Liu Qing (1916～1978), a modern writer, was originally named Liu Yunhua, also named Dongyuan, and his pen name was Liu Qing.
Born on July 2, 1916, in a peasant family in Sigou Village, Zhangjiashan Township, Wubao County, Shaanxi Province. He started attending school in the village for three years when he was 9 years old. In 1927, he was admitted to the senior high school in Ji Town, Jia County. In 1928, he followed his eldest brother Chunyuan to Dongjie Primary School in Mizhi County for one year. In May of the same year, Liu Yiwei introduced him to join the Communist Party. Youth League; in 1929, because his eldest brother left Mizhi, he returned to Jiaxian County to study at Zhenzhen Primary School for one and a half years; in 1931, his brother Chunyuan made money teaching in the Northeast, and helped Liu Qing to be admitted to Yulin Provincial No. 6 Middle School. He studied and began to delve into literary works. He often read the works of Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Gorky and others. Deep in his mind, he laid the path to literary creation. Starting from the second grade of junior high school, students can start learning English and be able to read ordinary English original works after one year. In the mid-summer of 1934, Liu Qing was admitted to Xi'an High School, which broadened her horizons, enriched her reading content, added a lot of knowledge, and increased her interest in literature. She especially yearned for progressive literature. She began to study Russian by herself, introduced Soviet literature, and started to pursue amateur studies. creative path. In school, I often wrote prose and poetry, translated foreign short stories, and published them in newspapers and periodicals. In 1935, the "December 9th" student movement spread to Xi'an. He actively participated in demonstrations, promoted anti-Japanese resistance, and called for "an end to the civil war." At that time, Liu Qing was the head of the Xi'an High School Student Union and the editor of the school's high school student publication "Salvation Line". He constantly encouraged Xi'an students to support the patriotic struggle of Beiping students. In 1936, the Xi'an Incident, which shocked China and the world, occurred. The student movement surged again, and Liu Qing actively participated. At the end of December, after being introduced by Dong Xueyuan, he met Li Yimeng and Feng Wenbin from Yan'an and joined the Communist Party of China. He participated in the work of the Provisional Propaganda Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee led by Li Yimeng and served as the propaganda committee member of the school party branch. Editor-in-chief of "Student Voice", he published "The Conversation between Mao Zedong and Snow" and the short story "Waiting for the Car" in the "Student Voice" publication.
In 1937, Liu Qing graduated from high school and served as editor of the supplement of "Northwestern Culture Daily" and was responsible for the party and league work of the Xi'an Youth Literary and Art Association. At that time, it had been six years since the September 18th Incident. Northeast China had fallen, North China was in danger, and the motherland was in critical condition. Liu Qing used newspapers and periodicals to encourage the people to rise up against Japan. That year, Pingjin fell, and some teachers and students from Beijing Normal University, Peking University, and Tianjin Beiyang Institute of Technology fled to Xi'an to set up Northwest Temporary University. Two months later, Liu Qing was admitted to the school's Russian elective class, studying Russian while Engaged in translation of Soviet literature. Due to frequent bombings by Japanese planes, the school moved to Chenggu, southern Shaanxi Province in April 1938. Liu Qing did not leave, but followed the Eighth Route Army to fight on the front lines and began his creative activities. From May 1938 to July 1939, Liu Qing served as the secretary of the "Haiyan" Poetry Society and the secretary of the People's Entertainment Improvement Association in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Literary Association, doing Party work. After translating the Spanish novel "No Way to the Road", he went to the front line of northwest Shanxi with Liu Zuchun and others to interview, and published many correspondence reports. In the spring of 1939, he returned to Yan'an and went with the People's Theater Troupe to experience life in nine counties in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. I returned to Yan'an in June and wrote two novels. In August, he went to the front line again and served as a cultural instructor in the 1st Battalion, 2nd Regiment, 115th Division Independent Detachment, Southwest Shanxi Province, and the 771st Regiment, 386th Brigade, 129th Division. He returned to Yan'an in October 1940 and worked in the Anti-Japanese War. He successively wrote "Misunderstanding", "Victim", "Landmine", "One Day's Companion", "Waste", "Insulted Woman", and "In Hometown". More than 10 novels, including "Happy Events", "Son of the Soil", and "The Buyer of Sanjian Land", vividly depict the heroic image of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. He later collected these works in his first collection of short stories, Mines.
In 1942, the famous Yan'an Rectification Movement began. Liu Qing temporarily gave up writing and participated in the rectification movement. In February 1943, the organization sent him to serve as a clerk in Lujiajian Township, Minfeng District, Mizhi County. He often went deep into the countryside to recruit Communist Party members, led the masses to start reducing rents and interest rates, and organized large-scale production movements. The heavy work and difficult rural life made him fall ill. In the tense spring, summer, autumn and winter, he read five "Selected Works of Stalin". Work practice and inspiration from study made him fundamentally change his thoughts and feelings from his original unwillingness to work in rural areas. Liu Qing has been working in this township for three years and collected a lot of information.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as editor-in-chief of Dalian Dazhong Bookstore. In the late period of the Liberation War, he returned to northern Shaanxi to deepen his life.
In the early days of liberation, he served as an editorial board member and supplement editor of China Youth Daily. In 1952, he served as deputy secretary of Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province, in charge of agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation. He conducted in-depth investigations and research, and taught district and township cadres and farmers about the history of social development and the superiority of the socialist system. He personally guided the "July 1 United Agricultural Cooperative" in Wangmang Village and the "Shengli Agricultural Cooperative" in Huangfu Village. Make the Chang'an agricultural cooperative movement develop healthily and become an advanced model in Shaanxi and northwest China. In March 1953, he resigned as deputy secretary of the Chang'an County Party Committee, retained his position as a member of the Standing Committee, and settled in Huangfu Village, Chang'an County for 14 years. He lives in a dilapidated temple and specializes in the creation of literary works such as the novel "History of Entrepreneurship".
In April 1960, Liu Qing donated 16,065 yuan from the 100,000-volume first volume of "History of Entrepreneurship" to Wangqu Commune for industrial infrastructure costs; in 1961, he began to write the second volume of "History of Entrepreneurship" When he was in the ministry, he borrowed 5,500 yuan in advance from China Youth Publishing House to pay for high-voltage wires and poles in Huangfu Village.
From 1963 to 1964, Liu Qing participated in the socialist education movement in Chang'an County twice. He took risks and fought against a large number of ultra-left ideological trends, protected a group of rural cadres, and deeply popular. In Chang'an County, he also wrote "It's Morning Here" and "Lighthouse, Shine on Us!" ", "In the Autumn of 1955 in Huangfu Village", "Wang Family Father and Son", "Neighbor Trivia" and other prose. He also wrote works such as "About the Field Production Points of Wangqu People's Commune", "How to Make Green Fertilizer", "Three-Character Classic of Farm Animal Raising", "Aesthetic Notes", and "Hard to Iron".
In 1966, when the Cultural Revolution began, Liu Qing was branded as a "reactionary authority", a "black writer", and a "person in power within the party taking the capitalist road". She lost her freedom and was physically and mentally tortured. After that, Northwest University, Xi'an Jiaotong University and other units sent people to investigate Chang'an for a month and wrote a long report "Liu Qing's Fifteen Years in Chang'an", affirming that he has a clean history, an upright work, and that his works can withstand history. test. In September 1967, the black minions of the "Gang of Four" publicized everywhere that Liu Qing had engaged in espionage activities in Sichuan during the Anti-Japanese War, saying that he was a "special suspect" and the "black hand" behind the Cultural Revolution, and once again imprisoned him in the "cowpen" , tortured for 4 years. During this period, his home was destroyed and his friend Ma Wei was persecuted to death. However, he always stood firm, unwavering, uncompromising, adhering to the truth, and resolutely resisted the cruel persecution of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. But his illness became worse and his body gradually declined.
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai learned that Liu Qing was critically ill, and instructed the Central Ministry of Health to make appropriate arrangements, and also asked the principal persons in charge of Shaanxi Province to take care of Liu Qing. On the National Day of the same year, Premier Zhou asked a reporter from the "People's Daily" to send a message to Liu Qing, hoping that he would take good health and finish writing four "History of Entrepreneurship". Liu Qing was greatly encouraged and once again carefully revised "The Iron Wall" and "The History of Entrepreneurship". In 1978, he published "Life is the Foundation of Creation" at a literary and artistic creation conference held by the Shaanxi Provincial Publishing Bureau and the Provincial Party Committee and a novel creation symposium of the "Yanhe" editorial department, further elaborating on aesthetic ideas.
In May 1978, Liu Qing went to Beijing for medical treatment. He wanted to use the modern conditions of the hospital to support his body and gain time to complete the second part of "History of Entrepreneurship". However, due to poor health and serious illness, he unfortunately passed away at 5 pm on June 13 at the age of 62.
His ashes are placed in Babaoshan Cemetery in Beijing and Shenheyuan Cemetery in Huangfu Village, Chang'an. Grand memorial meetings were held in Beijing and Xi'an respectively. Li Xiannian and the main responsible comrades of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Revolutionary Committee attended the memorial meetings.