a big water user, with water consumption accounting for 19% of the national industrial water consumption and wastewater discharge accounting for 1 1 of the national industrial wastewater discharge. 3%。
Iron and steel industry wastewater contains many pollutants, including a large number of volatile phenol, fluoride, petroleum, suspended solids, arsenic, lead and other harmful substances. 2. Air pollution.
It means that the concentration of pollutants in the air has reached a harmful level. Pollutants include solids, liquids, gases, lactic acid, harmful gases, etc.
Air pollution has a great influence on human health and plant growth. A large amount of sulfur dioxide emissions will cause "acid rain", destroy trees, slow down plant growth, and even wither and fall off branches and leaves. 3. Steel slag pollution.
Waste residue, such as waste rock, tailings, smelting slag, dust and sludge, is produced in the process of mining, metal smelting and processing, and belongs to solid waste. The environmental pollution caused by slag is caused by air, water and solid waste itself. In addition to the above pollution, noise pollution in iron and steel industry can not be ignored, which will affect people's normal life, damage their hearing, induce various diseases, reduce labor production efficiency and even cause accidents.
3. It is best to have short knowledge of environmental protection.
1. Bind the unused paper in the old exercise book into a draft. 2. Collect the used draft paper, old exercise books and test papers, find a suitable way, and send them to the paper mill for reprocessing into usable paper.
3. Save paper, fill up the draft paper, and don't throw it away just by writing a few numbers. 4. Try to save paper, whether it is toilet paper or napkin. If you can use a handkerchief instead, use it.
5. Practice writing brush and painting Chinese painting on waste newspapers. 6. Some wrapping paper can be made into handicrafts to beautify life.
7. Try not to use disposable chopsticks. 8. Convenient chopsticks or bamboo sticks can be recycled and made into handicrafts.
9. Don't destroy or damage trees by mechanical means. 10, a variety of plants.
1 1. Send the remaining wood and sawdust from the decoration to the paper mill to reduce the number of trees cut down. 12. Like the Japanese, we cherish every tree in our country and use laws to regulate people's awareness of protection.
4. Little knowledge of environmental protection (about 50 words short)
Recyclable resources in life mainly include: (1) waste paper: newspapers, book paper, wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cartons, etc. Note that paper towels and toilet paper cannot be recycled because of their strong water solubility. (2) Plastics: all kinds of plastic bags, plastic foams, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics, plastic toothbrushes, plastic cups, mineral water bottles, etc. (3) Glass: glass bottles and broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles, etc. (4) Metals: cans, tin cans, toothpaste skins, etc. (5) Cloth: mainly including waste clothes, tablecloths, towels, cloth bags, etc. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution can be reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of good steel, which saves 47% cost and reduces 75% air pollution compared with ore smelting. Reduce water pollution and solid waste by 97%. So far, the environmental problems that have threatened human survival and been recognized by human beings mainly include: global warming, ozone layer destruction, acid rain, fresh water crisis, energy shortage, sharp decline of forest resources, land desertification, accelerated extinction of species, garbage disaster, toxic chemical pollution and many other aspects. (1) Global warming refers to the increase of global temperature. The global average temperature of nearly 65438+ has experienced two fluctuations of cold-warm-cold-warm, which can always be regarded as an upward trend. Since 1980s, the global average temperature has obviously increased. The global average temperature of 198 1~ 1990 was 0.48℃ higher than that of 100 years ago. The main reason for global warming is that human beings have greatly increased in the past century.
5. What should be paid attention to in protecting legitimate rights and interests in the face of environmental protection shutdown of steel plants?
Many cities have intensified the adjustment of industrial structure, accelerated the relocation of production projects that pollute the atmospheric environment in the core control area, and adopted measures such as limiting production, stopping production and stopping construction for projects that fail to meet environmental management requirements. Some cities require to complete the relocation and closure before the end of 20 17.
When iron and steel enterprises stop production due to environmental pollution, what should they pay attention to in order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests? Beijing Wu Law Firm, based on its ten-year experience in safeguarding the rights and interests of enterprise demolition and the current situation, provides some ideas for iron and steel enterprises facing environmental protection shutdown and demolition. First, buy time for enterprises. However, the most important thing is to give * * * enough time.
Environmental shutdown is supported by policies. As long as it is recognized as environmental shutdown, relevant departments are likely to want to implement demolition as soon as possible. At this time, time is very important. Lawyers of Beijing Wu Law Firm believe that the best way to postpone demolition is to file reconsideration and litigation.
Because of the law, during the period of reconsideration and litigation, the relevant departments can't conduct * * *. This can win relatively sufficient time for safeguarding the rights and interests of enterprises. We have told you more than once that the purpose of litigation and reconsideration is sometimes not just to directly safeguard rights and interests. Of course, it would be better if we can achieve our goal directly, but it may be just a means and an aid on our way.
Rights protection must be flexible, not stubborn. Second, is it possible to remedy it? In principle, not all polluting enterprises will be closed down. For example, in reality, some local departments may only temporarily shut down some steel enterprises and require rectification within a time limit, so they can continue to operate within the time limit. For some iron and steel enterprises, the pollution may be serious and the rectification effect is not very good, so they will ask for closure and relocation.
If the environmental protection situation of your steel mill is in the middle, then you can judge whether there is a possibility of remedy by sounding the tone of the other party. If it can be remedied, then the corresponding measures can be taken efficiently in the shortest time to make the substandard items reach the relevant standards. Will this make the incident have room for change? Third, is there any compensation for the closure of enterprises? Many small and medium-sized enterprises in this field are very confused, so should there be relevant compensation for bankruptcy? Last year, Linyi shut down more than 50 related steel mills at one time, which also attracted widespread attention from social media. I won't go into details about whether it is fair and reasonable, but how to understand the losses caused by the closure of small and medium-sized enterprises from a legal point of view, and from which angles should * * * arrange, evaluate and compensate them.
Lawyer Wu summarized the following points on compensation and resettlement measures in various places for your reference. One is the compensation for expropriation and demolition, and the land use right, factory building, loss of production and business suspension, decoration, relocation and accessories are all compensated according to the compensation standard for expropriation and demolition.
The second is to make compensation according to certain resettlement, that is, to agree to plan industrial parks or move out, and to give enterprises certain land indicators, preferential treatment and tax incentives for resettlement, and then calculate how much compensation enterprises should receive after resettlement. Of course, resettlement is also a part of welfare, which should be thrown out of the overall compensation, and the rest should be compensated with money.
The third way is popular now, that is, after the land is vacated, * * * no projects come in. Some big manufacturers use their existing land for actual development and then remove profits from the total compensation for development. Subsidize me if there is surplus, and give it to * * * if there is no surplus. That is to say, on this land, we have signed the right to give priority to the development of vacant land with * * *. In this regard, Hebei and even Changchun and Qingdao in Shandong have some successful experiences. Generally, these three ways are adopted to compensate and resettle enterprises.
4. In case of forced demolition, keep the evidence in time. If a factory that has been in business for many years has not recovered even if it takes various ways to fight for its rights protection time, it will no longer fight for time to go to court, but directly safeguard its legitimate interests. What is needed at this time is the result of winning the case. So what is the most important thing in the litigation process? This is evidence.
Only when the evidence is sufficient and the chain of evidence is complete can it be adopted by the judge. The trial adopts the judge's free evaluation of evidence, and we can only get the judge's approval and win the case through strong evidence.
Therefore, it is very important to have enough evidence. The safest way is to collect evidence that can prove the assets involved in the factory as soon as you receive the notice from the relevant department.
We used to have an article explaining in detail what should be done to make the evidence valid. It is more convenient to shoot a video, so you must buy the newspaper of the day and show the time when the video was shot.
Of course, it is also very necessary to record the process of forced demolition by relevant departments. Don't be at a loss when you don't have enough strength to stop the progress of * * *. You should take the time to save the evidence for the future.
Beijing Wu Law Firm believes that the phenomenon that steel mills are shut down and relocated due to environmental pollution is becoming more and more common, and the rights and interests are likely to be ignored in this process. We must make plans as soon as possible in order to find a way to live for ourselves.
6. Environmental protection tips and information
1) Take pride in saving water-turn off the tap at any time, don't let white water run, and save water. 2) Monitoring the water source-protecting the water source means protecting your own life. 3) Use more water-don't waste resources, let the water be reused. 4) Stop dripping-check and repair the faucet. 5) Use detergent with caution-use soap as much as possible to reduce water pollution. 6) Care about air quality-don't forget that you have been using it. Less pollution 8) Use less electrical appliances-contribute to slowing global warming 9) Use less air conditioners-reduce energy consumption 10) Support green lighting-use energy-saving lamps for everyone 1 1) Use renewable resources-don't wait until the day when energy runs out 12) Do ". Traffic cars are proud that 13) is a "bicycle hero"-protecting the atmosphere, From the first step 14) Reduce the exhaust emission-the responsibility of the driver 15) Use unleaded gasoline-the choice of the driver 16) Use recycled paper-reduce deforestation 17) Replace the New Year card-reduce the burden on the earth17. ) Recognize "environmental label"-choose green food 22) Use fluorine to choose green packaging-reduce garbage disasters 26) Identify green food labels 28) Use less disposable products-save earth resources 29) Bring your own shopping bags-use less plastic bags 30) Bring your own lunch boxes-reduce white pollution 3 1) Use less disposable chopsticks-don't let the forest become sawdust 32. Exchange donated surplus items-idle waste, Donating glory 34) Recycling waste plastics-developing the "second oilfield" 35) Recycling waste batteries-preventing the recurrence of tragedies 36) Recycling waste paper-recycling forest resources 37) Recycling biological waste-recycling green fertilizer 38) Promoting waste sorting and recycling-overcoming waste pollution with little effort 38) Refusing to eat wild animals-changing bad eating habits 39) Refusing to use wildlife products to capture and raise wild animals-protecting fragile biological chains 4/. ) Stop poaching and buying and selling wild animals-Exercise your sacred rights 42) Make friends with animals-Be kind to life and save everything 43) Don't buy rare wooden utensils-Don't destroy the tropical rain forest 44) Plant trees to protect forests-Fight the desert 45) Adopt trees-Be a green forest.
7. What environmental protection knowledge should an environmental worker know?
What is desertification According to the definition in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification signed in Paris in June 1994, "desertification refers to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas caused by various factors, including climate variation and human activities".
Desertification, known as "cancer of the earth", is one of the four major ecological and environmental problems faced by modern human society since the second half of the 20th century. The other three are global climate change, biodiversity protection and environmental pollution. 39. Two control zones and their pollution control targets: The two control zones involve 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The two control areas cover an area of 6,543.8+0,900 square kilometers, accounting for 1 1.
4%, including acid rain control area of 800,000 square kilometers, accounting for 8. 4%, sulfur dioxide pollution control area of 290 thousand square kilometers, accounting for 3% of the national territory.
Sulfur dioxide emissions in the two control areas: the sulfur dioxide emissions in the two control areas are about 1995, accounting for 59% of the country's 23.7 million tons. Pollution control objectives of the two control areas: By the year 2000, the industrial pollution sources discharging sulfur dioxide in the two control areas will meet the standards, and the sulfur dioxide emission will be controlled at 654.38 0.4 million tons. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the ambient air of municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities, special economic zones, coastal open cities and key tourist cities has reached the national environmental quality standards, and the deterioration trend of acid rain pollution has been alleviated.
By 20 10, the emission of sulfur dioxide in the two control areas will be controlled at140,000 tons, and the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the ambient air of all cities will meet the national environmental standards. 40. Main indoor pollutant: formaldehyde: colorless and soluble gas, which can be absorbed by respiratory tract, and its aqueous solution "formalin" can be absorbed by digestive tract.
Hazard: Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can cause chronic respiratory diseases, menstrual disorders in women, pregnancy syndrome, physical decline of newborns, chromosomal abnormalities, and even nasopharyngeal carcinoma. High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to nervous system, immune system and liver.
Formaldehyde is also &; The exam is big&; It has teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. People who have been exposed to formaldehyde for a long time may cause cancer of nasal cavity, oral cavity, nasopharynx, throat, skin and digestive tract.
Sources: Formaldehyde in indoor environment can be roughly divided into two categories according to sources: (1), and outdoor air pollution: industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust, photochemical smog, etc. Can release or produce a certain amount of formaldehyde to a certain extent, but the content of this part is very small. According to related reports, the average annual concentration of formaldehyde in urban air is about 0.
005~0。 0 1mg/m3, generally not more than 0.03mg/m3, this part of the gas can enter the room at some time, which is a source of indoor formaldehyde pollution.
(2) Indoor pollution: mainly the indoor use of chemical products such as building materials, decoration items and daily necessities, but also some secondary factors such as incomplete combustion of fuel and tobacco leaves. Formaldehyde has a strong adhesion, and at the same time, it can strengthen the hardness, insect resistance and corrosion resistance of the board. Therefore, all kinds of particleboard, medium density fiberboard and plywood on the market use urea-formaldehyde resin as adhesive, which inevitably contains formaldehyde.
In addition, new furniture, walls, floor decoration auxiliary materials should use adhesives, so wherever adhesives are used, formaldehyde gas will always be released, which will cause harm to the indoor environment. Urea-formaldehyde foam resin insulation material made of urea-formaldehyde resin has good insulation effect, so it is often made into building envelope structure, so that the indoor temperature is not affected by outdoor.
In addition, formaldehyde can also come from cosmetics, detergents, pesticides, disinfectants, preservatives, ink, paper and so on. .